• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.90-103
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• 2005

Objective: This study was carried out to assess the status of working environments, to improve the working environments, and to be helpful to prevent occupational disease. Methods: The authors measured the noise level, concentration of dust, heavy metals, organic solvents, and other chemicals at 95 industries (22 working processes) by type of working process in manufacturing industry of parts and accessories for motor vehicles and its engines from January to December 2003. Samples were measured and analyzed by regulations of Korea Ministry of Labor, manuals of National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Results: Results are as follows. 1. Major processes exceeding mean noise levels provided the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV) were shakeout [97.5 dB(A)]. shot-blast [94.2 dB(A)], pressing [92.9 dB(A)], crushing [91.2 dB(A)], and cleaning [90.6 dB(A)]. 2. Mean concentrations of dusts were not exceeded to the TLV. But concentration on some points of processes as like welding (6.50 mg/m3), foundry (5.24 mg/m3) were exceeded. 3. Mean concentrations of heavy metals were not exceeded to the TLV. 4. Mean concentrations of organic solvents and chemicals were not exceeded to the TLV. 5. Improving rate for working environment were significantly higher in industries with health manager than without (p<0.05), and by increasing the year of working environmental measurement (p<0.01). Conclusions: The results suggest that working processes of exceeding to the TLV will be needed rapid improvement of the working environment, and also the others will be needed positive management of the working environment. Health managers must be recommended to employ in the workplace, and further studies for relationship between working environment and health effects for the workers must be carried out.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.230-236
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• 1990

To examine the behavior of yellow tail Seriola quinqueradiata and of file fish Navodon modestus to set net, the 1/30 scale model net of the actual set net used in the east coast of Korea was made of netting and set in the indoor experimental tank(700cm W$\times$700cm L$\times$100cm D), of which the water depth was kept 70cm. Total length of yellow tail examined were 37~45cm and file fish were 18~21cm. The fishes were released as groups of 3 to 20 individuals. The number of fish entered into the pound net or the bag net, escaped from the net was counted every minute and accumulated for 10minutes to check the ratio entered and the ratio escaped. The result obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. In case of yellow tail, even though the ratio entered into the pound net was not so high, that into the bag net was comparatively high. Traces of the fish swimming were comparatively smooth and both entering into the pound net and escaping from it was easily done. 2. In case of file fish, even though the ratio entered into the pound net was higher than that of yellow tail, that into the bag net was lower than that into the pound net. Traces of the fish swimming were roundly meandered. Entering into the bag net was not so smoothly done, even though that into the playground was smoothly done. 3. Both yellow tail and file fish, the ratio escaped from the bag net was almost0 and that from the pound net was less than 10%.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.458-463
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• 2005

[ $H_2$ ] from CO and water was continuously produced in a trickle bed reactor(TBR) using Citrobacter amalonaticus Y19. When the strain C. was cultivated in a stirred-tank reactor under a chemoheterotrophic and aerobic condition, the high final cell concentration of 13 g/L was obtained at 10 hr. When the culture was switched to an anaerobic condition with the continuous supply of gaseous CO, CO-dependent hydrogenase was fully induced and its hydrogen production activity approached 16 mmol/g cell/hr in 60 hr. The fully induced C. amalonaticus Y19 cells were circulated through a TBR packed with polyurethane foam, and the TBR was operated for more than 20 days for $H_2$ production. As gas retention time decreased or inlet CO partial pressure increased, $H_2$ production rate increased but the conversion from CO to $H_2$ decreased. The maximum $H_2$ production rate obtained was 16 mmol/L/hr at the gas retention time of 25 min and the CO inlet partial pressure of 0.4 atm. The high $H_2$ production rate was attributed to the high cell density in the liquid phase circulating the TBR as well as the high surface area of polyurethane foam used as packing material of the TBR.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.439-448
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• 2010

General consensus on typical vertical profile of dissolved oxygen in the Ulleung Basin is that dissolved oxygen concentration beyond 300 m decreases with increasing depth. However, the results of our observations in 2005 and 2006 revealed three different dissolved oxygen distribution types in the deep layer of the Ulleung Basin. The first type showed oxygen concentration decreasing with increasing depth (Type-1), the second showed oxygen concentration decreasing very sharply near the bottom boundary layer but constant in the bottom adiabatic layer (Type-2), the final was of the oxygen minimum layer above the bottom boundary layer (Type-3). Type-2 was the most common pattern in the Ulleung Basin. Type-1 was most common close to the Japan Basin, including the Ulleung Interplane Gap, while Type-3 was found around Dok do. Oxygen Consumption Rate (OCR) at surface sediment estimated using the dissolved oxygen distribution at the bottom boundary layer was $0.2{\sim}5.8\;mmol{\cdot}m^{-2}d^{-1}$, which coincided with OCR from direct sediment incubation. This implies that organic matter decomposition at surface sediment may play an important role in dissolved oxygen distribution patterns at the bottom boundary layer of the Ulleung Basin.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.151-161
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• 2007

Statistical characteristic analysis was carried out using the non-tidal components computed by the harmonic analysis of the tidal elevation data in East coast. The tide gauging stations included in this study are the Sokcho, Mukho, Hupo, Pohang, Ulsan and Ulreungdo stations. In this study, the variance and skewness coefficient (SC) information changes, i.e., the max. value, min. value, mean and standard deviation of the variance and SC, are compared and analysed in detail by the various analysis periods increased from one year to the maximum available period. Based on the result of the statistical information (SI) range analysis, the minimum analysis period required in order to satisfy the confidence interval of the ${\pm}5%$ range of the variance and the ${\pm}0.1$ range of the SC is suggested as the 12 years, except the Ulreungdo stations. The auto-correlation and spectral density change patterns show the very similar shapes in every stations even though the absolute values are a little bit different each other.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 2003

Water temperature during the culturing period was 10.4-25.5$^{\circ}C$ and there was a little difference between rearing sites. Salinity (25.00-31.17 psu) and DO (over 6.13 mg/l) showed reasonable condition for the growth of bay scallop. Concentrations of chlorophyll-a were ranged 1.69-7.40 $^{\mu}$g/l, and they fluctuated monthly in the every sampling site. During the growing period from June to October, dominant phytoplankton species were Ceratium sp. in Nammeon and Hoejin, Chaetoceros sp. in Dolsan. Density of phytoplankton was high in July, August and October, but it was low in September and November. When young bay scallops were cultured for 185 days in Nammyeon, Hoejin and Dolsan, shell heights were grown for 0.19 mm/day, 0.18 mm/day and 0.16 mm/day, respectively, and total weights were increased 0.16 g/day, 0.16 g/day and 0.13 g/day, respectively. Daily growth rates of shell height were 0.606%, 0.581% and 0.549%, and daily growth rates of total weight were 1.972%, 1.857% and 1.746%, respectively. Maximum predicted values of shell height calculated by von Bertalanffy growth model were 52.62 mm, 51.74 mm and 48.91 mm, respectively. Survival rate was the highest in Nammyeon (87.0%), but the rates in Hoejin and Dolsan sharply decreased after November.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.661-667
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• 2014

This study is a cross-sectional study for conscripts with chronic low back pain, where it is designed to investigate general characteristics that conscripts with chronic low back pain carry, and it is also aimed to analyze the correlation as well as discrepancy within pain, depression and body mass index depending on their ranks. In this study, 90 Korean conscripts with chronic low back pain participated. And in order to analyze general characteristics as well as pain, depression and body mass index of the subjects, this study adopted a survey questionnaire upon general characteristics, and it also employed Visual Analogue Scacle(VAS) and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression(CES-D) Scale which have proven their credibility, where BMI values for the subjects were calculated based on 'Asian Pacific standard' Body Mass Index(BMI). From the general characteristics exhibited by the subjects through this study, average age and average height of the subjects were $20.78{\pm}1.41$ and $175.97{\pm}5.34$ respectively; and corporals displayed the highest ratio of 42% with the chronic low back pain while 40% of the total subjects experienced the duration of the illness less than 6 to 9 months. Moreover, 57.8% of all subjects were reportedly suffering moderate pain, and 48% exhibited depression while 49% carried BMI value between 18.5 and $22.9kg/m^2$(normal range). Based on the analysis of correlation among pain, depression, discrepancy of BMI depending on the ranks and each independent variable, it appears that there is no significant difference amongst the ranks, and there is no correlation between independent variables; however, it was obvious that all groups divided by the ranks had a moderate pain(45-74mm), depression(${\geq}16$) and BMI value in normal range(18.5-22.9).

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.348-353
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• 2012

We investigated chemical states of a $Sb_2Te_3$ thin film with the polycrystalline phase by using high-resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation. The $Sb_2Te_3$ thin film was formed by sputtering. The rhombohedral phase was confirmed by x-ray diffraction. To remove the surface oxide, we performed $Ne^+$ ion sputtering for 1 hour with the beam energy of 1 kV and post-annealing at $100^{\circ}C$ for 5 min in ultra-high vacuum. We obtained the Te and Sb 4d core-levels spectra with the peaks at the binding energies of 40.4 and 33.0 eV, respectively. The full-width of half maximum of both the Te and Sb $4d_{5/2}$ core-levels is 0.9 eV. The Te and Sb core-levels only show a single chemical state, and we also confirmed the stoichiometry of approximately 2 : 3.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.131-141
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• 2013

Stock identification of Todarodes pacificus collected in the East Sea, Yellow Sea and East China Sea during the period from September to December in 2011 was analyzed by morphometric characters and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene nucleotide variations. Frequency distributions of mantle length was analyzed by morphological method with measuring size of T. pacificus. Then each stock was estimated to confirm their maturation for mean mantle length comparing with mean mature mantle length 20-22 cm. According to morphologic stock identification, it is estimated that the northern part of East Sea is categorized as summer stock and the rest parts, including mid /southern part of the East Sea, northern part of the East China Sea and northern part of the West Sea were autumn stock. For genetic analysis, a total 49 haplotypes were defined by 33 variable nucleotide sites. From the extensive haplotype diversity, limited nucleotide diversity and star-like shape of haplotype network, T. pacificus appears to have undergone rapid population expansion from an ancestral population with a small effective population size. Although pair-wise Fst estimates which represent genetic difference among groups were low, there are relatively remarkable difference of Fst between middle and southern part of the East Sea. Although middle part of the East Sea and southern part of the East Sea were situated at the East Sea, genetically separated groups were appeared.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.271-276
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• 2006

Previously we demonstrated that virus-inducible stress protein (VISP) is induced in fish cells by the infection of a fish rhabdovirus. In this paper, we investigated the subcellular localization of the VISP and determined the region of VISP responsible for the subcellular localization. The CHSE-214 cells were stained with monoclonal antibody raised against VISP and observed with confocal microscope to detect the endogenous VISP. The results showed that the VISP localizes to the perinuclear region as spots. A plasmid expressing VISP fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was constructed. The transient expression of full-length VISP fused to EGFP in CHSE-214 cells confirmed the spot formation of the VISP at perinuclear region. To determine the region responsible for the perinuclear localization of the VISP, we constructed a series of deletion mutants and, by using these deletion mutants, we found that C-terminal region of the VISP (aa 612-710) is essential for the perinuclear distribution of VISP and that this region contained nuclear receptor binding motif (691-TLTSLLL-697). Our results suggest that VISP localizes to the perinuclear region and C-terminal regions are important for this localization. Further studies on the role of the perinuclear localization of VISP in IHNV growth mali reveal the novel mechanism of IHNV pathogenecity.