• 제목/요약/키워드: PoI

검색결과 385건 처리시간 0.034초

유류오염의 미생물학적 제어 (Bioremedation of petrolium pollution)

  • 이상준;차미선;이근희
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국지하수토양환경학회 2001년도 제3회 부산.경남지부 심포지엄
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    • pp.14-28
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    • 2001
  • As basic study for purpose bioremedation in oil-contaminated environment, Primarily, we isolated biosurfactant producer- strains utilized of oil-agar plate, and measured surface tension and emulsifying activity. We investigated in oil-contaminated soil and sea water. In this laboratory, Pseudomonas sp. EL-012S strain isolated from oil-contaminated soil was able to product novel biosurfactant under the optimal culture condition. Its condition was n-hexadecane 2.0%, NH$_4$NO$_3$0.4%, Na$_2$HPO$_4$0.6%, KH$_2$PO$_4$0.4%, MgSO$_4$.7$H_2O$ 0.02%, CaCl$_2$.2$H_2O$ 0.001%, FeSO.7$H_2O$ 0.001%, initial pH 7.0 and aeration at 3$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. This biosurfactant was produced in both late-exponential and early-stationary phase. The biosurfactant from Pseudomonas sp. EL-012S was composed of carbohydrate, lipid and protein. The purified-biosurfactant was examined two (biosurfactant type I, II) with the silica gel G60 column chromatography and the purified biosurfactant confirmed thin layer chromatography, high performed liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. The biosurfactant type I involved in carbohydrate-lipid-protein characteristics lowered surface tension of water to 27dyne/cm and interfacial tension 4.5dyne/cm aginst to n-hexadecane and the biosurfactant type B involved in carbohydrate lipid characteristics lowered surface tension of water to 30dyne/cm and interfacial tension 8dyne/cm against to n-hexadecane. Specially type I had the properties such as strong emulsifying activity, emulsion stability, pH-stability, thermo-stability, high cleaning activity and forming ability.

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축분 퇴비의 이화학적 특성과 발아지수를 이용한 부숙도 평가 (Evaluation of Compost Maturity by Physico-chemical Properties and Germination Index of Livestock Manure Compost)

  • 장기운;홍주화;이종진;한기필;김남천
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제41권2호
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    • pp.137-142
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    • 2008
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the humification grade of compost, based on physico-chemical property and phyto-toxicity during the composting with three kinds of livestock manures and saw dust. The ratios of the compost, which was mixed with pig manure(P) and sawdust(S) were 4 : 6(PS-1), 5 : 5(PS-2) and 6 : 4(PS-3); poultry manure(PO) and sawdust(S) were 4 : 6(POS-1), 5 : 5(POS-2) and 6 : 4(POS-3); cow manure(C) and sawdust(S) were 4 : 6(CS-1), 5 : 5(CS-2) and 6 : 4(CS-3) by volume to volume, and they were decomposed for 60 days. In the result, the temperature in all treatments during composting rapidly increased above $65.4^{\circ}C$, and then gradually decreased to around $40^{\circ}C$. At 60 day, after the treatment, pH 5.9 ~ 8.0 at the incipient stage increased to 7.6 ~ 8.5, and the C/N ratio was 13.8 ~ 21.1 at the final composting stage. Germination Index(G.I.) showed in the range of 75.1 ~ 94.6 in all treatments at day 60. Therefore, it is likely recommended to take the best humification grade when the temperature maintains above $65^{\circ}C$ longer than a day at minimum, in the range of pH 6.5 ~ 8.5 for the final compost, under 20 of C/N ratio, and G.I. above 80. The level of G.I. above 80 should be the mature compost which could be used in the field without gas demage to crops.

폐수처리장 방류수 관개가 벼생육 및 침출수 염농도에 미치는 영향 (Influences of Discharge Waters from Wastewater Treatment Plants on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Growth and Percolation Water Salinity)

  • 신중두;이종식;김원일;이창은;윤순강;엄기철
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제36권1호
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    • pp.24-31
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    • 2003
  • 벼 재배에 있어 이앙기 가뭄시 대체 용수원을 개발하고자 공장폐수처리장(이하 공장폐수 처리수)와 하수종말처리장 방류수(이하 하수처리수)를 관개한 다음 지하 침투수 수질 및 벼생육 변화를 구명하기 위해 본 시험을 수행하였다. 대체 관개 용수원으로서 공장폐수 처리수의 COD, $NH_4{^+}-N$, $Mn^{2+}$, 및 $Ni^+$ 농도와 하수처리수중의 SS및 $PO_4-P$농도는 여러 국가들의 관개 재활용 수질 기준보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 하수처리수의 초장은 공장폐수 처리수 10일간 관개구를 제외하고 지하수 관개구 보다 약 2 cm 정도 짧았으나, 지하수 및 하수처리수 관개구의 경수는 관개기간에 관개 없이 유의차가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 하수처리수 및 공장폐수 처리수 20일 관개구의 수확지수는 유의차가 없었지만, 공장폐수 처리수 30일 관개구의 수확지수는 토성에 관계없이 하수처리수 관개구 보다 약간 높은 것으로 나타났다. 공장폐수 처리수 관개구의 토양 침출수중의 SAR값은 하수처리수 관개구보다 2배 이상 높았지만, 하수처리수 관개구는 지하수 관개구와 비교하여 유의차가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이앙 30일 후 공장폐수 및 하수종말처리수 관개구의 토양침출수중 평균 전기전도도(EC1) 값은 각각 식양토에서 4.7과 $3.4dS\;m^{-1}$ 그리고 사양토에서 3.5 및 $2.5dS\;m^{-1}$로 나타났다. 전생육 기간 및 토성에 따른 공장폐수 처리수 관개구의 토양 침출수중 $EC_i$값이 하수처리수 관개구 보다 2배 이상 높게 나타났지만, 이앙 30일 후부터 급격히 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그렇지만 하수종말 처리수 관개구의 토양 침출수 중 $EC_i$ 값은 지하수 관개구와 비교하여 유의차가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 보아 벼 재배시 하수종말 처리수는 가뭄으로 인한 농업용수가 부족한 경우 대체수자원으로서 잠정적 활용이 가능한 것으로 생각된다.

조선시대(朝鮮時代) 유교사상(儒敎思想)과 의예복연구(儀禮服硏究) - 남자(男子) 포(袍)를 중심(中心)으로 - (A study on ceremonial costume and Confucianism is Chosun Dynasty - Focusing on Men's Po -)

  • 이선재
    • 복식
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    • 제16권
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    • pp.221-229
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    • 1991
  • This thesis aims at reviewing the wearing aspect and formation of Chosun ceremonial dresses for meal and finding out the thought reflected by them from the standpoint that dresses themselves should be taken as one of the phenomena in culture. That is men's ceremonial costumes and confucian costumes of the royal family and the gentry family in Chosun is reviewed focused on the formation and the wearing aspect of Po, Which is a kind of them. And in the context of the phase of the times. I also considered the thoughts reflected on the clothes such as confucianism, Ying & Yang Theory, and the symbol and the thoughts of patterns in relation to the clothes. Confucian influence was the main force for the Chosun prohibitions for clothes. The major reasons for the prohibitions for clothes were as follows. First, they reflected confucian Chung myoung chooui(the principle that everything should be where it belongs). That is the prohibitions for clothes were used in the means to maintain feudalistic social order. influenced by social rank system. Second, they reflected confucian ethics in the means to recover social disciplines with the maintenance of traditional customs. This shows well in the restriction of luxurious items in dressing included the prohibitions for clothes. Third, they reflected Chosun's toadysm toward China. With the influx of Chinese style of dressing then government even changed the style of uniforms for public officials into that of Chinese resulting in dual styles of dressing. Ying & Yan Theory greatly affected the colors of Korean clothes and reflected toadysm toward China. too. The theory was embodied by prohibition of such colors for clothes as white, gray, and jade green. I reviewed the twelve patterns on Myunpok, Ten-Longivity patterns and Four-Gracious plants patterns in order to analyze the symbolism and thoughts of patterns for clothes. Nansam, Dopo, and Shimui worn by confucian scholars ensures that those clothes bears confucianism and philosopical factors. As shimui was worn by many people it appears in Chosun scholars' studies and a Chinese book called "Yeki". I reviewed the origin, procession, and ornaments of four ceremonial clothes and tried to find out the confucianism in them. First, In Kwanrei (the coming-of-age ceremony) remained ancestor worship and respect for manners. The clothes for this ceremony granted the rights and responsibilities of and adult to the wearer. The royal Kwanreipok had different dresses for each rank. As Samgapok, the crown prince wore Iksunkwan and Konryongpo for the first ritual, Wonryukwan and Kangsapo for the second, and Myunrukwan and Konpok for the third. The rank of the King's grandson was lower than the crown prince's. This example shows that Chosun people respected manners and thought the basic confucianism "God and people are equal." at the Royal court. Second, as Honreipok(wedding gown), the crown prince wore Myunrukwan and Konpok for Daereipok, Wonyukwan and Kangsapo for Napjing and Tongwoo, and Iksunkwan and Konryongpo for Chekbinui. But common people were allowed to wear an official outfit only for wedding in the means of congratulation on the most important day of their life. Wedding gowns which reflected Ying and Yang Theory emphasized the thought that union of a man and a wife is the most important event in life. Third, Sangrei(funeral) was the last ritual of a human being to send off the deceased. The mourning dresses expressed lamentation of the people left behind. Five-Dress-System for each the relative degree of familarity showed the solemnity and formality, which represented the formality of confucianism and ancestor worship. I reviewed the mourning dresses by dividing them into royal, Yangban's, and commons. They were featured by the fact that there was only one style for every walk of life. It is construed that anyone in mourning can wear the same clothes since he feels the same way regardless of his social rank. Fourth, Chereipok(sacrificial rite dresses) had different styles for each social rank. The King wore Myunpok(Kuryumyun and Kujangpok) were recorded to be worn first in the fourth year of King Taecho's ruling. The crown prince wore Palryumyun and Chiljangpok for sacrificial rite dress which was finally settled when King Sejong was in power. Common people wore Dopo, Shimui for the rite dress in the beginning of the Chosun Era and wore Dopo after Japanese invasion of Korea in 1592. In conclusion, confucianism played the main role in ceremonial dress system of Chosun and that was because it emphasized the ethics of action in life, which was different from other religions. It is true that cause-oriented thoughts and Chung myoung chooui in confucianism drove all ceremonies to extreme manners, discriminating the people who belonged to the lower social rank, and resulting in extremly luxurious life style. However, they also created a unique trend and clothes culture in the Chosun Era. I wish that this thesis provieds important information and direction for furthur studies in the future.

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미생물(微生物) Inulase에 관한 연구(硏究) 제1보(第一報) -Inulase생산균주(生産菌株)의 분리(分離)와 효소생산(酵素生産)을 위한 배양조건(培養條件)의 검토(檢討)- (Studies on Microbial Inulase (Part I) -A Study on the Isolation of an Inulase Producing strain and the Optimum Cultural Conditions for the Enzyme Production-)

  • 김기철
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.42-51
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    • 1975
  • 돼지감자 시료(試料)(Putrefactived and dry Jerusalem artichoke)로 부터 강력(强力)한 Inulin가수분해(加水分解) 효소(酵素)를 생산(生産)하는 Penicillium sp. I을 분리선발(分離選拔)하였고 본균(本菌)을 사용(使用)하여 효소생산(酵素生産)에 관(關)한 최적배양조건(最適培養條件)을 검토(檢討)하여 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. Penicillium sp. I은 Inulase생산력(生産力)이 강(强)한 균주(菌株)이다. 2. 본균(本菌)의 Inulase생산(生産)을 위한 최적배양(最適培養) 조건(條件)을 Jerusalem artichokoke extract media와 Basal media의 두 배양기(培養基)에서 결정(決定) 하였다. 3. Jerusalem artichoke extract media에서 Basal media보다 Inulase생산력(生産力)이 높았다. 4. Inulase생산능(生産能)도 Jerusalem artichoke extract media에서는 4일(日) Basal media에서는 5일(日) 배양(培養)으로써 최고치(最高値)에 도달하였다. 5. Inulin농도(濃度), pH. 온도조건(溫度條件) Jerusalem artichoke extract media에서는 opt. temp $30^{\circ}COpt.$ pH 5.0, Opt. conc 4.0%(W/V)로 나타나고 Basal media에서는 Opt temp $30{\sim}33^{\circ}C$, Opt. pH $5.0{\sim}6.0$, Opt conc $1.0{\sim}1.5%(W/V)$ 6. 질소원(窒素源)으로서는 Corn Steep Liquir, Peptone, $(NH_4)_2HPO_4,\;NH_4H_2PO_4,\;(NH_4)_2SO_4$등이 량호(良好)하고 특히 유기질소원(有機窒素源)을 가(加)함으로써 Basal meaia에서 Inulase생산(生産)을 증가(增加)시켰다. 7. 당원(糖源)의 이용(利用)으로써는 Inulin이외(以外)의 제당(諸糖)은 Inulase생산(生産)에 영향(影響)을 미치지 않았다. 8. 금속(金屬) 염류(鹽類)의 이용(利用)은 KCI. $MgSO_4,\;FeSO_4$등이 Inulase생산(生産)을 증가(增加)시켰다.

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Determination of blood concentration of higenamine by high pressure liquid chromatography

  • Park, Sun-Oak;Hong, Chang-Yee;Paik, Seung-Whan;YunChoi, Hye-Sook
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.60-66
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    • 1987
  • A procedure utilizing high pressure liquid chroatography coupled with UV detection is described for the determination of blood concentration of higenamine. Deproteinized serum was pretreated with$C_{18}$(Sep-pak $C_{18}$ cartridge) and the 70% EtOH eluent was applied onto a reversed-phase column ($\mu$ Bondapak $C_{18}]$) with a 15% acetonitrile in 0.05 N $NaH_2$$PO_4$-trichloroacetic acid mixed buffer (pH 2.8) as a mobile phase. With the UV detection at 232 nm, the retention times of higenamine and 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydropapaveroline, an internal standard, were 5.2 min and 3.9 min respectively. The blood concentration of higenamine was meausred at regular intervals after i. v. injection of higenamine to rabbit. A drastic decrease in higenamine concentration to 30% of the maximum value obtained immediately after the injection, was observed during the first 1-2 min period and thereafter the rate of decrease was slowed down. The analytical result seemed to coincide with the pharmacological effect of higenamine exerting the maximum chronotropic and hypotensive effect at the completion of the injections which were progressively recovered.

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진공증착법을 이용한 PVDF 박막의 제작 (The manufacture of poly(vinylidene fluoride) thin film through vapor deposition method)

  • 박수홍;임응춘;한상옥;진경시;정해덕;박강식;이덕출
    • 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전기학회 1995년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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    • pp.1190-1192
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    • 1995
  • Poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) is one of the most studied polymers in the latest date. The interest in PVDF lies in its remarkable piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties. Also, PVDF has at least four known crystalline structures(; they are referred to as the ${\alpha},\;{\beta},\;{\gamma}\;and\;{\alpha}_p$ phase or forms II, I, III and $IV_p$). In this study, the manufactured PVDF thin film through vapor deposition method had form II(; the glass at $70^{\circ}C$). This thin film was investigated by x-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy and Differential Thermal Analysis(DTA). XRD and FT-IR indicate crystallization forms from the glass at $70^{\circ}C$ into form II.

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Time-dependent properties of lightweight concrete using sedimentary lightweight aggregate and its application in prestressed concrete beams

  • Chen, How-Ji;Tsai, Wen-Po;Tang, Chao-Wei;Liu, Te-Hung
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • 제39권6호
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    • pp.833-847
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    • 2011
  • We have developed a lightweight aggregate (LWA) concrete made by expanding fine sediments dredged from the Shihmen Reservoir (Taiwan) with high heat. In this study, the performance of the concrete and of prestressed concrete beams made of the sedimentary LWA were tested and compared with those made of normal-weight concrete (NC). The test results show that the lightweight concrete (LWAC) exhibited comparable time-dependent properties (i.e., compressive strength, elastic modulus, drying shrinkage, and creep) as compared with the NC samples. In addition, the LWAC beams exhibited a smaller percentage of prestress loss compared with the NC beams. Moreover, on average, the LWAC beams could resist loading up to 96% of that of the NC beams, and the experimental strengths were greater than the nominal strengths calculated by the ACI Code method. This investigation thus established that sedimentary LWA can be recommended for structural concrete applications.

Ideological symbols of Heavenly Kingdom's Dress

  • Kim, Sun;Cho, Woo Hyun
    • International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.39-49
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    • 2015
  • Heavenly Kingdom was known for their strict discipline and law as well as their anti-corruption practices and for putting up unconventional ideas to rule its kingdom. They became weak as their leadership was split along with the power struggles that occurred within their kingdom. Heavenly Kingdom's style of dress also ended during this period, but their philosophy continues to influence the style of dress. Taiping rebellion was modern China's biggest internal disturbance which prior studies included political ideals, gender equality and the peasant movement. My research is to associate Heavenly Kingdom's ideas and their dress style by analyzing its relations. Their form of clothing was similar to the Qing Dynasty but the same. They wanted to restore their identity of the Han(漢) while their ideology was oriented in creating a large enough military power to go against the corrupt Qing Dynasty as seen in their military uniform. This research is to analyze about Heavenly Kingdom's ideology with regard to their style of dress but because of their short existence, there are only small remains of artifacts and clothing available which limits this research. This research has to developing further research as I gather more additional data.

Adsorption of lisinopril and chlorpheniramine from aqueous solution on dehydrated and activated carbons

  • El-Shafey, El-Said I.;Al-Lawati, Haider A. J.;Al-Saidi, Wafa S. H.
    • Carbon letters
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    • 제19권
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    • pp.12-22
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    • 2016
  • Date palm leaflets were used as a precursor to prepare dehydrated carbon (DC) via phosphoric acid treatment at 150℃. DC, acidified with H3PO4, was converted to activated carbon (AC) at 500℃ under a nitrogen atmosphere. DC shows very low surface area (6.1 m2/g) while AC possesses very high surface area (829 m2/g). The removal of lisinopril (LIS) and chlorpheniramine (CP) from an aqueous solution was tested at different pH, contact time, concentration, and temperature on both carbons. The optimal initial pH for LIS removal was 4.0 and 5.0 for DC and AC, respectively. However, for CP, initial pH 9.0 showed maximum adsorption on both carbons. Adsorption kinetics showed faster removal on AC than DC with adsorption data closely following the pseudo second order kinetic model. Adsorption increases with temperature (25℃–45℃) and activation energy (Ea) is in a range of 19–25 kJ mol/L. Equilibrium studies show higher adsorption on AC than DC. Thermodynamic parameters show that drug removal is endothermic and spontaneous with physical adsorption dominating the adsorption process. Column adsorption data show good fitting to the Thomas model. Despite its very low surface area, DC shows ~70% of AC drug adsorption capacity in addition of being inexpensive and easily prepared.