• Title/Summary/Keyword: Point charge potential

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유기성 폐기물 간접부담금의 도입과 바이오가스 생산보조 정책의 일반균형효과 분석

  • Bae, Jeong-Hwan
    • Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.175-210
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    • 2012
  • As London and post-Koyto protocols presumably affect emission of organic waste in Korea in 2012, appropriate treatment of organic waste becomes very important. Organic wastes are regarded as non-point pollutants. It has been criticized that direct emission charges on the emission of non-point pollutants are not effective due to the high uncertainty in the relationship between pollution sources and pollution levels. This study suggests indirect emission charges on production of livestocks or consumption on foods. Furthermore, it is assumed that revenue from the emission charges will be recycled to support biogas production. Biogas can be fueled to produce energy. In order to evaluate potential economic and environmental impacts of recycling the indirect emission charges on organic wastes, a static CGE model was developed. Simulation results of emission charges on the production of livestock show that livestock, agriculture, and food industry will confront relatively high burden while emission charges on consumption of food will affect more broadly and consumers will suffer more. Production charge on livestock sector will lead to higher reduction in GDP and total expenditure relative to the consumption charge. GHGs reduction effect was higher for the consumption charge relative to the production charge. Synthetically, consumption charge on food sector is more desirable as an alternative charge for the emission of organic wastes.

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EFFECT OF THE WATER-WALL INTERACTION POTENTIALS ON THE PROPERTIES OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS CONFINED WITHIN A UNIFORMLY CHARGED NANO-CHANNEL

  • Hoang, H.;Kang, S.;Suh, Y.K.
    • 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2009.04a
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    • pp.368-376
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    • 2009
  • Studies on the effect of the wall-ion, wall-water, water-ion and ion-ion interaction on properties of water and ions in nano-channels have been performed through the use of different kinds of ions or different models of potential energy between wall-ion or wall-water. On this paper, we address the effect of water-wall interaction potential on the properties of confined aqueous solution by using the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. As the interaction potential energies between water and wall we employed the models of the Weeks-Chandler-Andersen (WCA) and Lennard-Jones (LJ). On the MD simulations, 680 water molecules and 20 ions are included between uniformly charged plates that are separated by 2.6 nm. The water molecules are modeled by using the rigid SPC/E model (simple point charge/Extended) and the ions by the charged Lennard-Jones particle model. We compared the results obtained by using WCA potential with those by LJ potential. We also compared the results (e.g. ion density and electro-static potential distributions) in each of the above cases with those provided by solving the Poisson-Boltzmann equation.

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Comparison of meridians electric response property for laser and acupuncture stimulation (레이저자극과 수기자극에 대한 경락전기반응 특성비교)

  • Lee, Yong-Heum;Ryu, Yeon-Hang;Jung, Byoung-Jo;Shin, Tae-Min
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.11 no.12
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    • pp.2335-2342
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    • 2007
  • Laser stimulation has been widely studied and used in clinic. However, electrical response by laser stimulation on meridians has not been investigated. In this study, we compared electric potential of laser and acupuncture stimulation on meridians. We measured electric potential variation at acupoints(Samgan(LI3) and Hapgok(LI4)) on Large Intestine Meridian. In laser stimulation results, average peak electric potential is very low($7.53{\pm}3.44{\mu}V$) for before and after stimulation. However, acupuncture stimulation was performed in ground connection condition and resulted in huge variation of average peak electric potential($2.65{\pm}1.53mV$). That is, the intensity and pattern of electric potential were dependent on the ground connection condition and individual. Also, the electric potential pattern was very similar to the pattern of electric charge and discharge of capacitor. The acupuncture stimulation using a insulating needle resulted in lower average peak electric potential variation($0.25{\pm}0.16mV$) than that of acupuncture stimulation. It might present little electrical response of acupuncture stimulation using insulating needles. In point of electrical response, the laser stimulation was determined to be no acupuncture effect at meridian. Acupuncture stimulation seems to be most effective method to induce electrical response at meridians. The procedure and effect of acupuncture might be considered as energy consensus phenomenon by transportation of bio-ion charge between a practitioner and patient.

Three-Dimensional Electric Field Calculation around Substation Busbars Using Adaptive Technique (적응적 기법을 이용한 전력소 모선하의 3차원 전계분포 해석)

  • Myung, Sung-Ho;Lee, Byeong-Yoon;Park, Jong-Keun;Kim, Suk-Won;Kim, Eung-Sik;Lee, Jae-Bok;Ha, Tae-Hyun
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 1996.07c
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    • pp.1892-1894
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    • 1996
  • This paper presents optimal charge arrangement through potential error analysis. In order to decide the number of charges per conductor for a large system, adaptive simulation charge arrangement technique has been proposed. "Grouping" technique which means to divide analysis domain into two groups has been described through field error analysis. By this method, the size of matrix to calculate E field at a calculation point is reduced remarkably. The proposed method is applied to the electric field calculation around the Substation busbars.

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Actuaots based on Single Walled Carbon Nanotube (단일벽 탄소 나노튜브의 엑츄에이터 응용)

  • Oh, Young-Seok;Cao, Cheng-Fan;Choi, Jae-Boong;Kim, Young-Jin;Baik, Seung-Hyun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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    • 2006.05a
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    • pp.1387-1390
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    • 2006
  • Several actuation mechanism for carton nanotubes has teen reported recently, including actuation by double-layer charge injection and ac voltages applyied to multiple electrodes. Carbon nanotube actuator based on double layer charge injection work well in electrolyte at low voltage. AC dielectrophoresis based on four electrode geometry demonstrated carton nanotubes in solution phase can be oriently manipulated by dielectrophoresis. From this point of view, and in regard to their performance, bucky paper actuator may alternate natural muscle. also, applied AC signal with appropriate magnitude and frequency together with four electrode arrangement has potential to realize nanotube electrokinetics.

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A Study on the Donor Development to utilize Internet Marketing (인터넷마케팅을 활용한 후원자 개발에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, Jeong-Gui
    • Management & Information Systems Review
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    • v.21
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    • pp.169-187
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    • 2007
  • Today, the principle of competition is being applied to Non-profit sector also. It is necessary for relevant persons in charge to learn the knowledge and technique about marketing technique endlessly in connection with the development of donor out of the development of social welfare resource which is being embossed as main pending problem at the point of time when the role of private sector about welfare service increased and the criterion of competition and evaluation among institutions was introduced. Especially, as for the application of marketing technique to utilize internet to have big marketing potential, the efforts for the realization and application of positive marketing to be suitable for the real situation of each institution is necessary in connection with the donor development of social welfare institution. In this study tried to examine the charge of method to develop donor which is based on the development of information technique and the popularization of internet from the viewpoint of internet marketing and suggest the basic data about the present situation of donor marketing to use the effective scheme for internet marketing.

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Influence of Propane and Butane on Engine Performance in a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition(HCCI) Engine (균질혼합압축점화기관에서 프로판과 부탄연료가 기관성능에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi Gyeung Ho;Kim Ji Moon;Han Sung Bin
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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    • v.29 no.3 s.234
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    • pp.417-423
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    • 2005
  • This paper describes the engine performance of a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition(HCCI) engine according to Exhaust Gas Recirculation(EGR), cylinder-to-cylinder, fuel of propane and butane. HCCI engines are being considered as a future alternative for diesel and gasoline engines. HCCI engines have the potential for high efficiency, very low NOx emissions and very low particulate matter(PM). On experimental work, we have done an evaluation of operating conditions in a 4-cylinder compression engine. The engine has been run with propane and butane fuels at a constant speed of 1800rpm. This work is intended to investigate the HCCI operation of the engine in this configuration that has been modified from the base diesel engine. The performance and emissions of the engine are presented. In this paper, the start of combustion(SOC) is defined as the $50{\%}$ point of the peak rate of heat release. SOC is delayed slightly with increasing EGR. As expected, NOx emissions were very low for all EGR range and nbuned HC and CO emission levels were high. CO and HC emissions are lower with using propane than butane as fuels of HCCI engines.

Electrochemical Characteristics of Fine Soils in the Application of Electrokinetic Remediation (동전기력 복원공정 적용에 따른 세립토양의 전기화학적 특성 변화)

  • 고석오
    • Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.85-94
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    • 2002
  • Overall objective of this study was to evaluate the electrochemical characteristics of fine soils during the electrokinetic(EK) remediation. Zeta potential of kaolinite as a function of solution pH and surfactant concentration was investigated to make a relationship with electroosmotic flow direction and rate. During the EK experiments, pH of pore solution, electroosmotic permeability($k_e$), electric conductivity($\delta_e$) and voltage distribution was measured, respectively, The point of zero charge(PZC) of kaolinite was estimated to be about 4.2 and the zeta potential of kaolinite above PZC was more negative as solution pH increased. Sorption of surfactants on the kaolinite altered the zeta potential of kaolinite. resulting from the variation of electrochemical characteristics of kaolinite surface. hs the EK experiment progressed, low pH was predominant over most of the kaolinite specimen and thus resulted in very low mass and charge flow. The $k_e$ and $\delta_e$ was also affected by the variation of voltage drop across the EK column with time. Results from this study implied that zeta potential of kaolinite affected by the pH variation of pore solution and voltage distribution in soil column played important role in the determination of mass and charge flow during EK process. It was also suggested that pH adjustment or addition of suitable sorbates could alter the electrochemical characteristics of soil surface and thus maintain high mass and charge flow rate with time.

Surface Modification of Nanofibrillated Cellulose by LbL (Layer-by-Layer) Multilayering and its Effect on the Dewatering Ability of Suspension (LbL 다층흡착에 의한 나노피브릴화 셀룰로오스의 표면 개질과 현탁액의 탈수성에 미치는 영향)

  • Sim, Kyujeong;Youn, Hye Jung;Ahn, Jungeon;Lee, Jegon;Lee, Hyeyoon;Jo, Yeonhee
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.46 no.1
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    • pp.46-55
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    • 2014
  • In this study, we modified the surface of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) through LbL (Layer-by-Layer) multilayering process with polyelectrolytes and investigated the effects of the NFC modification on the charge of NFC surface and the dewatering ability of NFC suspension. The multilayering process was done onto NFC fibers using polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) and poly-sodium 4-styrene sulfonate (PSS) under different dosage and washing conditions. When the washing was carried out in every adsorption stage, the modified NFC had strong cationic or anionic charge depending on the type of polyelectrolyte in the outermost layer and the dewatering ability was not affected. In the case of no washing treatment or washing in the final adsorption stage, however, the zeta potential of NFC was close to an isoelectric point so that the dewatering ability increased remarkably. Low addition level of polyelectrolytes also showed the similar results. The mixing of NFC suspensions with opposite charge resulted in higher network strength and improved dewatering ability due to the flocculation.

Properties of Poly(acrylic acid) Hydrogel by the Surface Charge of Magnetite Nanoparticles (나노 자철광의 표면전하에 따른 Poly(acrylic acid) 수화젤의 물성)

  • Seo Dong-Pil;Kang Hwi-Won;Jeong Chang-Nam
    • Polymer(Korea)
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    • v.30 no.5
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    • pp.412-416
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    • 2006
  • The superparamagnetic nanoparticles were prepared by coprecipitation of $FeCl_3$ and $Na_2SO_3$ with $NH_4OH$ and the surface charge on hydroxyl group by chemisorption was changed depending on pH. We studied correlation between surface charge of magnetite and pH. Using this correlation the properties of poly (acrylic acid) (PAAc) hydrogel embedded with magnetite was studied. The magnetite was characterized by XRD, AFM. and FTIR. The zeta-potential of magnetite was influenced by pH: great positive charge was shown high under the pH 4 and isoelectric point was found at pH 7. The hydrogen bond formed by combining oi PAAc hydrogel and magnetic colloid under pH 4 caused tensile strength to increase, while swelling and elongation at break to decrease. The result confirmed that the magnetic moment was increased proportionally to the content of magnetite.