• ETRI Journal
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.594-602
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• 2021

Recently, quantitative and repetitive inspections of the old urban area were conducted because many structures exceed their designed lifetime. The health of a building can be validated from the condition of the outer wall, while the slant angle of the wall widely serves as an indicator of urban regeneration projects. Mostly, the inspector directly measures the inclination of the wall or partially uses 3D point measurements using a static light detection and ranging (LiDAR). These approaches are costly, time-consuming, and only limited space can be measured. Therefore, we propose a mobile mapping system and automatic slant map generation algorithm, configured to capture urban environments online. Additionally, we use the LiDAR-inertial mapping algorithm to construct raw point clouds with gravity information. The proposed method extracts walls from raw point clouds and measures the slant angle of walls accurately. The generated slant angle map is evaluated in indoor and outdoor environments, and the accuracy is compared with real tiltmeter measurements.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1034-1046
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• 2022

The learning-based multiview stereo (MVS) methods for three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction generally use 3D volumes for depth inference. The quality of the reconstructed depth maps and the corresponding point clouds is directly influenced by the spatial resolution of the 3D volume. Consequently, these methods produce point clouds with sparse local regions because of the lack of the memory required to encode a high volume of information. Here, we apply the atrous spatial pyramid pooling (ASPP) module in MVS methods to obtain dense feature maps with multiscale, long-range, contextual information using high receptive fields. For a given 3D volume with the same spatial resolution as that in the MVS methods, the dense feature maps from the ASPP module encoded with superior information can produce dense point clouds without a high memory footprint. Furthermore, we propose a 3D loss for training the MVS networks, which improves the predicted depth values by 24.44%. The ASPP module provides state-of-the-art qualitative results by constructing relatively dense point clouds, which improves the DTU MVS dataset benchmarks by 2.25% compared with those achieved in the previous MVS methods.

• International Journal of CAD/CAM
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2005

As three-dimensional range scanners make large point clouds a more common initial representation of real world objects, a need arises for algorithms that can efficiently process point sets. In this paper, we present a method for extracting smooth surfaces from dense point clouds. Given an unorganized set of points in space as input, our algorithm first uses principal component analysis to estimate the surface variation at each point. After defining conditions for determining the geometric compatibility of a point and a surface, we examine the points in order of increasing surface variation to find points whose neighborhoods can be closely approximated by a single surface. These neighborhoods become seed regions for region growing. The region growing step clusters points that are geometrically compatible with the approximating surface and refines the surface as the region grows to obtain the best approximation of the largest number of points. When no more points can be added to a region, the algorithm stores the extracted surface. Our algorithm works quickly with little user interaction and requires a fraction of the memory needed for a standard mesh data structure. To demonstrate its usefulness, we show results on large point clouds acquired from real-world objects.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2021

Recently there are growing interests on the energy conservation and emission reduction. In the fields of architecture and civil engineering, the energy monitoring of structures is required to response the energy issues. In perspective of thermal monitoring, thermal images gains popularity for their rich visual information. With the rapid development of the drone platform, aerial thermal images acquired using drone can be used to monitor not only a part of structure, but wider coverage. In addition, the stereo photogrammetric process is expected to generate 3D point cloud with thermal information. However thermal images show very poor in resolution with narrow field of view that limit the use of drone-based thermal photogrammety. In the study, we aimed to generate 3D thermal point cloud using visible and thermal images. The visible images show high spatial resolution being able to generate precise and dense point clouds. Then we extract thermal information from thermal images to assign them onto the point clouds by precisely establishing photogrammetric collinearity between the point clouds and thermal images. From the experiment, we successfully generate dense 3D thermal point cloud showing 3D thermal distribution over the building structure.

• International Journal of CAD/CAM
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2007

This paper presents a practical approach for surface reconstruction from unoriented point clouds. Instead of estimating local surface orientation, we first generate a set of depth images from the input point clouds, and a coarse mesh is then generated based on them by space carving techniques. The resultant mesh is progressively refined by local mesh refinement and optimization according to surface distance measure. A manifold mesh approximating the input points within an given tolerance is finally obtained. Our approach is easy to implement, but has the ability to outputs high quality meshes in different resolutions. We show that the proposed approach is not sensitive to several types of data disfigurement and is able to reconstruct models robustly from variance input data.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송∙미디어공학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.109-111
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• 2022

일반적인 포인트 클라우드(Point Clouds)는 3 차원 공간상의 포인트가 한 개의 색상 정보만을 포함하고 있는 반면에 플렌옵틱 포인트 클라우드(Plenoptic Point Clouds)는 사실감을 향상시키기 위해 한 개의 포인트가 여러 시점에서 촬영된 색상 정보들을 모두 포함하고 있는 새로운 방식의 볼륨 메트릭 데이터 표현 방식이다. 하지만, 일반적인 포인트 클라우드에 비해 더 많은 색상 정보를 필요로 하기 때문에 효율적인 압축이 필수적이다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 비디오 기반 포인트 클라우드 압축 표준 기술인 V-PCC 를 기반으로 플렌옵틱 포인트 클라우드의 색상 속성간 중복성 제거를 통해 효율적으로 색상 정보를 압축할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 실험 결과 제안 방법은 다중 플렌옵틱 색상 속성 정보를 독립적으로 부호화 경우에 비해 상당한 성능 향상이 있음을 보여준다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제35권5_1호
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• pp.727-736
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 여러 장의 무인항공기 영상을 사용하여 대상지역에 대한 포인트 클라우드를 생성하고, 데이터 세트 간 발생하는 이격과 중복점을 제거하는 방안에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 사진 측량 기반의 IBA(Incremental Bundle Adjustment)기법을 적용하여 무인기의 위치/자세를 보정하고 스테레오 페어를 구성했다. 각각의 스테레오 영상으로부터 에피폴라 영상을 생성하고 MDR(Multi-Dimensional Relaxation) 정합 기법을 적용하여 포인트 클라우드를 생성하였다. 다음으로 스테레오 영상 간 관측 벡터에 기반한 포인트 클라우드 등록을 통해 서로 다른 스테레오 페어로부터 생성된 포인트 클라우드 간 이격을 제거하였다. 마지막으로 점유격자(Occupancy grid) 기반 통합 알고리즘을 적용하여 중복점이 제거된 하나의 포인트 클라우드를 생성하였다. 실험은 무인항공기에서 취득된 연직 촬영 영상을 사용하였으며, 실험을 통해 서로 다른 스테레오 페어로부터 생성된 포인트 클라우드 간 이격 및 중복점 제거가 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 노이즈를 포함한 채 오버랩 영역이 적은 두 점군을 정합할 때 정확도와 수렴 속도를 향상시키는 알고리즘을 제시한다. 정확도를 높이기 위하여 점군의 기하학 정보를 최대한 활용하며, 정합 단계에서는 노이즈가 포함된 점군에서 오버랩 되는 영역을 적절히 선택하고, 개선된 가속 알고리즘을 사용하여 정합 속도를 향상시킨다. 정확도를 향상시키는 기존의 방법은 노이즈가 많은 점군에 적용할 수 없으므로, 본 논문에서는 정합에 사용되는 영역을 선택하는 것으로써 기존 방법의 문제를 해결하였다. 또한 똑같은 점군쌍에서만 적용되는 가속 알고리즘을 낮은 오버랩의 점군쌍에 적용하였다. 기존의 방법에 간단한 알고리즘을 추가함으로써 서너 배 더 빠른 수렴 속도를 낼 수 있도록 하였다. 결론적으로, 노이즈가 많고 오버랩이 적은 점군쌍의 정합에 있어서 본 논문에서 제시하는 알고리즘을 적용하면 속도와 정확도가 향상되었음을 알 수 있다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제59권5호
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• pp.330-337
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• 2022

Research on object detection algorithms using 2D data has already progressed to the level of commercialization and is being applied to various manufacturing industries. Object detection technology using 2D data has an effective advantage, there are technical limitations to accurate data generation and analysis. Since 2D data is two-axis data without a sense of depth, ambiguity arises when approached from a practical point of view. Advanced countries such as the United States are leading 3D data collection and research using 3D laser scanners. Existing processing and detection algorithms such as ICP and RANSAC show high accuracy, but are used as a processing speed problem in the processing of large-scale point cloud data. In this study, PointNet a representative technique for detecting objects using widely used 3D point cloud data is analyzed and described. And RandLA-Net, which overcomes the limitations of PointNet's performance and object prediction accuracy, is described a review of detection technology using point cloud data was conducted.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2023년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.528-529
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• 2023

Due to vast points and irregular structure, labeling full points in large-scale point clouds is highly tedious and time-consuming. To resolve this issue, we propose a novel point-based transformer network in weakly-supervised semantic segmentation, which only needs 0.1% point annotations. Our network introduces general local features, representing global factors from different neighborhoods based on their order positions. Then, we share query point weights to local features through point attention to reinforce impacts, which are essential in determining sparse point labels. Geometric encoding is introduced to balance query point impact and remind point position during training. As a result, one point in specific local areas can obtain global features from corresponding ones in other neighborhoods and reinforce from its query points. Experimental results on benchmark large-scale point clouds demonstrate our proposed network's state-of-the-art performance.