• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.27-45
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• 2008

This research focused on a total of 378 patients with external injuries under the age of 14 who visited the emergency center at a university hospital in Korea, during the months of January, April, August and November between January and December of 2007. In addition, the survey was conducted only on even number days and ranged across the whole year to reflect the impact of seasonal characteristics on the collected data. The research focused on determining the characteristics and inflicting cause of these patients with external injuries, analyzed the total time spent in the emergency room and obtained the following results. 1. When classifying the patients into different genders, the proportion of males (67.5%) was higher than that of females (32.5%). According to the different age groups, the highest ratio, at 61.1 %, was patients under the age of six. 2. Looking at the total number of minutes spent in the emergency room, the longest amount of time occurred during April with 162.7 minutes, followed by 121.9 minutes in January and 92.4 minutes in November. August had the shortest period of time spent in the emergency room, a significant statistical difference from the other periods of the year (p<0.001). 3. Regarding the amount of time required for each examination, patients required to provide a urine test spent an average of 204.7 minutes while those who did not spent 113.5 minutes on average. This is a 5% statistical difference among the two groups (p>0.05). 4. Looking at the five most commonly diagnosed problems in the emergency room, the total number of people with these top five commonly diagnosed illnesses comprised 55.6%, or 210 patients out of 378. 5. Utilizing the Decision Tree Model to estimate the total number of minutes required per visit, the first classifications were made using a chemical examination factor. People subject to chemical classification spent an average of 177.7 minutes, which was longer than the overall average of 115.2 minutes, and those exempt from chemical examination spent an average of 103.8 minutes, which was shorter than the average Conclusion; Effort to curtail the total time spent in emergency rooms is vital in guaranteeing efficient management of hospitals and providing medical services. The delay experienced by many comprehensive professional medical centers must be resolved through the establishment of effective delivery of medical services, increased supply of patient rooms and other policy oriented implementations. However, for now, this problem must be resolved by increasing the level of patient satisfaction and guaranteeing effective operation of patient rooms, which will significantly contribute to the general management and success of hospitals and institutions.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.203-249
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• 2009

It is the so-called Shinchon Severance Hospital Case brought to an end by the decision of the Supreme Court that opened the real discourse of withholding or withdrawing of LST (Life-Sustaining Treatment) in the legal profession as well as medical profession in Korea. Everyone has sympathy with the validity and necessity of legal regulation on withdrawing-including withholding-of LST save the requirements & procedure of withdrawing of LST. In this situation, the legislative bill of amendment to the Korean Civil Law introducing of adult guardianship was pre-announced by the Ministry of Justice on September 18th 2009. The adult guardianship is a guardianship system that supports an mentally handicapped adult to deal with his affairs by support of a guardian. The object of adult guardianship includes affairs of body or well-being as well as property of adult wards. In particular, affairs of medical matters are of importance in the duty and authority of adult guardians. So, the introduction of adult guardianship is of much importance de lege lata as well as de lege ferena in the discussion of withdrawing of LST as a medical treatment. Since the legislation on withdrawing of LST intents to protect the right of death with dignity on the basis of patients' autonomy, the ratio legis of withdrawing of LST is variant from that of adult guardianship. In this context, it seems reasonable to legislate the withdrawing of LST separately from the adultguardianship. In the meantime, the adult guardianship of the legislative bill of amendment to the Korean Civil Law is related to the withdrawing of LST, since the main purpose of adult guardianship is to protect patients' quality of lives and to regulate guardianship contracts based on patients' autonomy. In that context, it seems reasonable to incorporate the legislation of withdrawing of LST into the adult guardianship system. In the latter case, it is not easy to adopt the withdrawing of LST into the legislative bill of the Korean Civil Law for the bill is pre-announced already as previously stated. However, the legislation of withdrawing of LST is not inferior to the legislation of adult guardianship as a matter of urgency. Moreover, it is likely that the legislative bill of Amendment to the Korean Civil Law generates discrepancies in interpretation of the requirements & procedure of withdrawing of LST as the amended German Civil Law did. In short, it is desirable for the legislator to revise the legislative bill despite delay.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.1
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• pp.283-319
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• 1997

Our society witnesses the rapid progress in the areas of politics, economy, society and culture in the process of national modernization since 1960s, which in turn as a reverse function gets to contract a societic pathology, totally lowering the security level of citizens' lives owing to various violent crimes like hostage commotions and murders with rifles and deadly weapons. what is the main reason for that? That may be partly because the chief police force concentrates on the current situation resulting in the vacuum of the public peace. However, the main reason is that the police fall short of man-power and equipments even if the whole police power were put to use in preventing and quelling the crimes. That is true not only of Korea but also of the advanced countries like the U.S.A., England and Japan. We realize that these advanced countries have higher level of security in every individual's life and property than Korea because their progress of the private guard systems can fill in a vacuum of the shortage of the police power, Therefore, we should without delay internationalize our private guard systems expecting the widely opening of the guard service markets in the age of Uruguay Round. To do this, we need to change our ideas for fostering the policy of the private guard from passive defense ideas into positive aggressive ones. Our police should urgently set up a plan to pursue the orientation of vision that we should dispatch our private guards overseas before foreign guards rush into our markets. Accordingly it goes without saying that the private guard group should distinguish their services from the public services initiating their own theory and strategy of private guard services and also readjust themselves between the public duties and the private services with the study of minimizing the reverse function of the private guard systems. The history criminal justice has always shown that the criminal system progressed at the initiative of the civil factor in case its demand and supply do not make both ends meet. Nevertheless, in the process the power of the government never weakens, rather it is built up in general. In conclusion, the necessity of the build-up of the private guard services must duly be acknowledged by the police as well as by the business which has its unique sphere within the criminal justice instead of as the suplemtary services of the simple the police power on the long-term basis. The purpose of the private guard services can be largely classified into the two categories; first it means the function to prevent the crimes against the citizens and secondly to enhance the national interest as an increasing mammoth business with a worldly competition capacity. The police has an absolute responsibility that they should protect the modem public in general from feeling the crisis of the personal threat, tension, anxiety and nervousness. In short, if we develop the complete private guard system to guarantee the societic atmosphere for all citizens, keep the public peace, and protect all citizens' lives and properties, we will sure enjoy a beautiful land, a wholesome society and a happy life in goodharmony of law and order.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.567-578
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• 2014

The study suggested a method to improve analysis accuracy such that the interactive effects of transportation changes between outside and inside of sub-areas were sequentially considered in the analysis by linking a macroscopic network analysis and a microscopic traffic simulation. A dynamic O/D estimation method was developed for practical implement of sub-area microscopic simulation analysis by using the results of macroscopic network analysis, the results of selected link analysis at the cordon line of the sub-area, departure time data of household travel survey, timely observed traffic volume data at the cordon. This estimated dynamic O/D for the sub-area made it possible to analyze traffic phenomena in details. Various detailed phenomena such as traffic queues, delay at intersection, and conflicts between vehicles, which is impossible to be grasped through a macroscopic analysis, can be analyzed with the dynamic microscopic traffic analysis. Through implementing an empirical study and validation, the study provided a reference result about accuracy of a microscopic traffic simulation of a sub-area to help its application for real transportation policy analysis.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.221-255
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• 2016

The Russian government enacted the 'Federal Law on the Free Port of Vladivostok' to improve the medical industry in the Far East in 2015. As a result, Korean medical institutions are increasingly interested in advancing into Free Port of Vladivostok. Increased demand for high-quality Korean medical services from Russian patients and the active government policy direction of the Russian government serve as strengths and opportunities for advancing into Free Port of Vladivostok. On the other hand, the legal imperfections caused by the delay in the establishment of sub-regulations for Federal Law on the Free Port of Vladivostok and the low reliability of the Russian government are both weaknesses and threats. Therefore, Korean medical institutions will need to carefully consider the timing of advancing into Free Port of Vladivostok by closely monitoring the process of establishing the sub-regulations of Federal Law on the Free Port of Vladivostok. And it is the most realistic model for Korean medical institutions to establish 'Professional clinic model linked with health screenings(1st stage model)'. The Korean government needs to conclude a 'MOU for Cooperation on Health and Medical Care between Korea and Russia' with the Russian government and should also carry out the 'Korean Minnesota Project'.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.317-327
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• 2014

To improve the efficiency of wireless channel, IEEE 802.11ac uses the DL MU-MIMO MAC scheme through which an AP transmits multiple frames to different mobile nodes simultaneously. IEEE 802.11ac DL MU-MIMO MAC needs a new step, called as TXOP sharing, between legacy IEEE 802.11n DL SU-MIMO's two operations, the obtaining an EDCA TXOP and the transmitting multiple frames for EDCA TXOP. In the TXOP sharing operation, both wireless channel destinations and frames transmitted for its TXOP period should are determined. So this paper deals with the TXOP sharing for improving IEEE 802.11ac MAC performance. However, the EDCA priority based method mentioned by IEEE 802.11ac standard document not fair among the buffers and the frames of buffers, and occurs in high_loss rate and high_delay about specific buffers. In this paper, we propose a new scheme of the TXOP sharing with sequencing p-AC, s-AC in similar properties, and all S-AC. This method provides a differentiated service without damage of EDCA characteristics.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.195-201
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• 2020

COVID-19 is hitting the world. In order to bring about new ways of innovation in the space sector, we need to analyze changes in the space sector and design new challenge strategies. COVID-19 exposes inherent vulnerabilities in the space sector. In particular, COVID-19 is causing supply chain shocks in the space industry, resulting in delays in the supply of systems, subsystems and parts due to a complete or partial interruption of a manufacturing unit. As the overall impact of New Normal on the industry is overall, we continue to look at it in the space sector. COVID is causing supply chain shock in the space industry. It causes a delay in the supply of systems, subsystems and parts due to a complete or partial interruption of a manufacturing unit. In the supply of launch services, the launch schedule is being delayed, but the main launch is still taking place. Demand for major applications such as environmental monitoring is soaring in the earth observation utilization sector. Analyzing the impact on manufacturing, the vendor-based contraction is bringing delays in the supply of systems, subsystems and components, and launch service providers are trying to minimize delays in the launch schedule.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.112-123
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• 2015

Many disputes are happened with various causes in overseas construction projects. One of major disputes is closely related with nominated subcontractors (NSC). This paper investigates 30 judical precedents for Singapore, Malaysia and Hongkong to analyze the detailed disputes related with the NSC, and then the judical precedents are classified into 6 categories: Delay and Defect Trouble (T1), Contract Relation (T2), Payment Trouble (T3), Set-off (T4), Liquidation (T5) and so forth (T6). According to the analytical results, the frequency of occurrence of disputes is considerably related with social and economical changes, and the dispute between NSC and employer for residential and commercial building projects is the most frequently happened case. As the results of analysis, therefore, it is concluded that the employer needs to response aggressively to the problems related with NSC, and it is also important to make the council for communication among related bodies. Furthermore, the institutional reform that make the role and the responsibility of employer consistent under considering contract terms and conditions is considered as the most important and fundamental issue.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.2852-2859
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• 1997

Video-On-Demand system provides electronic video rental services from remote video servers on a broadband communication networks. Most of proposed VOD systems are typically designed for one-to-one conncetion between a user and video server. Therefore, video server stream services to customers individually by allocating a dedicated transmission channel and a set of video server resources for each customer. However, it is inefficiency and wxpensive way when server support multiple users who access the same video stream with a dedicated video channel. Therefore, to achieve cost-effectiveness, batching have studied method that uses multicast communication to simultaneously service all users requesting the same video with a single video with a single video stream. However, the application of the multicast communication by batching detract from the VCR-like function and on-demand nature of the system. In this paepr, we propose a scheme that can support an interactive VCR for all user requesting the same video stream with batching. To reduce a server I/O and network bandwidth requirement, dynamic buffer is allocated to access node which has variable playout poit. Consequently, it makes possible interactive VCR operation as if customer uses true VOD system. Also, this scheme can just deliver a multicast stream without delay after an initial request or VCR action occurred. The policy can guarantee acceptable services to number of users at minimum cost.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.228-228
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• 2015

Water reuse plays significant role in water saving and water environmental protection, and it helps alleviate the shortage of water resources. China's water reuse was put into practice since 1980s by means of pilot and promotion in National Fifth-year Plan and other strategies. The effects of water reuse is beneficial in both economic, social and environmental aspects. But some shortcomings still undermine future development of water reuse in China. To overcome and boost water reuse, Ministry of Water Resources conducted a successive survey across China. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the current condition of water reuse in China in construction, funds, legislation, planning, policy aspects, to summarize problems and its reasons underneath, to make suggestions for further development. Basically, in 2010, China's water reuse is 2.83 billion cubic meters and the utilization rate is 10.35%. Water reuse in China has four major characteristics: the first one is water reuse differences in amount occur national-widely and North of China has the main percentage as 47.3%; the second one is water reuse is mainly in environment maintenance (42.1%) and industry cooling (29.8%); the third one is funds for water reuse station and pipe construction is main in non-fiscal budget which take percentage as 56.8%; the fourth one is progresses of administrative system, political system, price management, standard system and technologies go rapidly recently. The problems of water reuse such as lack in water reuse station, delay in pipe constriction and limits on water reuse amount still exist due to some reasons. As a think tank of Ministry of Water Resources, we give some suggestions: firstly, water reuse needs to be integrated with traditional water resources allocation; secondly, public budgets need to be strengthened and income mechanism should also be constructed; thirdly, water resources integrated administrative of city and county should be boosted and roles as water reuse need to be clear and precise; fourthly, national, provincial and regional water reuse planning should be made in time; fifthly, regulations on water reuse should be programmed as soon as possible.