• 폴리머
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.699-704
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• 2012

경구투여를 통한 친수성 약물의 방출조절을 위하여 이중층으로 된 고분자 담체를 설계하였다. 생체고분자인 alginate와 chitosan은 각각 극성 흡수성분으로, poly(D,L-lactide)는 소수성 피막으로, 그리고 theophylline과 diclofenac sodium은 모델 약물로 사용하였다. 담체는 지연방출과 이어지는 지속방출을 위하여 외부 껍질은 poly(D,L-lactide)로, 내부중심은 약물과 함께 알지네이트 또는 키토산으로 구성되어진 이중층의 미립구 담체로 성형하였다. 담체와 약물간의 극성 조합으로 인한 담체의 모폴로지와 약물방출 거동을 조사하였다. 담체와 약물 그리고 pH 환경의 상대적 극성이 약물방출 특성에 상당한 영향이 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.347-356
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• 2006

It is reported that a fermented soybean food, Doenjang, has srong antimutagenic and cytotoxic effect on cancer cells. This study investigated the effect of Chungkookjang, another traditional popular Korean soybean fermented food, on growth of cancer cells: HL-60, SNU-638 and MCF-7, and also its in vivo antitumorigenic effect in DMBA-induced mammary tumor rat model. For the in vitro study, Chungkookjang and steamed soybeans were extracted with ethanol and sequentially fractioned with 5 kinds of solvents differing in grades of polarity such as hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, butanol and water. Almost all Chungkookjang extracts significantly inhibited the growth of HL-60 (human leukemic cancer cell), SNU-638 (human gastric cancer cell) and MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell) when compared to steamed soybean extracts. Butanol fraction of Chungkookjang extract especially showed a remarkable inhibitory effect in all the three kinds of cancer cells. To induce a mammary gland tumor, DMBA (50 mg/BW) was administered to 50 day-old female rats and followed by Chungkookjang or steamed soybean supplemented diets. Freezedried Chungkookjang powder (20% of diet in wet weight) was added to AIN-93G based diet for the Chungkookjang group of rats. Likewise, steamed soybean powder containing equal protein content to that of Chungkookjang powder was supplemented to soybean group of rats. At 13 weeks later, the mammary tumor incidence, average tumor number and tumor weight a rat were lower in Chungkookjang group compared to the control or soybean group. In conclusion, Chungkookjang showed a strong inhibitory effect on cancer cell growth in vitro, as well as a more preventive effect against chemically induced mammary tumorigenesis in vivo, while steamed soybeans did not. Therefore, these results suggest that Chungkookjang acquire its anticancer activity through the fermentation process.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2007년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.35-41
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• 2007

An International Convention on the control of harmful anti-fouling system on ships(AFS Convention) was adopted on 5 October 2001 at Diplomatic Conference in London, and is expected to be presently effectuated with ratification of more than 25-member nations possessing about 25% of total world tonnage. This convention regulates the operation of harmful anti-fouling system and especially prohibits the use of organotin compounds contained in anti-fouling paint. Organotin compounds have a tendency to be easily extracted by specific solvents and have high polarity and low volatility as specific characteristics. This drives us to attempt of going through the process named derivatization that is required in analysis using a gas chromatography(GC). This study was conducted to determine the proper pre-treatment method, ethylation in comparison with hydridization on the analysis of tributyltin in organotin compounds and to verify the application of the method through the experimental analysis practically used anti-fouling paint and painted layer sample of the served ship.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2004

Acrylamide, difficult to analyze by GC and GC/MS due to the polarity and low volatility, was analyzed by LC/ESI/MS in the study. Acrylamide its(molecular weight 71amu) showed m/z=72 $(M+H)^+$ and high peak intensity at 22V in SIR mode. The mass spectrum ratios of acrylamide for qualitative identification had m/z=72 in precursor ion and m/z=55 in products ion, respectively. Those ratios at 30V in SIR mode ranged from 1: 1.4 to 1:1.17 despite various acrylamide concentrations. The ion intensity ratios of acrylamide $(m/z=72,\; [M+H]^+)$ to acrylamide isotopes $(m/z=73,\;[M+H]^+)$ ranged from 100 : 3.57 to 100 : 3.92. The results verified theoretical mass spectrum ratio that was 100:3.82. The linearity of standard calibration curve was y : 520.584x + 1815.26 with $r^2=0.99.$ In quality assurance and quality control, the recovery rate ranged from 81.64 percent to 90.97 percent and relative standard deviation was less than $10\%$ with 5 repeated injections at individual standard calibration solutions. The method was applied to analyze acrylamide in food at grocery stores. Snacks made of potatoes showed the highest acrylamide concentration followed by products made of French fries, wheat, and corn.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 1999년도 Pre-symposium of the 10th ISWPC Recent Advances in Paper Science and Technology
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• pp.309-314
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• 1999

With a view to seek the influence of hollow sphere pigments of latex upon the printed color on coated paper surface, the hollow sphere pigments were compared with filled ones in a variety of experimental approaches. Colloidal properties of latices were determined by measuring zeta potential and particle size distribution. For the amphoteric filled sphere pigment of latex, the polarity was reversed from the negative side to the positive side with decreasing pH. An extraordinarily high peak in the particle size distribution of the amphoteric filled evidenced aggregation between latex particles near the isoelectric point, depending on the electrolyte concentration and pH of the suspending medium. Coated papers containing the hollow sphere pigment in their coating improved optical properties like gloss and brightness. Optical parameters solely of the coating could account for this finding. An equation derived from the Kubelka-Munk equation calculated them fro twice measurements of reflectance of a coated paper over two substrates of different reflectances. This method permitted to predict brightness of coated paper of which coat weight would be different fro the actual one. The colorimetric parameters of solid-printed surfaces of the coated papers closely related to optical and structural properties of the coated papers. The color of the printed surfaces was dominated by the brightness and the smoothness of the coated papers. The hollow sphere pigments were proved to improve optical properties of coated paper and to control minutely colorimetric parameters of printed surfaces.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.1068-1076
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• 1997

Emission control of acid exhaust gases from coal-fired power plants and waste incinerators has become an increasing concern of both industries and regulators. Among those gaseous emissions, SO$_{2}$ has been eliminated by a Spray Drying Absorber (SDA) system, where the exhaust gas is mixed with atomized limestone-water slurry droplets and then the chemical reaction of SO$_{2}$ with alkaline components of the liquid feed forms sulfates. Liquid atomization is necessary because it maximizes the reaction efficiency by increasing the total surface area of the alkaline components. An experimental study was performed with a laboratory scale SDA to investigate whether the scrubbing efficiency for SO$_{2}$ reduction increased or not with the application of a DC electric field to the limestone-water slurry. For a selected experimental condition SO$_{2}$ concentrations exited from the reactor were measured with various applied voltages and liquid flow rates. The applied voltage varied from -10 to 10 kV by 1 kV, and the volume flow rate of slurry was set to 15, 25, 35 ml/min which were within the range of emission mode. Consequently, the SO$_{2}$ scrubbing efficiency increased with increasing the applied voltage but was independent of the polarity of the applied voltage. For the electrical and flow conditions considered a theoretical study of estimating average size and charge of the atomized droplets was carried out based on the measured current-voltage characteristics. The droplet charge to mass ratio increased and the droplet diameter decreased as the strength of the applied voltage increased.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2015

기존의 MEMS 기반 루버 및 셔터 개폐형 가변 방사율 라디에이터는 온도 조건에 따라 방사율이 가변되어 효율적인 열 제어가 가능하나 발사 환경에서의 기계적 구동부의 취약점과 변경된 방사율 유지를 위해 지속적인 전력 소모가 요구되는 단점을 갖는다. 본 연구에서 제안한 MEMS 기반 가변 방사율 라디에이터는 대전되는 비드를 사용하여 전극의 극성 변화에 따라 방사율 가변이 가능하기 때문에 상기의 문제점을 극복할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 MEMS 기반 가변 방사율 라디에이터의 광학 물성치 최적화 설계를 수행하였으며, 고정 방사율 라디에이터와의 비교를 통해 MEMS 기반 가변 방사율 라디에이터의 유효성을 입증하였다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
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• 제51권10호
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• pp.581-586
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• 2002

To improve the current waveform of diode rectifiers, we propose a new operating principle for the voltage-doubler diode rectifiers. In the conventional voltage-doubler rectifier circuit, relatively large capacitors are used to boost the output voltage, while the proposed circuit uses smaller ones and a small reactor not to boost the output voltage but improve the input current waveform. A circuit design method is shown by experimentation and confirmed simulation. The experimental results of the proposed diode rectifier satisfies the harmonic guide lines. A high input power factor of 97(%) and an efficiency of 98[%] are also obtained. The new rectifier with no controlled switches meet the harmonic guide lines, resulting in a simple, reliable and low-cost at-to dc converters in comparison with the boost-type current-improving circuits. This paper proposes a nonlinear impedance circuit composed by diodes and inductors or capacitors. This circuit needs no control circuits and switches, and the impedance value is changed by the polarity of current or voltage. And this paper presents one of these applications to improve the input current of capacitor input diode rectifiers. The rectifier using the nonlinear impedance circuit is constructed with four diodes and four capacitors in addition to the conventional rectifiers, that is, it has eight diodes and five capacitors, including a DC link capacitor. It makes harmonic components of the input current reduction and the power factor improvement. Half pulse-width modulated (HPWM) inverter was explained compared with conventional pulse width modulated(PWM) inverter. Proposed HPWM inverter eliminated dead-time by lowering switching loss and holding over-shooting.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.373-379
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• 2005

Schroeder 방식의 1 Dimension QRD(quadratic Residue Diffuser)를 사용하여 잔향실 내부에서의 필드 균일성이 향상됨을 밝힌 연구는 이미 수 차례 발표된 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 $2.3\;\cal{GHz}\~3\;\cal{GHz}$대역에서, 전자파 잔향실의 전자기장 특성 및 필드의 균일도 향상을 위해 잔향실 내에 Schroeder 방식의 CRD(Cubical Residue Diffuser)가 설계 및 적용되었고 필드 분포 해석을 위해 FDTD(Finite-Difffrence Time-Domain) 방법의 수치해석이 이루어졌다. 잔향실 내부의 확산기는 cubical residue algorithm과 2D 배열을 사용함으로써 더욱더 random한 형태를 이루었으며 결과적으로 CRD를 사용함으로써 잔향실 내에서의 편파 특성, 표준 편차 및 tolerance 등의 성능이 좋아지는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 2D CRD의 경우, 전력 효율도 높아짐을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 춘계합동학술대회 논문집
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• pp.172-175
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• 2002

The technique of induced discharge by a pulsed CO2 laser is being applied to control electrical discharge path, material processing, triggered lightning for protecting the power equipments. In this paper, we have investigated about the characteristics of the induced discharge at atmospheric conditions by using a plasma channel, which is produced when a pulsed CO2 laser radiation is focused by a focusing mirror as a trigger source. A plasma channel produced by laser radiation has an effect on decreasing the threshold voltage and inducing the discharge in both needle electrodes. We have confirmed a delay time between a produced plasma channel and an electrical discharge after laser radiation. We provided the decreased voltage lower than the natural discharge voltage between electrode type of needles and was induced the discharge by forming a plasma channel between them. In this research we could understand the time delay of induced discharge by laser radiation, and the characteristics of the discharge cause by the decrease in the threshold voltage, and the polarity effect by changes of plasma channel positions between two electrodes.