• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.168-174
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• 2010

South Korea's industrial injuries are decreasing overall in the last 32 years. Nevertheless, the fatal occupational injury rate is still higher than in developed countries. This study was conducted to help prevention strategies of occupational injuries for the Republic of Korea. Fatal occupational injury rates were obtained from "Industrial Accident Analysis"of the Korean Ministry of Labor. Poisson regression was used to assess time trends. Socioeconomic indicators were obtained from the Korea Labor Institute and the Statistics Korea. Fatal occupational injury rates were adjusted by year, and Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between the socio-economic indicators and occupational injuries. In 1975, fatal occupational injury rate was 54.8 per 100,000 workers. With somewhat up and down, it was decreased to 21.0 in 2006. An annual rate of change for the years 1975-2006 was - 1.83%, and for the years 2002-2006 was -5.02%. As economic growth rate, paricipation rate for the age less than 25 and hours of work per week or year increased, fatal occupational injury rate also increased. Conversely, as GDP per capita, paricipation rate or employment rate for female, paricipation rate for the age 25 or more, hourly compensation costs for production workers and services output as percent of GDP increased, fatal occupational injury rate decreased. By the development of safety techniques and the adoption of more legislative constraints, developed economy reduce occupational injuries. Conversely, economic growth may raise occupational injuries. Therefore, prevention strategies are needed to manage both of them. We need to make an effort to prevent occupational injuries due to not only sexual differences, but also job differences between male and female. Preventive strategies are needed to consider the characteristics of younger workers. Addition to wage, other appropriate variables for work condition should be considered together. Extending work hours is need to be regulated with systemic methods.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.359-365
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• 2005

Objectives : An abrupt economic decline may widen the socioeconomic differences in health between the advantaged and disadvantaged in a society. The aim of this study was to examine whether the South Korean economic crisis of 1997-98 affected the socioeconomic inequality from all-causes and from cause-specific mortality between 1995 and 2001. Methods : Population denominators were obtained from the registration population data, with the number of death (numerators) calculated from raw death certificate data. The indicator used to assess the geographic socioeconomic position was the per capita regional tax revenue. Administrative districts (Si-Gun-Gu) were ranked according to this socioeconomic measure, and divided into equal population size quintiles on the basis of this ranking. The sex- and 5-year age-specific numbers of the population and deaths were used to compute the sex- and age-adjusted mortality rates (via direct standardization method), standardized mortality ratios (via indirect standardization methods) and relative indices of inequality (RII) (via Poisson regression). Results : Geographic inequalities from all-causes of mortality, as measured by RII, did not increase as a result of the economic crisis (from 1998-2001). This was true for both sexes and all age groups. However, the cause-specific analyses showed that socioeconomic inequalities in mortalities from external causes were affected by South Korean economic crisis. For males, the RIIs for mortalities from transport accidents and intentional self-harm increased between 1995 and 2001. For females, the RII for mortality from intentional self-harm increased during the same period. Conclusions : The South Korean economic crisis widened the geographic inequality in mortalities from major external causes. This increased inequality requires social discourse and counter policies with respect to the rising health inequalities in the South Korean society.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.95-106
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• 2012

고속의 주행속도로 고속도로를 주행하는 운전자는 교통사고 예방을 위하여 일반도로 운전자와 비교하여 도로선형, 교통상황, 환경요인에 보다 신속하고 능동적으로 반응해야 한다. 특히 야간 및 일출몰 시간대에는 운전자의 도로선형변화 인지 능력이 주간 보다 떨어질 수 있으므로, 이러한 시간대에 발생하는 교통사고와 도로기하구조 특성을 체계적으로 분석하고 대응방안을 도출 것은 고속도로 교통안전 제고를 위해 대단히 중요한 작업이다. 본 연구에서는 교통안전과 고속도로의 기하구조의 특성과의 관계를 주간과 야간으로 비교하여 분석하였다. 또한 일출 및 일몰과 같이 태양의 고도가 운전자의 전방 상황주시에 영향을 주는 환경에서 도로의 선형과 교통안전과의 관계를 추가로 분석하여 위험한 도로조건을 찾고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 이를 위해 사고발생 시간대를 주간, 야간, 일출몰 3가지로 나누어 포아송회귀분석과 음이항회귀분석을 활용하여 고속도로 교통사고빈도 모형을 도출하였다. 분석대상 구간은 전국 고속도로 중 제한속도를 110km/h로 운영 중인 서해안선, 중부선, 중부내륙선으로 설정하였으며, 분석구간의 2007년~2010년 4년간 교통사고 자료를 활용하였다. 분석결과 시간대에 따라 교통사고에 영향을 미치는 요인들은 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 고속도로 교통사고 예방을 위해 야간 및 일출몰 시간대에 운전자의 안전운전을 지원할 수 있는 다양한 대응방안을 수립하는데 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The Recaller app was developed to help individuals record their food intakes. This pilot study evaluated the usability of this new food picture application (app), which operates on a smartphone with an embedded camera and Internet capability. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Adults aged 19 to 28 years (23 males and 22 females) were assigned to use the Recaller app on six designated, nonconsecutive days in order to capture an image of each meal and snack before and after eating. The images were automatically time-stamped and uploaded by the app to the Recaller website. A trained nutritionist administered a 24-hour dietary recall interview 1 day after food images were taken. Participants' opinions of the Recaller app and its usability were determined by a follow-up survey. As an evaluation indicator of usability, the number of images taken was analyzed and multivariate Poisson regression used to model the factors determining the number of images sent. RESULTS: A total of 3,315 food images were uploaded throughout the study period. The median number of images taken per day was nine for males and 13 for females. The survey showed that the Recaller app was easy to use, and 50% of the participants would consider using the app daily. Predictors of a higher number of images were as follows: greater interval (hours) between the first and last food images sent, weekend, and female. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this pilot study provide valuable information for understanding the usability of the Recaller smartphone food picture app as well as other similarly designed apps. This study provides a model for assisting nutrition educators in their collection of food intake information by using tools available on smartphones. This innovative approach has the potential to improve recall of foods eaten and monitoring of dietary intake in nutritional studies.

• 한국신뢰성학회지:신뢰성응용연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.90-100
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• 2015

Reliability growth rate (or reliability growth curve slope) have the two cases of trend as a constant or changing one during the reliability growth testing. The changing case is very common situation. The reasons of reliability growth rate changing are that the failures to follow the NHPP (None-Homogeneous Poisson Process), and the solutions implemented during test to break out other problems or not to take out all of the root cause permanently. If the changing were big, the "Goodness of Fit (GOF)" of reliability growth curve to test data would be very low and then reduce the accuracy of assessing result with test data. In this research, we are using Duane model and AMSAA model for assessing test data and projecting the reliability level of complex and repairable system as like construction equipment and vehicle. In case of no changing in reliability growth rate, it is reasonable for reliability engineer to implement the original Duane model (1964) and Crow-AMSAA model (1975) for the assessment and projection activity. However, in case of reliability growth rate changing, it is necessary to find the method to increase the "GOF" of reliability growth curves to test data. To increase GOF of reliability growth curves, it is necessary to find the proper parameter calculation method of interesting reliability growth models that are applicable to the situation of reliability growth rate changing. Since the Duane and AMSAA models have a characteristic to get more strong influence from the initial test (or failure) data than the latest one, the both models have a limitation to contain the latest test data information that is more important and better to assess test data in view of accuracy, especially when the reliability growth rate changing. The main objective of this research is to find the parameter calculation method to reflect the latest test data in the case of reliability growth rate changing. According to my experience in vehicle and construction equipment developments over 18 years, over the 90% in the total development cases are with such changing during the developing test. The objective of this research was to develop the newly assessing method and the process for GOF level increasing in case of reliability growth rate changing that would contribute to achieve more accurate assessing and projecting result. We also developed the new evaluation method for GOF that are applicable to the both models as Duane and AMSAA, so it is possible to compare it between models and check the effectiveness of new parameter calculation methods in any interesting situation. These research results can reduce the decision error for development process and business control with the accurately assessing and projecting result.

• 한국인구학
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.107-135
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 우리나라 가구의 자녀수 결정요인을 Count 모형을 이용하여 분석하였다. 분석 기법으로는 자녀수가 감마(Gamma) count 분포를 따른다는 가정 하에 기본적인 회귀분석과 40세 이하 기혼여성의 완결출산에 대한 대리변수로 예상출산자녀수에 대한 회귀분석, 허들모형 그리고 기혼여성의 노동시장 참여와 자녀출산간의 내생성을 고려한 모형을 각각 이용하여 다각적인 방법론으로 출산결정요인을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 가구의 소득수준이 높을수록 40세 이상 기혼여성의 자녀수는 많은 것으로 나타나는 반면, $18{\sim}39$세 기혼여성의 경우에는 소득이 자녀수에 큰 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 보인다. 기혼여성의 경제활동참여는 39세 이하의 비교적 젊은 여성들에게서 출산 예상자녀수에 부정적인 영향을 주는 것을 뚜렷이 확인할 수 있고, 출산과 경제활동참여 간에는 내생성이 존재하는 것으로 확인되었다. 허들모형을 이용한 결과, 기혼여성의 학력은 자녀출산 여부에는 긍정적으로 작용할 수 있으나 자녀수 결정에는 부정적으로 작용하여 기혼여성 학력이 높을수록 출산율은 감소하게 된다. 다양한 회귀분석 결과에 근거할 때 Becker의 Quantity-Quality 모형의 핵심내용은 우리나라의 자녀수 결정에 있어서도 대체적으로 적용됨을 확인할 수 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권20호
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• pp.8779-8782
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• 2014

Background: Malignancies of the female reproductive tract are estimated to be the third most common group of cancers in women. Objectives: We here aimed to present their epidemiological features in Golestan province located in Northeast of Iran. Materials and Methods: Data on primary female reproductive cancers diagnosed between 2004-2010 were obtained from Golestan Population-based Cancer Registry (GPCR). CanReg-4 and SPSS software were used for data entry and analysis. Age standardized incidence rates (ASR) (per 100,000 person-years) were calculated using the world standard population. Poisson regression analysis was used to compare incidence rates. P-values of less than 0.05 were considered as significant. Results: A total of 6,064 cancer cases were registered in Golestan females in the GPCR during 2004-2010, of which 652 cases (11%) were female reproductive cancers. Cancers of the ovary (ASR=6.03) and cervix (ASR=4.97) were the most common. We found significant higher rates in females living in cities than in villages. Our results showed a rapid increase in age specific incidence rates of female reproductive cancers at the age of 30 years. Conclusions: We found significant higher rates of female reproductive cancers among residents of cities than villages. Differences in the prevalence of risk factors including reproductive behavior between the two populations may partly explain such diversity. Our results also showed a rapid increase in incidence rates of these cancers in young age females. Further studies are warranted to determine risk factors of female reproductive cancers in our population.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.1684-1688
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• 2017

Objective: From a review of published information on genetic association studies, a meta-analysis was conducted to determine the influence of the genes ${\kappa}-casein$ (CSN3) and ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$ (LGB) on milk yield traits in Holstein, Jersey, Brown Swiss, and Fleckvieh. Methods: The GLIMMIX procedure was used to analyze milk production and percentage of protein and fat in milk. Models included the main effects and all their possible two-way interactions; not estimable effects and non-significant (p>0.05) two-way interactions were dropped from the models. The three traits analyzed used Poisson distribution and a log link function and were determined with the Interactive Data Analysis of SAS software. Least square means and multiple mean comparisons were obtained and performed for significant main effects and their interactions (p<0.0255). Results: Interaction of breed by gene showed that Holstein and Fleckvieh were the breeds on which CSN3 ($6.01%{\pm}0.19%$ and $5.98%{\pm}0.22%$), and LGB ($6.02%{\pm}0.19%$ and $5.70%{\pm}0.22%$) have the greatest influence. Interaction of breed by genotype nested in the analyzed gene indicated that Holstein and Jersey showed greater influence of the CSN3 AA genotype, $6.04%{\pm}0.22%$ and $5.59%{\pm}0.31%$ than the other genotypes, while LGB AA genotype had the largest influence on the traits analyzed, $6.05%{\pm}0.20%$ and $5.60%{\pm}0.19%$, respectively. Furthermore, interaction of type of statistical model by genotype nested in the analyzed gene indicated that CSN3 and LGB genes had similar behavior, maintaining a difference of more than 7% across analyzed genotypes. These results could indicate that both Holstein and Jersey have had lower substitution allele effect in selection programs that include CSN3 and LGB genes than Brown Swiss and Fleckvieh. Conclusion: Breed determined which genotypes had the greatest association with analyzed traits. The mixed model based in Bayesian or Ridge Regression was the best alternative to analyze CSN3 and LGB gene effects on milk yield and protein and fat percentages.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.131-143
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• 2012

그동안 다양한 도로설계 안전성 평가 연구는 교통사고다발지역인 교차로에 집중되어 왔다. 또한 도로구간에서는 특정한 기하구조 요인이 교통사고율에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대한 연구는 일부 수행되었으나, 도로구간에서의 안전성 평가를 위한 다양한 원인분석을 위한 연구는 여전히 미진한 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구는 지방부 도로구간에서의 안전성 평가를 위해 도로구간을 지방부 2차로 도로와 다차로 도로구간으로 구분하여 통계적 기법을 적용하였다. 일반적으로 도로구간에서의 교통사고는 "0"의 빈도가 높게 나타나므로 통계적 분석 시에 이를 고려해야만 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 사고의 비선형적 요소를 설명하는 허들모형이 전통적인 포아송 및 음이항모형보다 도로구간에서의 발생하는 교통사고의 성격을 설명하는데 더욱 적절한 것으로 판단하여 분석을 시작하였다. 본 연구에서는 지방부 도로구간에서의 사고빈도 예측모형 개발 및 도로구간 안전성 평가를 위해서 지방부 2차로 도로구간과 다차로 도로구간으로 구분하였으며, 모델분석결과 교통사고를 유발시키는 변수가 각각의 유형에 따라 서로 다른 것으로 분석되었다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.125-136
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• 2005

현재 도로사업의 타당성 조사 시 사용하는 교통사고 감소편익 산정시 도로등급별로 사고율을 일률적으로 적용하고 있고, 도로특성 및 V/C에 따른 특성이 고려되고 있지 못하고 있다. 이와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는 도로유형별 V/C 및 교통 특성을 반영하여 사고를 예측할 수 있는 모형을 개발하여 도로의 신설 및 개량에서 그 도로의 안전성을 평가할 수 있는 방법론을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서는 초기 단계로서 도시지역 도로를 대상으로 하여 모형을 개발하였다. 우선 도로유형별로 사고에 영향을 미치는 요인을 선정하였다. 이 때 선정 기준은 도로설계단계에서 획득할 수 있는 자료를 위주로 선정하였으며. 교통량, 중앙분리대의 유 무, 교차점수. 연결로수, 횡단신호등수 그리고 차로수를 선정하였다. 각 요인과 사고와의 관계를 분석해 본 결과 모두 통계적으로 유의한 수준에서 상관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 도로의 등급 및 V/C에 따라 4가지 유형으로 분류하고, 각각에 대하여 포아송 선형회귀식을 통하여 사고예측모형을 도출하였으며, 실제 자료를 이용하여 검증하였다. 검증결과 모형식의 결과가 실제 사고 자료에 대해 비교적 양호하게 추정력을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 V/C에 따른 도로유형별 사고예측모형을 개발함으로써 도로의 물리적인 특성으로 인한 교통사고예측이 가능하고, 이 결과를 도로의 신설 및 개량에 대한 타당성 조사시 사고비용을 추정하는데 활용할 수 있을 것이라 판단된다. 본 연구에서 이용한 자료가 전라북도 한 지역으로 한정되어있어 전국적인 대표성을 지니는 데에는 한계가 있을 수 있다는 사실을 밝히고자한다.