• Title/Summary/Keyword: Point light source

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REE Mineralization of Quy Hop Area in Nghe An Province, Northern Vietnam (베트남 북부 네안성 뀌홉지역 희토류 광화작용)

  • Lee, Jae-Ho;Jin, Kwang-Min;Heo, Chul-Ho
    • Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.193-213
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    • 2018
  • Soil geochemical exploration to check anomalies related to mineralization was carried out targeting around Quy Hop area within Nghe An province, Northern Vietnam. The interval of sampling are horizontal 250 m with 13 line and longitudinal 300 m with 25 line, resulting in 325 soil samples. Based on the result of soil geochemical exploration, the pitting survey was carried out targeting the grid point with high TREO content, resulting in 73 soil samples within 8 pits. The geology of the survey area are consisted of Ban Chieng biotite granite complex intruding Bu Khang formation comprising of schist, gneiss and limestone. In order to elucidate the source rock of monazite and xenotime confirmed from heavy sand, soil geochemical exploration was carried out. By ICP-MS result of soil samples, total REE oxide content of background amount is about 1.4 times of crustal abundance, depleting the light rare earth (about 0.2 times) and enriching the heavy rare earth (about 1.5 times). By ICP-MS result of pit soil samples, we identified TREO more than 1,000 ppm in 6 pits. It may be considered that REE ore bodies may develop in NE-SW direction, compared with the geochemical results of Quy Chau area.

A Study on the Current Status and Characteristics of Fine Dust Generation in Construction Waste Intermediate Treatment Plants and Neighboring Areas (건설폐기물 중간처리 사업장과 인근 지역의 미세먼지 발생 현황 및 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Jang, Kyong-Pil;Song, Tae-Hyeob;Kim, Byung-Yun
    • Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.405-412
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    • 2021
  • The objective of this study is to investigate the environmental impact of fine dust generated at the construction waste intermediate treatment plants, and to propose engineering data and measures to suppress the generation of fine dust to cope with the expected strengthened environmental regulations of the government. The following study conclusions are drawn. 1) T he maximum concentration of fine dust in the workplace was measured as 160㎍/m3 from the crushing operation followed by the point of waste unloading, where focused suppression plan of the fine dust generation is needed in the future. 2) Fine dust concentrations of 113㎍/m3 in wet road conditions and 50㎍/m3 in dry conditions were measured, indicating that fine dust could be reduced by 50% with watering alone. 3) The effect of distancing from the dust source was studied. PM10 during operation of the workplace was measured as about 25㎍/m3 higher than those of the neighboring areas. Whereas there was no significant difference in case of PM2.5 between workplace and neighboring areas. 4) The measurement results of the heavy metal contents showed that these metals did not affect neighboring areas.

Selective collecting device utilizing the ecological characteristics of Ephemera orientalis (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae) (동양하루살이(하루살이목: 하루살이과) 성충의 생태적 특성을 활용한 선택적 포집 장치)

  • Jin Seok Byeon;Seong Uk Son;Jang Ho Lee;Min Kyung Kim;Rong Jin Jung;Dong Sik Ryu;Dong Gun Kim
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.41 no.3
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    • pp.247-255
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    • 2023
  • The occurrence of sudden strike pest events in urban areas is increasing as global warming intensifies, consequently, re causing harmful impacts. Studies on these incidents are fewer in number and insufficient compared to research on other nuisances such as mosquitoes and flies. Therefore, we conducted a study on the development of a selective collection method, using a filter layer to establish a monitoring system for Ephemera orientalis (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae), a species frequently identified as a sudden strike pest. Three sampling points were selected along the Hangang River in Namyangju, where E. orientalis outbreaks occur. Prototypes, consisting of four layers and with a light source attached to attract insects, were installed at each sampling point. Sampling was performed every 30 minutes between 19:00 and 22:30 in the month of June. The filter interval of each layer was adjusted so that the collected mayflies were distributed into specific layers. To evaluate the collection efficiency in line with the materials and the filter intervals, the optimal collection efficiency was investigated by combining two types of layer materials (stainless and acrylic) and filter intervals (1-5 mm). The optimal conditions were as follows: The selective collection efficiency was found to be highest at 96.5% when the interval of the selective target filter was 2.0 mm and there was one upper filter.

Effects of Cognitive Conflicts before Confronting Anomalous Phenomena on Middle School Students' Conceptual Changes in Physics (불일치 현상 대면 전의 인지갈등이 중학생들의 물리 개념변화에 미치는 영향)

  • Kwon, Mi-Rang;Kim, Ji-Na;Kim, Jung-Bog;Kwon, Jae-Sool
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.29 no.8
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    • pp.886-897
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    • 2009
  • One of useful strategies to change students' misconceptions into scientific conceptions in physics is the cognitive conflict strategy, the main point of which is to arouse cognitive conflicts by presenting anomalous phenomena to students. However, it has been reported that students experienced cognitive conflicts while expecting or reasoning results of an experiment before confronting an anomalous phenomenon. Therefore, we have examined how much students' cognitive conflicts were aroused before presenting an anomalous phenomenon. Then, we investigated the effects of the cognitive conflicts aroused prior to the students' confrontation with an anomalous phenomenon, both on the cognitive conflicts occurring after the students' confrontation with it, and on the students' conceptual changes. This study was performed during regular classes about light-source and weightlessness concepts. Subjects from two different middle schools in Pusan took part in the study. Preconceptions, degrees of cognitive conflicts before and after confronting anomalies, and postconceptions were checked during the classes. Then, delayed postconceptions were also checked in 3 weeks. As a result, the degree of cognitive conflicts before confronting an anomaly was as much as the degree of cognitive conflicts after it. There was significant correlation between both conflicts. Also the degree of cognitive conflicts before confronting an anomaly was a main factor in predicting the conceptual changes, while both conflicts had been related separately to the conceptual changes.

A Study on Archiving of 'Social Memory' and Oral Record Focused on the Role of Archivist in the Stages of Oral Record Collecting and Planning (사회적 기억과 구술 기록화 그리고 아키비스트)

  • Choi, Jeong-eun
    • The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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    • no.30
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    • pp.3-55
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    • 2011
  • Recently, a topic of Archival Science can be said 'paradigm shift'. Therefore, this study aims to establish a relationship between oral record and Archival Science through concept of the archiving 'social memory' related to paradigm shift of Archival Science. In addition, an active role theory by an archivist as main agent of archival oral record management reflecting the characteristics of oral record based on this will be supported. Especially, even if it has already been handled through previous studies, it will be focused on drawing new meaning by applying creative perspective. Main content of this study is as follows. Firstly, discussion will be progressed by establishing the concept of the archiving 'social memory'. This is related to the topic of 'paradigm shift' in the Archival Science. Despite that active research has been conducted among mainly archival researchers overseas, it has not been handled yet in Korea. Therefore, this study aims to determine to organize this part as detail purpose. Secondly, the point will be progressed with a special focus on collecting and planning stages among the stages of records management. A viewpoint of the Archival Science should start from the stage of collecting and planning the previous record of production point of time, and then should be reflected for acknowledging the subsequent stages. Therefore, collecting and planning are the most important, and this is closely connected with a characteristic of oral record which production means collecting. Thirdly, the concept of 'oral record' is established with the viewpoint of the Archival Science. The various documents have been producted through oral interview has been known to many oral history researchers as 'oral source'. It aims to conceptualize them as 'oral record' with the viewpoint of the Archival Science. Fourthly, it is an establishment of meaning why oral history should be handled in the Archival Science. It is necessary to rationalize the purpose and its appropriateness handling oral history in the Archival Science. It should clarify the reason why oral history is important in the Archival Science and what it means. This will help examine the meaning of the recording of 'oral record.' A characteristic of the oral record can be effectively revealed through the recording, and ultimately, it aims to be able to shed new light on the value of oral history and oral record. Finally, it defines the role of archivist in oral history. A point that archivist in oral history is not just an assistant who organizes and preserves oral records collected by researchers will be emphasized and persuaded. In this study, oral history study in the Archival Science which has obtained appropriateness by the theoretical discussion as above should be conducted in a connection with other studies without occupying oral history by the Archival Science and in a direction of the leap of Korean oral history study. If this is possible, it will contribute to development of the Archival Science and of study area expansion, enhancement of the role and potential of archivist, at the same time, eventually it will positively influence on oral history study.

Geochemical exploration for REE occurrence in Nghe An Area within Northern Vietnam (베트남 북부 네안 희토류 산출지의 지구화학탐사)

  • Heo, Chul-Ho;Chung, Ho Tien;Lee, Jae-Ho
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.45 no.6
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    • pp.599-622
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    • 2012
  • The phase I soil geochemical exploration was carried out targeting around Chau Binh area far from about 14 km with southeastern direction from Quy Chau within Nghe An province. The interval of sampling are horizontal 300 m with 14 line and longitudinal 500 m with 15 line, resulting in 194 soil samples. Based on the result of the phase I soil geochemical exploration, the phase II detailed pitting survey was carried out targeting the grid point with high TREO content, resulting in 56 soil samples within 7 pits. The geology of survey area are consisted of Ban Chieng biotite granite complex and Dai Loc gneissic granite complex intruding Bu Khang formation comprising of schist, gneiss and limestone. Main mineralization in the study area have the characteristics of occurrence with tin, ruby and REE-bearing monazite(about 300 g/t) and xenotime(about 10 g/t) to be thought as occurring at the alteration zone of granite complex. In order to elucidate the source rock of monazite and xenotime confirmed from heavy sand, soil geochemical exploration was carried out. As a analysis result with ICP-MS on the soil samples from the phase I soil geochemical exploration, total REE oxide content of background amount to about 2 times of crustal abundance, enriching the heavy rare earth(about 2 times) and light rare earth(about 1.84 times). As a analysis result with ICP-MS on the soil samples from the phase II soil detailed pit survey, we identified outcrop considering as economic ore body at the grid point 4-7 pit with N40W attitude. As a synthetic consideration on the phase I soil geochemical exploration and phase II detailed pit survey, we tentatively designated areas considering as the extension of economic ore body with REE anomaly. In the near future, we have the plan to carry out the geophysical exploration and test drilling targeting the interval anticipated to the economic ore body.

Geochemical Exploration for Tri Le REE Occurrence in Nghe An Province within Northern Vietnam (베트남 북부 네안성 칠레 희토류 산출지의 지구화학탐사)

  • Heo, Chul-Ho;Ho, Tien Chung;Lee, Jae-Ho
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.47 no.2
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    • pp.147-168
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    • 2014
  • The soil geochemical exploration was carried out targeting around Tri Le area far from about 30 km with northwestern direction from Que Phong within Nghe An province. The interval of sampling are horizontal 200 m interval with 23 line and longitudinal 300 m with 10 line, resulting in 228 soil samples. Based on the result of the soil geochemical exploration, the detailed pitting survey was carried out targeting the grid point with high TREO content, resulting in 75 soil samples within 7 pits. The geology of survey area are consisted of Ban Chieng biotite granite complex and granitic gneiss intruding Ban Khang formation comprising of quartz schist and marble. Main mineralization in the study area have the characteristics of occurrence with tin, ruby and REE-bearing monazite and xenotime to be thought as occurring at the alteration zone of granite complex. In order to elucidate the source rock of monazite and xenotime confirmed from heavy sand, soil geochemical exploration was carried out. As a analysis result with ICP-MS on the soil samples from the soil geochemical exploration, total REE oxide content of background amount to about 2 times of crustal abundance, enriching the heavy rare earth(about 2 times) and light rare earth(about 1.5 times). As a analysis result with ICP-MS on the soil samples from the soil detailed pit survey, we only identified outcrop considering as economic weathered granite body at the grid point 1-10 pit among 7 pits. As a synthetic consideration on the soil geochemical exploration and detailed pit survey, we tentatively designated Tri Le area as no promising target for REE. In 2014, we have the plan to carry out the soil geochemical exploration targeting the extended economic REE ore body in Quy Chau as project area from 2011 to 2012.

Essay on Form and Function Design (디자인의 형태와 기능에 관한 연구)

  • 이재국
    • Archives of design research
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.63-97
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    • 1989
  • There is nothing more important than the form and function in design, because every design product can be done on the basis of them. Form and Function are already existed before the word of design has been appeared and all the natural and man-made things' basic organization is based on their organic relations. The organic relations is the source of vitality which identifies the subsistance of all the objects and the evolution of living creatures has been changed their appearances by the natural law and order. Design is no exception. Design is a man-made organic thing which is developed its own way according to the purposed aim and given situations. If so, what is the ultimate goal of design. It is without saying that the goal is to make every effort to contribute to the -human beings most desirable life by the designer who is devoting himself to their convenience and well-being. Therefore, the designer can be called the man of rich life practitioner. This word implies a lot of meanings since the essence of design is improving the guality of life by the man-made things which are created by the designer. Also, the things are existed through the relations between form and function, and the things can keep their value when they are answered to the right purpose. In design, thus, it is to be a main concern how to create valuable things and to use them in the right way, and the subject of study is focused on the designer's outlook of value and uk relations between form and function. Christopher Alexander mentioned the importance of form as follows. The ultimate object of design is form. Every design problem begins with an effort to achieve fittness between the form and its context. The form is the solution to the problem: the context defmes the problem. In other words, when we speak of design, the real object of discussion is not form alone, but the ensemble comprising the form and its context. Good fit is a desirable property of this ensemble which relates to some particular division of the ensemble into form and context. Max Bill mainatined how important form is in design. Form represents a self-contained concept, and its embodiment in an object results in that object becoming a work of art. Futhermore, this explains why we use form so freguently in a comparative sense for determining whether one thing is less or more beautiful than another, and why the ideal of absolute beauty is always the standard by which we appraise form, and through form, art itself. Hence form has became synonymous with beauty. On the other hand, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy stated the importance of function as follows. Function means the task an object is designed to fulfill the task instrument is shaping the form. Unfortunately, this principle was not appreciated at the same time but through the endeavors of Frank Lloyd Wright and of the Bauhaus group and its many collegues in Europe, the idea of functionalism became the keynote of the twenites. Functionalism soon became a cheap slogan, however, and its original meaning blurred. It is neccessary to reexamine it in the light of present circumstances. Charles William Eliot expressed his idea on the relations between function and beauty. Beauty often results chiefly from fittness: indeed it is easy to manitain that nothing is fair except what is fit its uses or functions. If the function of the product of a machine be useful and valuable, an the machine be eminently fit for its function, it conspicuously has the beauty of fittness. A locomotive or a steamship has the same sort of beauty, derived from the supreme fittness for its function. As functions vary, so will those beauty..vary. However, it is impossible to study form and function in separate beings. Function can't be existed without form, and without function, form is nothing. In other words, form is a function's container, and function is content in form. It can be said that, therefore, the form and function are indispensable and commensal individuals which have coetemal relations. From the different point of view, sometimes, one is more emphasized than the other, but in this case, the logic is only accepted on the assumption of recognizing the importance of the other's entity. The fact can be proved what Frank Hoyd wright said that form and function are one. In spite of that, the form and function should be considered as independent indivisuals, because they are too important to be treated just as the simple single one. Form and function have flexible properties to the context. In other words, the context plays a role as the barometer to define the form and function, also which implies every meaning of surroun'||'&'||'not;dings. Thus, design is formed under the influence of situations. Situations are dynamic, like the design process itself, in which fixed focus can be cripping. Moreover, situations control over making the good design. Judging from the respect, I defined the good design in my thesis An Analytic Research on Desigh Ethic, "good design is to solve the problem by the most proper way in the situations." Situations are changeable, and so is design. There is no progress without change, but change is not neccessarily progress. It is highly desirable that there changes be beneficial to mankind. Our main problem is to be able to discriminate between that which should be discarded and that which should be kept, built upon, and improved. Form and Function are no exception. The practical function gives birth to the inevitable form and the $$\mu$ti-classified function is delivered to the varieties of form. All of these are depended upon changeable situations. That is precisely the situations of "situation de'||'&'||'not;sign", the concept of moving from the design of things to the design of the circumstances in which things are used. From this point of view, the core of form and function is depended upon how the designer can manage it efficiently in given situations. That is to say that the creativity designer plays an important role to fulfill the purpose. Generally speaking, creativity is the organization of a concept in response to a human need-a solution that is both satisfying and innovative. In order to meet human needs, creative design activities require a special intuitive insight which is set into motion by purposeful imagination. Therefore, creativity is the most essential quality of every designer. In addition, designers share with other creative people a compulsive ingenuity and a passion for imaginative solutions which will meet their criteria for excellence. Ultimately, it is said that the form and function is the matter which belongs to the desire of creative designers who constantly try to bring new thing into being to create new things. In accordance with that the main puppose of this thesis is to catch every meaning of the form and function and to close analyze their relations for the promotion of understanding and devising practical application to gradual progression in design. The thesis is composed of four parts: Introduction, Form, Function and Conclusion. Introduction, the purpose and background of the research are presented. In Chapter I, orgin of form, perception of form, and classification of form are studied. In Chapter II, generation of function, development of function, and diversification of function are considered. Conclusion, some concluding words are mentioned.ioned.

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