• 보건행정학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.195-212
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• 2011

Objectives: This study investigates the relationship between nurse staffing levels and differences in patient outcomes in terms of average length of stay, in-hospital mortality rate and 30-day death rate in order to evaluate the effectiveness of a policy that differentiates fees for inpatients on the basis of nurse-to-bed ratios. Methods: We obtained information on inpatients from health insurance claims data published by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service(HIRA) in 2008, organizational factors(type of hospital, ownership) from the records of the hospital report system in 2008, and nurse staffing levels, which were graded on a scale of 1 to 7, from data compiled between December 15, 2007, and September 20, 2008. The data were segregated according to type of hospital and quarter and finally 3,517 records of 1,182 hospitals were analyzed using multi-level analysis. Results: The average length of stay in grade 1~6 hospitals was lower than that in grade 7 ones, but the difference was much below one day. No significant difference was found among different grades in tertiary hospitals. Further, variations in staffing levels did not result in any significant difference in the in-hospital mortality rate and 30-day death rate. Conclusions: High nurse staffing levels did not result in better patient outcomes compared with low staffing levels. We therefore recommend modifying the above nurse staffing policy so as to make it more effective in improving patient outcomes.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2010

This article describes a systematic roadmap master plan for advanced industrial safety and health policy in Korea, with an emphasis on. Since Korean industries had first emergence of industrial safety and health policy in 1953, enormous efforts have been made on upgrading the relevant laws in order to reflect real situation of industrial work environment in accordance with rapid changes of Korean and global business over three decades. Nevertheless, current policy has major defects; too much techniques-based articles, diverged contents in less organization, combined enforcement and punishments and finally enforcing regulations full of commands and control. These deficiencies have make it difficult to accommodate changes of social, industrial and employment environment in customized fashion. The approach to the solution must be generic at the level of paradigm-shift rather than local modifications and enhancement. The basic idea is to establish a new system integrated with a risk assessment scheme, which encourages employers to apply to their work environment under comprehensive responsibility. The risk assessment scheme is designed to enable to inspect employers' compliances afterwards. A project comprises four yearly phases based on applying zones; initially designating and operating a specified risk zone, gradually expanding the special zones during a period of 3 years (2010-2012) and the final zone expanded to entire nation. In each phase, the intermediate version of the system is updated through a process of precise and unbiased validation in terms of its operability, feasibility and sustainability with building relevant infrastructures as needed.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 국가 생태분야 기후변화 리스크 평가와 연계한 적응 정책 및 연구의 방향성에 대한 시사점을 마련하고자 하였다. 본 논문에서 검토한 적응 정책과 연구에 대한 해외 모범사례의 공통점은 국가 적응정책 수립 시 과학적 근거기반 구축 및 불확실성 저감을 목표로 국가단위에서 기후변화가 생물다양성과 생태계에 미치는 영향 연구를 강조한다는 점이다. 이에 비추어 추후 국가 정책 마련 시 기후변화 협약과 생물다양성 협약 등 효율적 통합적 준수를 위한 적응체계를 유도하고, 적응의 경제적 가치평가를 통한 정책 반영, 과학적 연구 프로그램 강화 및 기술 개발의 측면을 보강하여 보다 성공적인 국가적응 정책 구조를 정착해 갈 수 있어야 할 것이다. 특히 생태계 분야 적응방안이 보다 실효성 있게 실행되기 위해서는 우리나라 서식지 및 종의 기후변화 리스크 요소(위해, 노출, 취약성)에 대한 과학적 진단과 분석을 바탕으로 리스크를 평가하고 이에 대한 적응방안을 통합하여 고민하는 노력이 필요할 것이다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제38권3호통권113호
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• pp.281-288
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• 2005

폐수배출시설별 BAT 평가제도는 폐수특성을 고려한 배출시설별 배출허용기준 설정, 오염총량관리기본계획 및 시행계획에 따른 오염부하삭감 가능량 산정, 신규오염물질에 대한 배출허용기준 산정 등 효율적인 산업폐수관리를 위해서 도입할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 외국사례와 국내 폐수배출시설들의 현황 등을 조사하여 국내여건에 적합한 BAT 평가방안을 제시하였다. 본 평가절차의 핵심은 폐수배출시설별 처리시설에 대한 환경인자, 경제적 수용가능성, 기술적 인자 및 경제성 등을 객관성 있고 전문적인 판단이 가능토록 한데 있다. 본 BAT 평가방안은 처리수준에 근거한 폐수배출시설별 배출허용기준마련 및 오염총량관리를 위한 기초 자료로 활용할 수 있으며, 신규오염물질 및 유해오염물질의 배출허용기준 마련 등 정책적${\cdot}$법적 제도개선에 유용하게 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.5-31
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• 1997

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is an assessment process integrated with policy and planning processes considering environmental impacts, not at the level of individual project, but at higher level of policy and plan. Presently, two systems for the SEA are being implemented in Korea. One is "the consultation of environmental investigation into a change in national land utilization", which is to be pre-discussed with the head of the related central administrative organizations, based on the respective individual code. The other is "the consultation of environmental investigation into an administrative plan and project", which is to be pre-discussed with the minister of the environments for the administrative plan. However, these two systems are not integrated procedures with the planning process. In other words, there is a separate post-environmental assessment after planning. Also concrete proposal is not yet prepared for the method and procedure of environmental investigation about details of the planning. Therefore, they do not playa role in taking precautions for environmentally sustainable development. In this study, for the effective environmental investigation at the level of planning, environmental assessment model to be integrated with urban comprehensive plans was developed. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, based on the analysis of systematic problems in environmental investigation of this country, the study compared and analysed the SEA method of foreign countries. derived the potential limitations in its applications to this country. Also, the new method in this study, is integrated into planning process by improving the limitations. Thus, we developed the SEA model for this country, which consists of seven steps ; Phase 1; establishing a work program, Phase 2; defining the scop. of the SEA, Phase 3; analyzing an existing environmental situation, Phase 4; examining the consistency with environmental policy, Phase 5; appraising and synthesizing the plan content, Phase 6; proposing recommendations, Phase 7; monitoring and feedback. Second, the two types of application program of the developed assessment model were proposed. One is to integrate this model into planning process, and the other is for the institute and ministry of environments to implement SEA after planning. An aim of this study was developing an environmental assessment model at the planning level which was not yet established in this country and was to apply the model to urban comprehensive plan for inspection. This research will make the effective operation of environmental investigation system possible at the planning level in this country and contribute to the environmental protection at the global level.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.441-448
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• 2011

According to the Korean government policy of expanding HACCP system application to food chain from farm to meat market, the importance of HACCP assessment to keep balance among the certified HACCP plants is urged. The objective of this study is to recommend more effective HACCP assessment methods. We reviewed major foreign countries HACCP implementation policy focused on the audit system, and compared with the Korean HACCP assessment system. We found that the checklist guidelines of prerequisite program were not enough for precise evaluation and many of the items were not directly related to the risk occurrences. And current rating grade for each items and judgments were inadequate to induce non-compliances and corrections for better HACCP implementation. We suggest revision points as follows; (1) checklists should be revised and reorganized according to the possibility of risk occurrences, (2) all the items should be supported by detailed guidelines for more objective inspection, (3) non-compliances identified must be reconfirmed after correction, (4) the items for HACCP plan should be divided into an accreditation inspection and a regular inspection, (5) rating grade 'high', 'medium', 'low', 'failure' was better for indicating non-compliances.

• 한국노년학
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.453-466
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 정책 비교를 통한 한국의 장기요양보험 제도가 중국 청도의 장기요양보험 시스템 구축에 미치는 영향과 시사점을 검토하는데 있다. 중국과 한국의 문화배경, 생활습관 및 인구구조 등 다양한 측면에서 매우 유사하여 한국 장기요양보험의 성공적인 경험은 중국 청도의 장기요양보험 제도를 구축하는 데 큰 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다. 이에 본 연구는 문헌연구를 통해 Gilbert & Terrell의 사회복지정책분석 프레임워크에서 청도와 한국의 장기요양보험 정책을 비교해 보았다. 정책비교를 통해 청도의 현재 시범 정책 문제점들로 입법 지원 부족, 재정 독립 그리고 심사 기준 등이 명확하지 않고 인적자원 부족을 논의하였다. 이에 다양한 차원에서의 정책비교를 통해 법제 지원, 평가기준 상세화, 혜택범주 확대화, 서비스네트워크 강화, 재원 최적화를 위해 청도의 장기요양보험 개선 제안들을 결론으로 제시해 보았다.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.304-318
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• 2007

본 연구는 경상북도를 사례로 1990년대 말부터 추진한 재래시장 활성화 정책의 효과를 평가해보는데 주된 목적이 있다. 재래시장 활성화를 위해 추진한 시장의 시설현대화와 경영현대화사업의 효과에 대한 정성적 평가결과, 각각 그 효과는 미약한 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 기존의 재래시장 활성화 정책이 재래시장의 공간경쟁력 강화에 대한 고려가 부족하였기 때문으로 보인다. 이에 본 연구에서는 재래시장의 공간경쟁력을 강화하는데 역점을 둔 대안적인 재래시장 활성화 정책을 모색 제안하였다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.903-916
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• 2012

We need to use aesthetic landscape assessment(ALA) as the means of riparian buffer zone(RBZ) management. This study verified the political validity of designation policy of RBZ and land purchase policy. The purpose of this study was to propose RBZ landscape management strategies through ALA of RBZ in Gyeongan Stream for the better attractive and healthy riparian landscapes. The natural type landscape units(LUs) covered 40.9% of the entire area and the cultivated land type LUs covered 20.58%. Landscape assessment consisted of landscape quality and landscape integration assessment. The criteria for assessing landscape quality(LQ) were naturalness, interest, uniqueness, and landscape function. LQ was ranked into five grades using a matrix. The landscape integration assessment consisted of an inner integration assessment in each LU and outer integration assessment among LUs. To review the propriety of designating the riparian area and the riparian ecological belt, differences in ecological appraisal and aesthetic valuation were reviewed through a t-test, Oneway ANOVA, and logistic analysis. The results of ALA, 29.15% of the entire area scored at grade 1 in LQ, while 31.95% scored at grade 5, indicating that grade 5 areas occupied a high share. Surveyed areas were divided into designated RBZ and undesignated RBZ. Results indicated that designated RBZ scored grade 1 in LQ took up 33.2% of the total, significantly higher than the 23.3% taken up by undesignated RBZ. When examined according to buffer distance, grade 1 areas within 50m took up 50.2% of the total area, lower than the 32.7% at buffer distances of 500m-1km. Results indicated a 1% statistically significant difference. Accordingly, analysis was undertaken for the expansion of designation of the riparian area and the selection of appropriate land for formation of a riparian ecological belt, and was designated at priority 1 and 2 for land purchase. This study can also contribute to the formation of a riverine eco-belt through discovery of design factors for upgrading the ecology, aesthetics, and landscape of the riparian area and application in determining land purchase priorities.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1244-1249
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• 2007

Pursuing sustainable development throughout society and industry and the field of environmental policy, each international organization or nation has performed international standardization projects on environmental management activities for their system as well as environmental assessment for a product such as life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle inventory database (LCI DB), and the environmental aspects have been increasingly demanded as crucial evaluation specifications. Moreover, the conventional environmental policy, which represents the direct-control, has been more dependent on the market forces and product itself after the Climate Change Convention., and the Integrated Product Policy (IPP, EU) is applied vigorously to strengthen global competitiveness of a product and to achieve the effect of environmental improvement for it. According to change of the international railway market, the value of Eco-Design has been increasingly important in developed countries including EU. Thus, each country is establishing its own guidelines, software and database for each product, and developing new policies through Eco-Design with practical results in marketing. To react this and develop Korean railway as an environment-friendly industry with priority to other transportation system as well as maintain high place in technology, the direction of RACE software development of main function is introduced, which is exclusively used for EMU to assess both environmental and economic aspects with LCA and eco-efficiency (EE).