• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1987

The distribution of the surface charges in two kinds of peats and their physico-chemical properties have a been studied by means of the potentiometric titration and by ion adsorption in different strength of electrolytes. The organic matter contents were 43.3% and 53.7% in Yeong Yang peat and Peong Tack peat, respectively. Their X-ray diffractograms showed that quartz was dominant in both peats, and illite, kaolinite, hydrated-halloysite and feldspars were contained in a trace. Total acidic group contents was 1.257me/g in Poeng Tack peat that was a little more than of Peong Yang heat were pKa values of Yeong Yang and Poeng Tack peat were 13.1 and 12.65, respectively. The titration curves at different ionic strength of electrolytes crossed at pH 3.9 and 4.4 in Yeong Yang peat, and pH 3.8 and 4.0 in Peong Tack peat. The pH ranges of suspensions when the net surfacecharge of the peats varied from positive to negative value were $pH\;4.55{\sim}5.20\;(NaCl)$ and $pH\;3.95{\sim}5.70\;(CaCl_2)$ in Yeong Fang peat, and $pH\;4.15{\sim}5.40\;(NaCl)$ and $pH\;3.80{\sim}4.15\;(CaCl_2)$ in Peong Tack peat. Therefore it is apparent that the zero point of charge of these peats was about pH 4.0.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.851-864
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• 2015

This study analyzed the climate regime shift using statistical change-point analysis on the time-series tropical cyclone (TC) frequency that affected Japan in July to September. The result showed that there was a significant change in 1995 and since then, it showed a trend of rapidly decreasing frequency. To determine the reason for this, differences between 1995 to 2012 (9512) period and 1978 to 1994 (7894) period were analayzed. First, regarding TC genesis, TCs during the 9512 period showed a characteristic of genesis from the southeast quadrant of the tropical and subtropical western North Pacific and TCs during the 7894 period showed their genesis from the northwest quadrant. Regarding a TC track, TCs in the 7894 period had a strong trend of moving from the far east sea of the Philippines via the East China Sea to the mid-latitude region in East Asia while TCs in the 9512 period showed a trend of moving from the Philippines toward the southern part of China westward. Thus, TC intensity in the 7894 period, which can absorb sufficient energy from the sea as they moved a long distance over the sea, was stronger than that of 9512. Large-scale environments were analyzed to determine the cause of such difference in TC activity occurred between two periods. During the 9512 period, anomalous cold and dry anticyclones were developed strongly in the East Asia continent. As a result, Korea and Japan were affected by the anomalous northerlies thereby preventing TCs in this period from moving toward the mid-latitude region in East Asia. Instead, anomalous easterlies (anomalous trade wind) were developed in the tropical western Pacific so that a high passage frequency from the Philippine to the south China region along the anomalous steering flows was revealed. The characteristics of the anomalous cold and dry anticyclone developed in the East Asia continent were also confirmed by the analysis of air temperature, relative humidity and sensible heat net flux showing that most regions in East Asia had negative values.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 2002

This study was carried out to test the effects of temperatures between 2$0^{\circ}C$ and 3$0^{\circ}C$ on the reproduction and development of the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus. Preoviposition periods were much longer (17.2 to 51.0 days) in the overwintering adult females collected in March than those collected in May, regardless of temperature. Oviposition periods, however, were longer (16.9 to 22.0 days) in the adult females collected in May than those collected in March at the same temperatures. The longer oviposition period observed in the females collected in May were directly associated with higher fecundity. Egg periods were shortened from as temperature increased, but the hatching rate was highest (100%) at 27$^{\circ}C$. The developmental periods from egg to adult were shortened as temperature increased : from 77.9 days at 2$0^{\circ}C$ to 38.3 days at 3$0^{\circ}C$. The developmental zero point temperature (T) and the total effect temperature (K) for egg were 16.3$^{\circ}C$ and 62.1 dgree days, respectively. The T and K from egg to adult emergence were 13.9$^{\circ}C$ and 577.6 dgree days, respectively. The adult females of the first generation did not oviposit at 2$0^{\circ}C$, but did at $25^{\circ}C$ and 3$0^{\circ}C$. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r$_{m}$) increased as temperature augmented. Net reproductive rate (Ro) per generation was highest (75.3) at $25^{\circ}C$.>.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.420-427
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• 2020

A repebody, an artificial non-immunoglobulin protein scaffold, is expected to be a solution in the search for faster, cheaper, and customizable antibodies. However, the production of medical repebodies remains difficult due to their low yield and the complex purification processes required. The Pseudomonas fluorescens ABC transporter system has been suggested as an efficient and cost-effective method for repebody production, but the total yield is low because of the secreted protein's positive charge; thus, a repebody with a high isoelectric point needs to be changed into a more negatively charged protein for better secretion. To achieve this, we first attached oligo-aspartic acids to the N- and C-terminals of the repebody, but secretion efficiency was not enhanced significantly. Subsequently, we devised an alternative method for improved secretion efficiency by engineering fifteen positively charged amino acids to aspartic acid in the non-antigen binding sites of the repebody to give a high net negative charge. As a result, secretion efficiency was greatly enhanced from 21.2% (wildtype) to 58.5% (negatively supercharged). The negatively supercharged repebody was succussfully produced extracellularly by ABC transporter secretion system in P. fluorescens.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.227-234
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• 2011

Many technologies for wireless internet are increasing as more and more laptop computers, net books, smart phone and other terminals, which provide wireless network, are created. IEEE 802.11 is computer wireless network technology that used in small area, called wireless LAN or Wi-Fi. IEEE 802.11 is a set of standards for implementing wireless local area network (WLAN) computer communication in the 2.4, 3.6 and 5 GHz frequency bands. They are created and maintained by the IEEE LAN/MAN Standards Committee (IEEE 802). AP (Access Point) is installed at cafes and public places providing wireless environment. It is more convenient to use wireless internet, however, It can be seen easily around us and possible to communicate with AP. IEEE 802.11 has many vulnerability, such as packet manipulation and information disclosure, so we should pay more attention when using IEEE 802.11. Therefore this paper developing monitoring system which can find out AP and Stations that connect with it, and capturing AP's information to find out vulnerability. This paper suggests monitoring system which traffic analysis in wireless environment.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.90-96
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• 1999

Foliar and physiological characteristics of Schisandraceae plants distributed in Korea were investigated to elucidate differences in growth and the variations of inter and intra species of the plants. For this study, three species of Schisandraceae plants were used; i) Schisandra chinensis, decidious broad-leaved tree, ii) S. nigra, decidious broad-leaved tree, including monoecious, male and female types, ii) Kadsura japonica, evergreen broad-leaved tree. There were no significant differences in leaf length and width among three species, but leaves of Schisandra sp. plants were shorter and wider relative to those of K. japonica. The length of petiole of Schisandra sp. plants was greater than that of K. japonica and the difference was evident between female type of S. chinensis and K. japonica as longer as two times. Schisandra sp. trees showed larger size of stomata, but fewer numbers of stomata, compared with K. japonica. Although substantial changes in leaf morphology were not found in the Schisandraceae plants grown in different environmental conditions, the foliar length of K. japonica was seemed to be increased with increasing an altitude. Chlorophyll contents were also variable in inter and intra species and in, general K. japonica showed higher levels of chlorophyll contents relative to Schisandra sp. plants. K. japonica also showed higher light compensation point(LCP), light saturation point(LSP) and $CO_2$ assimilation rates at LSP, compared with Schisandra sp. trees. However, Schisandra sp. trees showed lower respiration per photosynthesis rates at LSP. The finding suggested that Schisandra sp. trees were acclimated to the growth conditions of lower light intensity with more effective photosynthetic activity. This was also confirmed by the fact that Schisandra sp. plants grown in shading places of a forest demonstrated the elevated rates of net $CO_2$ assimilation under the conditions of low light intensity.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.117-121
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• 1999

Development and reproduction of the sycamore lace bug, Corythucha ciliata, were investigated under different temperature regimes. Duration of development from egg to pre-adult of the sycamore lace bug measured seven temperatures ranged from 54.0 days at 18$^{\circ}$C to 17.9 days at 33$^{\circ}$C. Development was not successful at 15$^{\circ}$C and 35$^{\circ}$C. Developmental zero point and total effective temperature for development of egg, nymphal, and complete development were 1 1 .O, 10.9, ll.l$^{\circ}$C and 150.3, 230.6, 376.1 degree-days, respectively. Longevities of adult females varied to temperature from 51.8 days at 18$^{\circ}$C to 17.2 days at 33$^{\circ}$C. The average fecundity per female was greater at 25$^{\circ}$C and 28$^{\circ}$C compared with at other temperatures. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r,) and net reproduction rate (R,) were highest at 28$^{\circ}$C as 0.170 and 73.25, respectively. As a result, optimum ranges of temperature for C. ciliata growth were between 25$^{\circ}$C and 28$^{\circ}$C.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.129-142
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• 2010

Background : The Bonghan theory is a hypothesis on the anatomical structure of the acupuncture point and meridian system. It has been regarded as a misunderstanding of the lymphatic system, or as a made-up story, for the past 40 years. Since 2002, Many studies have been published either to support the theory or to refute the old viewpoint. Objective : The purpose of this study was to find out the validity of the refutation by reviewing the publications. Methods : Searches were made from online databases (Riss4u.net, Google.com, Sciencedirect.com, Pubmed.com, baidu.com, and ci.nii.ac.jp) from 1960 to 2009. The search terms that were used were "Bonghan," "Bong han," "봉한," "thread-like structure," "KИM БOH XaHOM", "CИCTEMA KEHPAK," "鳳漢," "鳳漢管," and "鳳漢学說." References from the searched publications were also used. Results : Since the 1960s, 107 publications were identified as related works, but only 11 publications sought to refute the Bonghan theory. Two publications were researches, and nine were reviews. In the analysis of the correlation of the arguments with the publication contents, it was found that the research of G. Kellner reviewed the Bonghan system properly but that V. V. Kosmatov did not classify the ear-reflex zone as a traditional acupuncture point. For the review publications, only two reviews contained proper arguments, but seven publications were identified as broad interpretations, wrong translations, etc. Moreover, the two proper reviews were grounded on the research of G. Kellner. Conclusions : We found that the scientific origin of the refutation of the Bonghan theory is only one research by G. Kellner. This result suggest that Bonghan theory was not discussed enough to determine the invention.

• 한국노년학
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.325-345
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is a exploratory study for understanding the process of the social isolation of the socially isolated elderly through the approach to their life history. The research was analyzed by one of the methods of qualitative research on life history, the conceptual framework of 'Dimensions, turning, and adaptation' of Mandelbaum(1973). According to the results of this study, the socially isolated elderly people were found to be socially isolated by experiencing complex difficulties such as family disconnection, poverty, poor job and health deterioration. Specifically, in the area of life, there was experience of poor relationship with parent, absence of family, poverty of family and unfavorable relationship with surrounding people in life with original family before isolation. They had bad jobs in the labor market, such as hard labor, delivery, business, and chores. In the area of turning point, we experienced family break due to the separation of the original family and the spouse due to various reasons such as financial crisis, parental divorce and death, spouse affair, economic difficulty. In a transitional stage in the life, many reasons such as the financial crisis, the death of parents, the extramarital affair and economic difficulties led to the disconnection from their original family and their spouses. In an adaptive phase, participants accepted the changed life at each turning point in their lives, carrying out their roles, compromising and trying to adapt properly. He said that their current life, which has entered the social safety net system of the people's basic recipients, has led him to live a more stable life and is adapting to personal hobbies and vicarious satisfaction through networks. This result is somewhat different from previous studies in which isolated elderly people were severely exposed to the risk of depression and loneliness. However, we should also consider the characteristics of this study that interviewed elderly people with relatively low isolation. Based on the results of this research, he presented various practical policy implications.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.109-121
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• 1992

For the purpose of mineralogical and chemical study on the topazes from various localities of world(Brzail, China, India, Nigeria and Sri Lanka), electron microprobe analysis(EPMA), neutron activation analysis(NAA), X-ray diffractometry, Raman spectroscopy, etch test, scanning electron microscopy, refractive index, specific gravity, fluid inclusion were performed. The chemical composition in topaz was discussed along with its physical and structural properties. Variations in the unit-cell dimension and physical properties of topaz were found to have a close relations in the unit-cell dimension and physical properties of topaz were found to have a close relationship with extent of substitution of $OH^-\;for\;F^-$. According to neutron activation analyses, the trace elements had no effects on the physical properties of topaz. Raman spectra showed that the peaks of topaz were different in intensity from one locality to another. Etching defects in topaz includes negative crystal defect o point-bottom pit(India, Nigeria) and net work defect of curl-bottom pit(Brazil, China). Fluid inclusions in topaz may be classiffied into liquid $CO_2$-bearing inclusion, gaseous inclusion, halite, sylvite-bearing inclusion and liquid inclusion. The results of this study can be useful to devising artificial coloring methods for topaz with different mineralogical compositions.