• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.25-37
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• 1985

Four points on the basal body temperature (B.B.T.) curve was correlated with the estimated time of ovulation, as determined by serial ultrasound in 50 induced menstrual cycles from 22 subjects. The time of ovulation was estimated by measuring the maximal diameter of follicles and observing the morphologic changes within the ovary from follicle to corpus luteum. The results were as following; 1. The diameter of the follicle measured at the day before disappearance was 21.1 mm on an average (S.D.: 2.14). The average follicular growth for 4 days before ovulation was measured at a rate of 2.8 mm/day, and rapid growth of follicle was observed 3.1 mm/day at the day before. 2. The changes associated with rupture of the follicles were the followings, in order of frequency; decrease in size(94%), disappearance of follicles(64%), fluid in the Cul-de-Sac(26%) and increased internal echoes(16%). 3. Only 20 of 50 cycles, exhibited a BBT dip and correlated with the estimated time of ovulation by ultrasound in 2 of which cases(10%). BBT nadir, 30 of 50 cycles, correlated in 5(16.7%). The first day of hyperthermic plateau(FDHP) and BBT coverline was exhibited in all cycles, correlated in 41(82%) and 35(70%) cases. 4. The relationship between the diameter of dominant dominant follicle, measured by ultrasound, and the basal body temperature curve were as following. During cycles in which dip was observed on the BBT curve, the follicular diameter were 10.5${\pm}$2.12 mm on 4 days prior to the point (D-4), and 12.5${\pm}$2.12 mm (D-3), 15.5${\pm$2.12 mm (D-2), 17.0${\pm}$1.41 mm (D-1) and 21.5${\pm}$2.12 mm just prior to the dip (D-0). In the nadir; 9.6${\pm}$1.67 mm (N-4), 12.8${\pm}$1.79 mm (N-3), 16.2${\pm}$1.92 mm (N-2), 18.2${\pm}$2.17 mm (N-1) and 21.4${\pm}$2.61 mm (N-0). In the First day of Hyperthemic Plateau (FDHP); 9.8${\pm}$1.36 mm (F-4), 12.4${\pm}$1.41 mm (F-3),15.1${\pm}$1.57 mm (F-2), 18.1${\pm}$1.67 mm (F-1) and 21.2${\pm}$2.25 mm (F-0). In the BBT coverline endopint; 9.9${\pm}$.39 mm (C-4), 12.5 ${\pm}$1.44 mm (C-3), 15.2${\pm}$1.64 mm (C-2), 18.0 ${\pm}$1.69 mm (C-1), and 21.2${\pm}$2.31 mm (C-0). 5. The relationship between the ultrasonographic signs of ovulation and the basal body temperature curve were as following. The BBT dip correlated with the ovulation in 2 cases, which revealed decrease in follicular diameter (100%), fluid pattem in the Cul-de-Sac (1 case, 50%) and complete disappearance of follicle (1 case, 50%). In the nadir (5 cases); the ultrasonographic signs of ovulation were decrease in follicular diameter (5 cases, 100%), fluid pattern in the Cul-de-Sac (1 case, 20%) and complete disappearance of follicle (3 cases, 60%). In the First day of Hyperthermic Plateau (41 cases); decrease in follicular diameter (40 cases, 97.6%), fluid pattern in the Cul-de-Sac (11 cases, 26.8%), appearance of internal echo and thickening of the wall (6 cases, 14.6%) and com plete disappearance of follicle (28 cases, 68.3%). In the BBT coverline endpoint (35 cases); decrease in follicular diameter (33 cases, 94.3%), fluid pattern in the Cul-de Sac (9 cases, 25.7%), appearance of internal echo and thickening of the wall (5 cases 14.3%) and complete disappearance of follicle (20 cases, 57.1%).

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.212-222
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• 1989

When the head nurse who is pivotal in the nursing service administration of the hospital performs efficiently as a first-line manager, the effectiveness of the nursing unit, which includes the quality of nursing care, the jab satisfaction of staff members, and the cohesiveness of staff members is increased. With this point of view in mind, the researcher carried out a study to determine the actual work (the content of the work, the work process, the role of the head nurse, the activity media, and the purpose of the work) of the head nurse in a university hospital in Korea. In addition, this study was also carried out for the purpose of preparing an ideal model for the work of the head nurse. The research subjects were 39 head nurses. This included all the head nurses in two university hospitals except those who were working in outpatient care, operating rooms, central supply, nursing administration, in-service education and emergency care. Data were collected from September 24th to October 21th, 1987 and April 4th to 12th, 1988. A work activity record on which the head nurse recorded directly in a chronological narrative form, was used as the research instrument. The 234 work activity records, 39 head nurse's continuous recording over 6 days(from Monday to Saturday) were collected and analysed. The results were as follows ; 1. With regard to the work content for the total daily work of the head nurse, 45.2% of the activities were managerial activities but 58.1% of the head nurse' s time was spent in direct patient care. 2. With regard to the work process of the head nurse, specifically the location, the size and membership of groups contacted, the results were as follows : 1) Of the total daily work activities 92.4% were carried out in the nursing unit and this occupied 84.5% of total daily work time. Direct patient care was generally performed on the nursing unit and managerial work was performed in other areas. 2) Of the total daily work activities, 73% was with one or more persons and 51.2% of total daily work time was spent in groups. 3) A total of 51 persons, working in different capacities were contacted. These included 21 persons giving patient care, 19 persons working in nursing unit management, and 7 persons working in human resource management. 3. With regard to the head nurse's role in work activity, 53.3% of total daily work activities involved the informational role, 26.9%, the interpersonal role and 19.9%, the decisional role. With regard to time, 57.7% was spent in the informational role, 23.9%, in the interpersonal role and 18.3%, in the decisional role. When the head nurse performed managerial work, she gave nearly equal emphasis to all three roles when she gave direct patient care the informational role was increased. 4. With regard to the activity media, the number of unscheduled activities accounted for 27.1% of the activities, scheduled activities, 24.3%, desk work activity, 22.1%, rounds, 12.5% and telephone calls, made or received, 14.0%. In daily total work time managerial work related to desk work and scheduled activities were high, ranging from 29.8% to 29.9% but for direct patient care time, scheduled activities and unscheduled activities were high, ranging from 23.6％ to 35.3%. 5. With regard to the purpose of the work performed, 54.4% of the total daily work was concerned with the team and 41.4% was concerned with the agency. The managerial work was concerned mainly with the team and the direct patient care was concerned mainly with the patient. When the frequency of an activity and time were compared no significant difference was found between the days for which the work was recorded for any of the variables : the work content, the work process, the work role, the activity media and purpose of the work. On the basis of this study the following are proposed as an ideal model for head nurse work in Korea : The managerial work should be increased to 70%. The decisional role activities should be increased to 40%. Twenty percent of the work activity should be allocated to agency, community and profession. It is believed that this model for the head nurse's work can contribute to guidelines for job description development. Finally, educational programs, organizational and structural devices, and administrative support are needed for the proper function of the head nurse in this proposed model.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2010

최근 서울시를 비롯해 지자체 중심으로 실시되어온 학교 옥외환경 개선사업은 학교구성원이 함께 참여하는 과정으로 진행되지 못하거나, 전시 행정적 측면이 강조되는 등의 문제점이 꾸준히 제기되어 왔다. 그 결과, 최종 결과물에 치중하기 보다는 과정을 중시하고, 학교구성원 스스로 함께 가꾸어 가는 학교숲 조성사업의 활성화가 요청되고 있다. 더욱이 조성 부지의 규모나 입지, 지역별 여건, 학교별 예산 등의 차이점을 고려하지 않고 균등하게 예산을 지원함으로써 시설물 위주로 계획되어 조성이후 울창한 숲의 형태를 이루지 못하고 그늘이 적은 녹지공간이 되는 문제점이 발생되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 2005년 학교숲이 조성된 경기도 한강이남 지역의 42개교를 대상으로 조성결과를 객관적으로 평가하여 학교숲 계획의 현황과 문제점을 파악하고 계획지표를 추정해 보고자 한다. 학교숲의 현황파악을 위해 비율로 산정한 변수는 녹지면적, 식재밀도, 교목, 관목, 상록수 등을 설정하였고, 여기에 각종 시설물의 종류와 배치, 관리상태 등을 설정하였다. 이러한 각 변수의 값은 학교숲 계획 및 설계도면과 현장답사를 통해 평가하여 작성한 후 SPSS Statistics 12.0(SPSS Inc., 2003)프로그램을 활용하여 분석하였고, 그 결과 경기도 학교숲의 현황과 문제점을 파악하였다. 본 연구는 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 경기도 학교숲의 개선방안을 모색하고 바람직한 학교숲 식재를 위한 지표를 제안하였다. 연구 결과, 학교숲 조성지표중 교목비율 0.13는 예를 들면 $1,000m^2$의 면적일 경우 교목 130주 이상이 식재되는 것이 바람직함을 시사해 주고 있다. 마찬가지로 관목비율 3.58는 3,580주의 최소기준을 갖는다고 볼 수 있는데, 이를 간략히하면 관목은 약 3,600주 정도가 적정한 것으로 산정되었다. 또한 포장비율의 경우에는 포장면적 대비 전체계획부지 면적의 비율을 말하므로 0.19이란 계획부지 면적에서 포장면적을 최대 19%까지만 확보하고 최소 녹지면적율이 81%가 되어야 함을 의미하므로 대략 학교숲의 포장율은 20% 미만으로 계획해야 함을 알 수 있다. 상록수 비율의 경우에는 약 100주의 교목을 식재할 경우 39주, 즉 40주 정도가 적정한 것으로 나왔다. 학교숲 조성지표를 보다 폭넓게 적용시키기 위해서는 경기도 전체 학교숲을 대상으로 한 설문조사가 필요하고, 학생만이 아니라 담당공무원, 학교당국자, 관련 산업 전문가 등을 대상으로 확대되어 실시되어야 할 것이다. 그리고 최종적으로 학교숲 조성지표가 완성되면 기존 연구에서 나타난 참여 활동 프로그램도 도입되어 더욱 지역주민들에게 사랑받는 학교숲으로 발전될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.38-47
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• 2009

초등학교 $4{\sim}6$학년 어린이 142명 (남 80명, 여 62명)을 대상으로 식습관과 식이섭취조사를 실시하여 미량영양소 섭취부족의 위험이 있는 어린이를 선별할 수 있는 간단한 식습관평가표를 개발한 결과는 다음과 같다. 미량영양소 섭취부족 위험지표는 비타민 A, 리보플라빈, 비타민 C, 칼슘, 철분, 아연의 여섯가지 영양소에 대하여 권장섭취량에 대한 섭취 백분율과 평균 적정섭취비율 (MAR), 이들 여섯가지 영양소 중 평균필요량 미만으로 섭취한 영양소의 개수를 임의로 선정하였다. 식습관의 각 문항에 대한 점수를 구하기 위하여 응답 보기에서 가장 좋은 식습관에 대하여 0점, 가장 좋지 않은 식습관에 대하여 2점을 부여하고, 이 두가지 식습관 사이에 중간 정도의 보기가 있는 경우 1점을 부여하였다. 부여된 점수로 계산한 각 문항의 식습관 점수와 미량영양소 섭취부족 위험지표와의 Pearson 상관계수를 계산한 결과 유의적인 상관관계를 나타낸 식습관 문항은 세끼 식사 여부, 아침식사 시간의 여유, 저녁식사의 규칙성, 식욕, 그리고 김치, 우유, 과일, 콩의 섭취 빈도에 관한 8개 문항으로 나타나 이들을 평가표에 포함 시킬 문항으로 선정하였다. 또한 이 8개 문항에 가중치를 부여하기 위해 MAR과 단계적 회귀분석을 실시하였고 그 결과 유의수준이 0.05 미만인 4개 문항의 배점을 1점으로 낮추었다. 식습관평가표의 영양부족위험 진단기준을 설정하기 위해 MAR < 0.75를 미량영양소 섭취부족군, MAR ${\geq}$ 0.75를 적정군으로 하여 총점 분포를 살펴본 후 각 총점의 민감도, 특이도, 양성예측도를 평가하였고 이 결과에 따라 식습관평가표의 총점이 3점 이하 일 때 저위험군, $4{\sim}5$점일때 중간위험군, 6점 이상일 때 고위험군으로 결정하였다. 식습관평가표의 진단기준에 따라 본 조사대상자를 세 집단으로 분류하고 영양소섭취를 비교한 결과 에너지와 단백질은 세 집단간 대상자 분포의 유의적 차이가 없었으나, 11개의 미량영양소 중에서는 비타민 A, 티아민, 리보플라빈, 니아신, 엽산, 칼슘, 인, 철, 아연 등 9개 영양소에서 평균 필요량 미만으로 섭취한 대상자의 비율이 고위험군이 가장 높았으며, 중간위험군, 저위험군의 순으로 유의적인 차이를 나타냈다. 그러나 비타민 C의 경우 중간위험군과 고위험군 간에는 차이가 없었으며, 저위험군은 유의적으로 낮았고, 비타민 $B_6$의 경우 세 군 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 본 연구에서 개발된 8문항의 식습관평가표는 복잡한 식이섭취조사를 실시하지 않고도 초등학생의 미량영양소 섭취부족 위험을 간편하게 선별할 수 있을 것으로 생각되며, 초등학생이 쉽고 간편하게 사용할 수 있으므로 이들을 대상으로 영양판정이나 영양교육을 실시할 때 활용할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 다양한 지역의 학생을 대상으로 활용하여 타당성 검토를 거치면 영양사업과 영양교육의 도구로서 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.13-30
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• 2002

Industrial shift workers feels suffer mental stresses which are caused by unfamiliar day sleep, noisy environment, sleeping disorder by bright light, unusual contacts with family, difficulty in meeting with friends or having formal social meetings and other social limitations such as the use of transportation. Such stresses influence health of the workers negatively. Thus the health promotion policy for shift workers should be made considering the workers' ways of living and shift work specially. This study attempted to provide basic information for development of the health promotion program for industrial shift workers by examining predictive factors influencing health promotion behaviors of those workers. In designing the study, three power generation plants located in Pusan and south Kyungsang province were randomly selected and therefrom 280 workers at central control, boiler and turbine rooms and environmental chemistry parts whose processes require shift works were sampled as subjects of the study. Data were collected two times from September 17 to October 8, 1999 using questionnaires with helps of safety and health managers of the plants. The questionnaires were distributed through mails or direct visits. Means for the study included the measurement tool of health promotion behavior provided by Park(1995), the tool of self-efficacy measurement by Suh(1995), the tool of internal locus of control measurement by Oh(1987), the measurement tool of perceived health state by Park(1995) and the tool of social support measurement by Paek(1995). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS program. Controlling factors of the subjects were evaluated in terms of frequency and percentage ratio Perceived factors and health promotion behaviors of the subjects were done so in terms of mean and standard deviation, and average mark and standard deviation, respectively. Relations between controlling and perceived factors were analyzed using t-test and ANOVA and those between perceived factors and the performance of health promotion behaviors, using Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. The performance of health promotion behaviors was tested using t-test, ANOVA and post multi-comparison (Scheffe test). Predictive factors of health promotion behavior were examined through the Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis. Results of the study are summarized as follows. 1. The performance of health promotion behaviors by the subjects was evaluated as having the value of mean, $161.27{\pm}26.73$ points(min.:60, max.:240) and average mark, $2.68{\pm}0.44$ points(min.:1, max.:4). When the performance was analyzed according to related aspects, it showed the highest level in harmonious relation with average mark, $3.15{\pm}.56$ points, followed by hygienic life($3.03{\pm}.55$), self-realization ($2.84{\pm}.55$), emotional support($2.73{\pm}.61$), regular meals($2.71{\pm}.76$), self-control($2.62{\pm}.63$), health diet($2.62{\pm}.56$), rest and sleep($2.60{\pm}.59$), exercise and activity($2.53{\pm}.57$), diet control($2.52{\pm}.56$) and special health management($2.06{\pm}.65$). 2. In relations between perceived factors of the subjects(self-efficacy, internal locus of control, perceived health state) and the performance of health promotion behaviors, the performance was found having significantly pure relations with self-efficacy (r=.524, P=.000), internal locus of control (r=.225, P=.000) and perceived health state(r=.244, P=.000). The higher each evaluated point of the three factors was, the higher the performance was in level. 3. When relations between the controlling factors(demography-based social, health-related, job-related and human relations characteristics) and the performance of health promotion behaviors were analyzed, the performance showed significant differences according to marital status (t=2.09, P= .03), religion(F=3.93, P= .00) and participation in religious activities (F=8.10, P= .00) out of demography-based characteristics, medical examination results (F=7.20, P= .00) and methods of the collection of health knowledge and information(F=3.41, P= .01) and methods of desired health education(F=3.41, P= .01) out of health-related characteristics, detrimental factors perception(F=4.49, P= .01) and job satisfaction(F=8.41, P= .00) out of job-related characteristics and social support(F=14.69, P= .00) out of human relations characteristics. 4. The factor which is a variable predicting best the performance of health promotion behaviors by the subjects was the self-efficacy accounting for 27.4% of the prediction, followed by participation in religious activities, social support, job satisfaction, received health state and internal locus of control in order all of which totally account for 41.0%. In conclusion, the predictive factor which most influence the performance of health promotion behaviors by shift workers was self-efficacy. To promote the sense, therefore, it is necessary to develop the nursing intervention program considering predictive factors as variables identified in this study. Further industrial nurses should play their roles actively to help shift workers increase their capability of self-management of health.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.305-335
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• 2005

이 논문은 2003년에 개발된 SPDA(A Screening Scale For Potential Drug-use Adolescents)의 타당성검증을 위한 2차년도 연구결과이다. SPDA는 청소년들의 약물사용에 대한 조기 예방적 개입을 위한 선별도구로서 활동을 그 목적으로 한다. 연구를 위한 조사대상자는 전국에 재학중인 중 고등학생(n=4,307)으로서 층화표집과 할당표집으로 선발되어 SPDA와 관련척도에 대하여 응답하였으며, 비교집단으로 전국 보호관찰청소년(n=305)들도 동일한 조사에 참여케 하였다. 타당화의 주요한 내용은 신뢰도, 내용타당도, 구성타당도, 기준관련타당도, 동시타당도 등을 검증하는 것이었다. 연구 결과, 척도의 신뢰도는 Cronbach 알파계수 0.914를 나타냈다. 구성타당성을 위한 탐색적 요인분석 결과 SPDA는 개인특성, 문제행동, 부모의 문제와 약물경험, 부모와의 관계, 음주환경과 태도, 약물사용환경과 태도 등 7가지 요인으로 나뉘었고, 확인적 요인분석결과는 모형적합도 지수, 요인부하량을 검토할 때 SPDA의 각 요인구조가 적합도가 높은 측정모델로 입증되었다. 그리고 기준관련 타당도를 검증하기 위한 판별분석에서는 본 척도의 분류 적중률이 86.6%(중학생 78.8%, 고등학생 87.4%)로 나타나 적절한 예측타당도를 가지고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 동시타당도에서는 "Hare Home Self-Esteem Scale", "Hare School Self-Esteem", "Zuckerman-Kuhlman Sensation-seeking scale" 세 척도와 모든 영역의 상관계수가 유의미한 값을 보여주었다. 또한 SPDA 총 약물사용에 대한 잠재군과 비잠재군(일반중고생)에 대해 유의미한 변별력을 가지고 있었다. 실제적 활용을 위해 잠재군을 분류할 수 있는 절단점으로 T-점수(+0.5SD)를 이용하였으며 잠재 약물사용군으로 분류될 수 있는 대상은 총 점수 77점 이상일 경우였다.

• 복식
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• 제32권
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• pp.313-336
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• 1997

Nineteen stimulus photograghs varied in hue and color scheme of one clothing style of Korean dress worn by a female were used to investigate the effect of color color scheme and structure on impression formation for Korean dress. Subjects were 77 male and 86 female undergraduate and graduate students. The stimuli c9onsisted of two sets(cool and warm) of four similar color schemes two sets (cool and warm in Chima color) of five contrasting color schemes and one extra stimulus triad 3 hue base. Structures were de-fined by color schemes of Kit.Korum toward the color schemes of Jokori and Chima. Stimu-lus photogragh selected from Korean dress fashion magazines was managed and varied in hues and color schemes to Kit Korum Jokori and Chima according to Korean Standard Color through scanning and Adobe photoshop 3.0 program and then pictured through slide printer(HR-6000). Each subject assessed 19 stimulus color photographs with incorporated 7 point semantic differential response scale. The data were analyzed by frequency mean factor analysis t-test ANOVA and Scheffe test. Results indicate impression ofrmations are af-fected by clothing cues. 1) Four factors emerged to account for dimensional structure of impressions of female features on Korean dress. These four factors were titled as(1) preference.evaluation (2) individuality.attention (3) youth and (4) friendshio. The preference.evaluation factor was the largest including eleven adjectives and accounting for 29.62% of the variances. 2) Almost every clothing cue(color, color scheme, structure) had some effects on im-pressions formed But the color of Chima did not form the effects on impression of prefer-ence.evaluation factor. The effect of related color scheme was the most influential clothing cue on impressions of preference.evalation factor and friendship factor whereas the ef-fect of contrasting color scheme was the most influential clothing cue on impressions of indi-viduality.attention factor and youth factor. The effect of cool color of Chima was the most influential clothing cue on impression of indi-viduality.attention factor whereas the effect of warm color of Chima was the most influen-tial clothing cue on impressions of youth factor and friendship factor. The effect of Jokori/Chima.Kit.Korum structure was the most influential clothing cue on impressions of pref-erence.evaluation factor and youth factor whereas the effect of Kit.Korum/Jokori.Chima structure was the most influential clothing cue on impressions of individuality.attention factor and friendship factor. 3) The interaction effects were appeared among clothing cues. Significant interaction effects between color schemes(similar and contrasting) and colors of Chima(cool and warm were appeared on impressions of prefer-ence.evaluation factor imdividuality.atten-tion factor and friendship factor, Significant interaction effects between color schemes (similar and contrasting) and structures (Jokori.Chima.Kit.Korum; Jokori.Kit.Koru-m/Chima;Jokori/Chima.Kit.Korum;Kit.Korum/Jokori.Chima) were appeared on impressions of preference.evaluation factor youth factor and friendship factor. Signifi-cant interaction effects between colors(cool and warm) and structures were appeared on impressions of individuality.attention factor youth factor and friendship factor. Sighifi-cant interaction effects between colors(cool and warm) and structures were appeared on impressions of individuality.attention factor youth factor and friendship factor. Significant interaction effects among clothing cues(color color schemes and structures) were appeared on all impression factors. The friendship factor was the most friquently affected impression factor by interaction effects among clothing cues. In summary the clothing was used as nonverbal cues in the effect on impression for-mation of female dressed in Korean dress. it concluded that color schemes worked as cen-tral traits and colors of Chima and structures worked as peripheral traits in the formation of impression of the female clothed in Korean dress. hence organizing our impressions with respect to the parts of the Korean dress in re-lation to the whole holistic perceptual pro-cess Gestalt approach was used and supported.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.40-57
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• 1993

본 연구에서는 光州를 중심으로 발생하는 人口流動의 특성에 관하여 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 生殘準法에 의한 이동 및 주거지 이동의 永久的 移動과 고속버스여객의 이동 및 환자의 受診移動의 一時的 移動으로 구분하였다. 分析結果, 1986-1990년 광주시 전출입의 양상은 전남이 규모상 탁월하지만 移動空間이 전국적으로 확산되고 있음이 밝혀졌다. 그리고 1980-1985년 센서스의 생잔율법에 의한 純移動의 분석과 광주시 5개 洞의 표본조사 결과에서는 移動因子로서 敎育因子와 移住者의 距離認知가 중요한 因子로 작용한다는 사실이 판명되었다. 한편, 1日移動의 분석결과, 週末과 休日에는 방문이동이 많고 連休에는 일시적 귀환이동이 탁월하게 나타났다. 환자의 수진이동은 생활환경의 변화에 따라 큰 폭으로 증가하고 있으며, 이런 현상은 광양, 여천의 공업지역에서 현저하게 나타나고 있다.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.333-341
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• 2012

본 연구는 RF 마그네트론 스퍼터링법을 이용하여 산소유량 변화에 따라 증착된 ITO 박막 구조적, 전기적, 광학적 특성을 분석하였다. ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) 박막은 $1.0{\times}10^{-3}$ Torr의 공정 압력과 2 kW 및 13.56 MHz의 RF 전력, 1,000 sccm의 Ar 가스 조건하에 0~12 sccm의 $O_2$ 가스 유량을 변경하면서 증착하였다. 광투과율 측정은 적분구를 이용하였으며, 측정 파장 범위는 300~1,100 nm이다. 4-point probe를 이용하여 면저항을 측정하였으며, Hall Measurement System을 이용하여 비저항, 캐리어 농도 및 전자이동도를 측정하였다. Scanning electron microscope 장비를 이용하여 ITO 박막 표면을 분석하였고, 박막의 거칠기는 Atomic force microscope을 이용하여 측정하였다. ${\gamma}$-Focused ion beam system을 이용하여 ITO 박막의 이차전자방출계수를 측정하였으며, 이차전자방출계수 값으로 Auger neutralization mechanism 분석법을 이용해 ITO 박막의 일함수를 결정하였다. 3 sccm의 산소 유량에서 증착된 ITO 박막의 비저항은 약 $2.4{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$로 가장 좋았으며, 광학적 특성 또한 84.93% (Weighted average)로 가장 좋은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 조건에서 이차전자방출 계수가 가장 높았고 일함수는 가장 낮은 경향의 일치함을 확인하였다.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제5권
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• pp.84-99
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• 1998

The objectives of this study are to identify the actual educational contents of management for head nurse and to propose the educational subjects according to identity the needs of head, charge, and staff nurses. The subjects were investigated the actual Management Development Programs and educational needs of head nurses and prospective nurse manager(charge nurse, staff nurse with a lot of clinical experiences) in general hospitals. The tools were composed of two questionnaires: One was developed from the literature review for making items to measure actual situation. The other was revised Katz's model for measurement of educational needs. The first respondents of actual situation were 27 general hospitals with over 400 beds in Seoul and the second respondents were 89 head nurses, 67 charge nurses and 136 nurses at 3 hospitals by convenient sampling out of 27 general hospitals. Data were collected by telephone interview, mail questionnaire and visiting from 7th of October through 30th of November in 1997. In data analysis, general characteristics of the respondents and actual status of Management Development Programs were analyzed by frequency and percentage. Educational needs according to general characteristics were analyzed by ANOVA The results were as follows: 1. Actual situation of Management Development Program 1) Seven hospitals(26%) had Management Development Program for prospective managers and 14 hospitals (52%) for head nurses. 2) Education Department existed in 14 hospitals (52%). 3) One hospital(4%) had top level managers took part in the Management Development. 4) Two hospitals selected head nurse, who had finished courses of Management Development. Eight hospitals(30%) assessed educational needs. The assessment tools consisted of making a question via questionnaire(75%), determining at department meeting(12%) and interview(13%). 5) Educational programs had 3 types: 10 lecture type, 7 discussion type and 4 role play type programs. 6) One hospital evaluated the change of learner's attitude. 7) Four hospitals scored educational point, but that was measured only by attending. 8) Actual Management Development Programs were as follows. parenthesis indicates the number of hospitals. (1) Management Development Programs for Prospective manager. Role perception of Middle level Manager (1) . Role reconstruction of Nurse Manager (1). Workshop for Charge Nurse (1). Nursing Delivery System and Nursing Process (1). Communication (1). Motivation (1) (2) Management Development Programs for Head nurse.. Head nurse's Role (5). Administrative Work (7). Service Education (4). Prevention and Countermeasure of Nursing Incidence (3). Appraisal (3) 2. The results of needs on Management Development subject 1) The educational needs of all respondents on 3 skill domains showed positive agreement to strongly positive agreement. 2) High priority(more than 4.5) items were 12 of 24 Human skill items(50%), 1 of 6 Technical skill items(16%), and 2 of 13 Conceptual skill items (15%). 3) Out of high priority items, 8 items were instituted. 4) All respondents showed high needs on 3 skill domains regardless of 3 positions (head nurse, charge nurse, and nurse). Educational needs of Human skill domain, according to position were 108. S, 108.7, 106.8 (mean score = 72) , needs of Technical skill domain were 26.5, 26.6, 26.I(mean score=18), and needs of Conceptual skill domains were 56.9,56.7, 55.1(mean score=39). 5) Needs of 3 skill domains according to clinical career showed significant difference. Out of respondents, nurses with career of over 16years showed lowest degree of needs in Human skill domains(F=4.47, P=.004) and Conceptual skill domain(F=2.93, P=.034). 6) Educational needs according to educational background were not significant difference. But out of respondents, nurses educated at 3-year junior college relatively showed lowest needs in all of the 3 skill domains. With the above-mentioned findings, further study is necessary for generalization of this study at hospitals with different bed size and location. Also it is needed to study about management skill of nurse and charge nurse, and effective educational method.