• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.43-73
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• 2016

Purpose: The aims of this study were to assess the presence of core patient safety practices in Korean hospitals and assess the differences in reporting and learning systems of patient safety, infrastructure, and safe practices by hospital characteristics. Methods: The authors developed a questionnaire including 39 items of patient safety staffing, health information system, reporting system, and event-specific prevention practices. The survey was conducted online or e-mail with 407 tertiary, general and specialty hospitals. Results: About 90% of hospitals answered the self-reporting system of patient safety related events is established. More than 90% of hospitals applied incidence monitoring or root cause analysis on healthcare-associated infection, in-facility pressure ulcers and falls, but only 60% did on surgery/procedure related events. More than 50% of the hospitals did not adopted present on admission (POA) indicators. One hundred (80.0%) hospitals had a department of patient safety and/or quality and only 52.8% of hospitals had a patient safety officer (PSO). While 82.4% of hospitals used electronic medical records (EMRs), only 53% of these hospitals adopted clinical decision support function. Infrastructure for patient safety except EMRs was well established in training, high-level and large hospitals. Most hospitals implemented prevention practices of adverse drug events, in-facility pressure ulcers and falls (94.4-100.0%). But prevention practices of surgery/procedure related events had relatively low adoption rate (59.2-92.8%). Majority of prevention practices for patient safety events were also implemented with a relatively modest increase in resources allocated. Conclusion: The hospital-based reporting and learning system, EMRs, and core evidence-based prevention practices were implemented well in high-level and large hospitals. But POA indicator and PSO were not adopted in more than half of surveyed hospitals and implementation of prevention practices for specific event had low. To support and monitor progress in hospital's patient safety effort, national-level safety practices set is needed.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.191-200
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• 1999

The objective of this study was to improve the recycling rate of coal ash fly, industrial waste. This study was conducted to analyze the physico-chemical properties of \"CellCaSi\" and clarify the effects on the growth of Kentucky bluegrass(Poa pratensis L.) and creeping bentgrass(Agrostis paulstris Huds \"Penncross\") and the chemical properties of soil, which was cellular calcium silicate reproduced by coal ash fly. A field assay was carried out in Young-Pyong Golf Course. The results were as follows. 1. The main chemical composition of CellCaSi was $SiO_2$(45~55%) and CaO(25~35), which was 70~90% of total weight. CellCaSi showed pH 8~9. Bulk density of CellCaSi was 0.35~0.45g/㎤. Water content of CellCaSi was 52.5~67.5%. 2. In the applied plots, leaf width, grass density per $1\textrm{cm}^2$, rhizome number and length per plant, and root number per plant of Kentucky bluegrass(Poa pratensis L.) and creeping bentgrass(Agrostis paulstris Huds \"Penncross\") showed increasing tendency compared with the control. The application of CellCaSi increased the growth of turfgrasses. Their visual quality on hardness, grass shoot density per $1\textrm{cm}^2$ and root growth was very good. And, their visual quality on rhizome growth was good. 3. After the application of CellCaSi, pH, CEC, Ex-cation of the applied soil showed increasing tendency with the little range, $SiO_2$content increasing tendency considerably, and organic matter content decreasing tendency compared with the control.ncy compared with the control.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.155-162
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• 2013

Objective: Stress is known to be an inhibitor of the reproductive hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. However, the neural and molecular connections between stress and reproduction are not yet understood. It is well established that in both humans and rodents, kisspeptin (encoded by the kiss1 gene) is a strong stimulator of the HPG axis. In the present study we hypothesized that endocannabinoids, an important neuromodulatory system in the brain, can act on the HPG axis at the level of kiss1 expression to inhibit reproductive function under stress. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were unilaterally implanted with an intracerebroventricular cannula. Afterwards, the animals were exposed to immobilization stress, with or without the presence of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (1 ${\mu}g/rat$). Blood samples were collected through a retro-orbital plexus puncture before and after stress. Five hours after the stress, brain tissue was collected for reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction measurements of kiss1 mRNA. Results: Immobilization stress (1 hour) resulted in a decrease in the serum luteinizing hormone concentration. Additionally, kiss1 gene expression was decreased in key hypothalamic nuclei that regulate gonadotrophin secretion, the medial preoptic area (mPOA), and to some extent the arcuate nucleus (ARC). A single central administration of AM251 was effective in blocking these inhibitory responses. Conclusion: These findings suggest that endocannabinoids mediate, at least in part, immobilization stress-induced inhibition of the reproductive system. Our data suggest that the connection between immobilization stress and the HPG axis is kiss1 expression in the mPOA rather than the ARC.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2023

Recently, aerospace industries in South Korea are expected to continue to grow due to UAM. Accordingly, certification services for aircraft are expected to increase. As a way to cope with the increase of certification work, one could consider a delegation system that can limitedly delegate the unique role of airworthiness authorities. In this paper, we reviewed regulations of FAA's individual delegation (DER, DAR, DMIR, etc.), the organizational delegation system (ODA), and the EASA's organizational delegation system (DOA, POA). We also reviewed regulations and actual status of delegation system in South Korea. On the basis of these, considering circumstances of aerospace industries in South Korea, we presented a method to introduce certification delegation system gradually and to improve domestic certification regulation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.12-20
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• 1998

This study was carried out from June 1996 to November 1997 to analyze the growth characteristics of the introduced species revegetated on highway cut-slopes. The number of revegetation measures type surveyed were fourteen such as seed-spraying measures, block-sod pitching measures, and hydro-seeding measures with seed-fertilizer-soil materials. The introduced species for revegetation measures were mostly Festuca arundinancea(cool season grass), Eragrostic curvula(warm season grass), Lolium perenne(cool season grass), Dactylis glomerata(cool season grass), Poa pratensia(cool season grass). The species diversity index of the upper part on highway cut-slopes were greater than that of the middle part and lower part. The growth of introduced species was good on north-facing cut-slope than the others and that was flourish in temperate north forest zone. Also, the introduced species seemed to decrease or disappear, while the ratio of native woody and herb species which were in mature stage seemed to increase.

• MALSORI
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• no.46
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• pp.13-24
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• 2003

This experimental study shows that, in reading of the English isolated words that are enumerated, the releasing of the word-final stop is employed for signaling enumeration in company with the well-known intonational pattern for it. Furthermore, this study tries to find the aspects of the releasing of the stops in the word-final positions, focusing on the association of the stop releasing/nonreleasing with i) the POA (Place of Articulation) distinction of the word-final stop, ii) the various qualities of the vowel before the final stop, and iii) the voice distinction of the stop in the word-final position.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.17
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• pp.313-317
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• 2001

The Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan has set up six research groups concerning the endocrine disrupting chemicals. One of these projects was "A study on development of testing methodology for health effects due to exposure of environmental endocrine disruptors". In this paper, three topics are described. In OECD collaboration for pre-validation of uterotrophic assay, the most sensitive response to ethnyl estradiol was noted in the ovarectomized rats treated subcutaneously for 7 days. Secondly, it was suggested that changes of the serum $\alpha_{2u}$-globulin level may be a sensitive parameter for detecting the estrogenic activities of chemicals. Finally, development of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of preoptic area in the brain oj male rats was inhibited by the treatment with estrogenic chemicals, and their masculine behaviors and reproductive abilities were impaired after sexual maturation. In conclusion, these parameters are considered to be sensitive endpoints for testing estrogenic chemicals.chemicals.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 1992

Urea, the major N source of world agriculture involves a serious urea-N loss through NH$_3$volatilization. Approaches to decrease N loss include using urease inhibitors in view of the environmental protection and the increase of urea-N efficiency. The purpose of laboratory researches was toassess the potential value of urease inhibitors to increase urea-N efficiency in soil and Kentucky blue-grass(Poa Pratensis L.) turf. The activity of urease inhibitors Phenyiphosphorodiamjdate(ppD) and N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamjde(NBPT) measured to break-down ammonia volatilization. The soil and turf used in this project were from the fairway in one of the Korean gof course. The researches were carried out for two weeks to measure the urease activities on urea hydrolysis under four temperatures (10~ 40$^{\circ}C$) and for one week on turfgrass using forced-draft system. Results indicated that Urea-N involves considerable loss through gaseous NH$_3$ by urease activities in plant-soil systems. Urease inhibitors PPD and NBPT have potential value for increasing N use efficiency by reduing NH$_3$ volatilization. NBPT deserves futher evaluation as fertilizer amendment than PPD use of urea in turf industries.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.203-210
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• 1998

Environmental concerns arising from synthetic herbicides in plant management systems have led to an interest in plant-derived compounds as natural herbicides. Inhibitory effects of compounds extracted with 50% methanol from corn (Zea mays L.) and pine (Pinus densiflora L.) were evaluated on large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.), annual bluegrass Poa annua L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) The aqueous extracts inhibited seed germination and had postemergence activity on the four species. The stability of biological activity of corn grain, stover, and root extracts was not affected by heating to $135^{\circ}C$ or freezing/thawing treatments when applied at levels above 0.25kg m(sup)-2 based on dry weights of powders before extraction. Heating reduced the activity of pine litter and bark extracts at all levels except the highest application level but had little effect on pine needle extracts.

• MALSORI
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• no.45
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• pp.1-14
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• 2003

This paper criticizes S. Kim (1992), claiming that the perception of place cues in the reduced stop consonant clusters ('reducing' means 'cutting off' the acoustic silence in stop clusters) largely depends on the acoustic characteristics such as formant transition and noise frequency distribution of stop burst, rather than the closure duration time as advocated by S. Kim (1992). The claim is based on the perception test conducted upon 111 stimuli over 10 subjects. The finding is that, when the closure duration is cut off up to the point where only one stop is perceived, place of the second stop, not the first one, in the cluster is in most cases perceived regardless of the places of the first and second stops. It is likely that the place cues of the stop in the prevocalic position mask those in the postvocalic position.