• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2011

Development of alternative energy is needed as the fossil is started to be exhausted. This alternative energy should be environmental friendly and renewable. Currently, the alternative energy which gets the most attraction is hydrogen. Hydrogen can be produced by a number of different processes. Among those methods, hydrogen production in biological way is considered as the most environmental friendly method. However, productivity of biological hydrogen production is not good enough to be commercialized yet. Thus, many researchers are trying to improve productivity and yield of biohydrogen production. Here, progress in the diverse developmental approaches on biological hydrogen production, is reviewed.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.251-259
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• 2021

Current seismic fragility functions for buildings were developed by defining damage state threshold based on story drift concerning foreign references and using the capacity spectrum method based on spectral displacement. In this study, insufficient details and dependence on the core location of piloti-type buildings were not reflected in the fragility function because it was developed before the Pohang earthquake. In order to develop an improved one for piloti-type buildings, several types of core were selected, damage state threshold was determined based on the capacity of structural members, and three-dimensional analyses were utilized. As a result, seismic fragility functions based on spectral acceleration were developed for various core locations and different shear strengths of the column stirrup. The fragility of piloti-type buildings significantly varied according to core location, an additional single wall, and whether the contribution of column stirrup was included or not. To estimate fragility more reasonably, it is necessary to prepare the parameters to reflect actual state well.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.2259-2277
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• 2023

We propose a probabilistic fish growth model for smart aquaculture systems equipped with IoT sensors that monitor the ecological environment. As IoT sensors permeate into smart aquaculture systems, environmental data such as oxygen level and temperature are collected frequently and automatically. However, there still exists data on fish weight, tank allocation, and other factors that are collected less frequently and manually by human workers due to technological limitations. Unlike sensor data, human-collected data are hard to obtain and are prone to poor quality due to missing data and reading errors. In a situation where different types of data are mixed, it becomes challenging to develop an effective fish growth model. This study explores the unique characteristics of such a combined environmental and weight dataset. To address these characteristics, we develop a preprocessing method and a probabilistic fish growth model using mixed data sampling (MIDAS) and overlapping mixtures of Gaussian processes (OMGP). We modify the OMGP to be applicable to prediction by setting a proper prior distribution that utilizes the characteristic that the ratio of fish groups does not significantly change as they grow. We conduct a numerical study using the eel dataset collected from a real smart aquaculture system, which reveals the promising performance of our model.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.49-58
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• 2022

The 2017 Pohang earthquake caused severe damage to low-rise piloti buildings. The damage was caused mainly by column shear failure, and some core walls were as well. The damaged piloti buildings in Pohang City could be relieved if they were designed correctly according to the standards at that time. However, the post-earthquake investigation revealed design, construction, and permission problems. To solve the problems, the Piloti Building Structure Design Guidelines that include strict specifications were published in 2018. Separately, KDS 41 17 00, the seismic design standard for buildings, was enacted in 2019 and it included the guideline contents. Therefore, at least after the publication of the guidelines, piloti buildings, designed by the standard and guidelines, can be expected to possess better seismic performance than existing piloti buildings. To confirm this, the probability of exceedance for several damage state thresholds was estimated for existing and designed piloti buildings. As a result, the probability of damage of designed piloti buildings was very low compared to existing ones. Consequently, it was confirmed that the guideline and standard adequately supplement the structural fragility of existing piloti buildings.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.542-545
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• 2007

P2P 환경에서 사용자들이 직접 자료를 평가하여 악의적인 자료들을 탐지하는 평판도 방법들이 많이 연구되었다. 하지만 기존의 평판도 방법들은 자료 또는 파일 단위의 평판도를 적용하기 때문에 자료의 일부분에 대한 미세한 평가를 할 수 없으며, 특정 부분 때문에 평판도가 낮아서 자료 전체가 사용되지 못한다는 문제점을 가진다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 자료 일부분에 대한 평판도를 적용하는 새로운 평판도 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 블록 기반의 평판도 방법은 자료의 부분에 대한 개별 평가를 하고 악의적인 블록을 배제함으로써 자료의 유익한 부분들만 사용할 수 있게 해 준다. 본 논문에서는 자료의 개별 블록 평판도와 피어의 신용도를 기반으로 하여 평판도 업데이트 방법과 개별 블록과 자료의 평가 방법을 제시한다. 또한 성능 평가를 통하여 제안하는 방법이 기존의 평판도 방법보다 자료에서 유익한 블록들만 추출하여 사용함을 보여주고 있으며, P2P 에서 발생하는 일인다역, 공모와 같은 공격에 안전함을 보이고 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.546-549
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• 2007

최근 P2P 파일 공유 시스템은 다운로드 속도를 높이기 위해 한 파일을 블록 단위로 나누어 여러 피어로부터 동시에 내려 받는다. 그러나 악의적인 피어가 고의적으로 변조한 파일을 전송 받게 되면 해당 블록의 재전송으로 네트워크 자원이 소모되고, 블록들을 재 조합하여 파일을 구성하는데 걸리는 시간이 증가한다. 본 연구에서는 자원 절약을 위해 고의적 변조 파일을 P2P 시스템에서 배제시키는 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 제안하는 방법은 디렉토리 서비스를 담당하는 피어가 변조 블록에 대한 신고를 받아 그 신고 횟수가 임계치에 도달하면, 해당 변조 블록을 포함한 파일을 검색 결과에서 배제시킴으로써 P2P 상에 공유되는 것을 막는다. 또한 제안하는 시스템의 성능을 모의 실험을 통해 평가한 결과, 일반적인 P2P 시스템 및 피어 평판 관리 시스템을 적용한 P2P 시스템보다 제안한 시스템의 고의적 변조 파일의 공유 비율이 각각 22 배, 4 배 낮고, 올바른 파일은 항상 공유되는 것을 확인하였다. 그러므로 제안하는 방법을 기존 P2P 시스템에 적용할 경우, 고의적 변조 파일의 다운로딩에서 발생하는 네트워크 자원 낭비를 줄일 수 있고 피어의 다운로드 속도도 증가할 것이다.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.51-56
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• 1976

A statistcal investigation was made on the seiches at Pohang harbor, east of Korea, based on the data of observations for the year 1973 and 1974. Pohang harbor has a most remarkable seiches comparing to the major harbors in Korea. The frequently observed conspicuos seiches at the harbor have a period of 20 to 24 minutes mostly and 60 to 84 minutes in the next place. Maximum height of seiches were 50cm in 1973 and 60cm in 1974, respectively, which were occured at the expansions of cold-dry continental high pressure and on the following day of passages of lowest pressurs. Minus tides at Pohang were occured more frequently than that of seiches and the minus tides falled more greatly at the time of seiches.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.311-317
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• 2011

Objective: The present study was intended to identify (1) the intra- and inter-rater reliabilities of a visual sensibility evaluation protocol and (2) the effects of NaCOC color and scouring method on the visual sensibility of NaCOC. Thirty female participants(20s & 30s) were participated in the visual sensibility evaluation of NaCOC. Background: Interests in naturally colored organic cotton(NaCOC) increase rapidly in parallel with the social trend of eco-friendly living and wellbeing. Method: Three color sets (ivory, green, and coyote-brown) of NaCOC specimens including one untreated and four treated specimens($Na_2CO_3$; NaOH; enzyme; boiling water) were examined in the study. The visual sensibility evaluation was conducted by the test-retest method using nine pairs of bipolar visual sensibility adjectives(bright-dark; clear-murky; heavy-light; vivid-subdued; warm-cool; fresh-stale; strong-weak; showy-plain; and luxurious-cheap). Results: As a result of reliability of a visual sensibility evaluation protocol, inter-rater variability(average SD=1.06) of visual sensibility evaluation was more than 1.4 times the intra-rater variability(average SD=0.74). However, both the sensibility evaluation reliabilities did not show any systematic pattern of changes. Lastly, ANOVA and post-hoc analysis showed that preferred scouring methods for a visual sensibility adjective pair significantly vary depending on NaCOC color. Application: Both the reliability of visual sensibility evaluation protocol and the analysis of proper scoring method of NaCOC in the study would be useful information to design the affective textile.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.4 s.19
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• pp.70-78
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• 2004

A study has been made to investigate the high temperature deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloyand to predict the final microstructure under given forming conditions. Equiaxed and $Widmanst\ddot{a}tten$ microstructures of Ti-6Al-4V alloys were prepared as initial microstructures. By performing the compression tests at high temperatures$(700\~1100^{\circ}C)$ and at a wide range of strain rates$(10^{-4}\~10^2/s)$, various parameters such as strain rate sensitivity(m) and activation energy(Q) were calculated and used to establish constitutive equations. When the specimens were deformed up to strain 0.6, equiaxed microstructure did not show any significant changes in microstructure, while $Widmanst\ddot{a}tten$ microstructure revealed considerable flow softening, which was attributed to the globularization of a platelet at the temperature range of $800\~970^{\circ}C$ and at the strain rate range of $10^{-4}\~10^{-2}/s$. To predict the final microstructure after forming, finite element analysis was performed considering the microstructural evolution during the deformation. The grain size and the volume fraction of second phase of deformed body were predicted and compared with the experimental results.

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
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• v.9
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• pp.165-170
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• 1999

We have investigated the mixed-state Hall effect in HgBa$_2CaCu_2O_6$, HgBa$_2Ca_2Cu_3O_8$, and Tl$_2Ba_2Cau_2O_8$ thin films as functions of the magnetic field up to 18 T. At high fields and low temperatures, the scaling exponent in ${\rho}_{xy}$ = A${\rho}_{xx}\;^{\beta}$ shows a universal behavior, ${\beta}$ = 1 ${\pm}$ 0.1, regardless of the field, the number of CuO$_2$ layers, the types of defects, and even the types of compounds. At low fields and high temperatures, p = 1 ${\pm}$ 0.1 also appears as a universal number although the observed field range is rather limited. These observations show the universal scaling of Hall resistivity in the regions of the clean and the moderately clean limit, consistent with a theory based on the midgap states in the vortex core.