• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.23-31
• /
• 2000

Knock and misfire, kinds of abnormal combustion, are highly undesirable effect on the internal combustion engine. So, it is important to detect these avnormal combuition and control the ignition timing etc. to avoid these mal-effect factors in real engine system. In this study, the system which detects the knock and the misfire using by spark plug is presented. This system is based on the effect of modulation breakdown voltage(BDV) between the spark gaps. The voltage drop between spark plug electrodes, when an electrical breakdown is initiated, depends on the temperature and pressure in combustion chamber. So, we can detect knock and misfire that produce changes in gas temperature and pressure (consequently, its density) using by BDV signal change which carries information about the character of combustion.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제43권4호
• /
• pp.223-227
• /
• 1998

The objectives of this study were to find the sprouting condition and to establish the optimum production methods of plug seedlings in yacon (Polymnia sonchifolia Poepp. & Endl.). The sprouting ratio was greatest at $30\pm 1^{\circ}C$ at 20 days after planting. Crowns with single buds were more effective than those with two or more buds for sprouting, which might be due to the apical dominance. Planting the shoots separated from crown after sprouting in the single- and double-layer polyethylene-covered greenhouses reduced seedling period with 25% and 50%, respectively. Planting the shoots after sprouting was more effective than planting the crown buds. Double-layer polyethylene-covered green-house was good for plug seedling production than open field or single-layer polyethylene-covered greenhouse. The bed soils composed of clay loam : compost or sand : compost (1:l=v:v) were more effective to produce plug seedlings than only clay loam, sand or compost. Seedlings could be produced at 30 days after planting in our studies.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.348-359
• /
• 2017

Nowadays most vehicles are equipped with a variety of electronic devices to improve user convenience as well as its performance itself. In order to efficiently interconnect these devices with each other, Controller Area Network (CAN) is commonly used. However, the CAN requires reconfiguration of the entire network when a new device, which is capable of supporting both of transmission and reception of data, is added to the existing network. In addition, since CAN is based on the collision avoidance using address priority, it is difficult that a new node is assigned high priority and eventually it results in transmission delay of the entire network. Therefore, in this paper we propose a new system component, called CAN coordinator, and design a new CAN framework capable of supporting plug and play functionality. Through experiments, we also prove that the proposed framework can improve real-time ability based on plug and play functionality.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.313-317
• /
• 1997

Airway mucus provides the protective functions such as lubrication, barrier, disposal of trapped materials, and humidification. In the normal state, the mucus do not interfere with Bas transport and the other vital functions of lung. In diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, and cystic fibrosis, the mucus hypersecretion was physiologically developed in the response of multiple neurohumoral mechanism system. And regardless of the mechanism, many clinical sequelae result from mucus hypersecretion: atelectasis, infection, increased airway resistance, increased work of breathing, increased cough with its resultant complication. And the condensation of mucus tv mucus hypersecretion can make the mucus plug by which bronchial obstruction is developed. We have experienced a 7 Pear-old male patient with recurrent pneumonic symtom, which the bronchial obstruction was developed by the impacted mucus plug on the bronchoscopic finding. We report this case with the review of literature.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.329-332
• /
• 2022

Since IoT devices include various sensors and drivers, application programmers need to understand the structure and characteristics of sensors and actuators. If the manufacturer provides the driver of the sensor or actuator, IoT development can be efficiently carried out, which is called the Plug & Play technique. What matters is that the technique proposed by this research team in the past are not suitable for Arduino or Raspberry-Pi, which are recently used. In this paper, we propose a USB sensor device that can be mounted on a Raspberry-Pi. When the device is plugged into the Raspberry-Pi, the built-in driver is transmitted and played. The configuration of the USB sensor device was presented, and considerations for chip selection for processing sensors and drivers were presented.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.18-25
• /
• 2000

Ion current in an S.I engine cylinder is measured with the spark plug as a probe. The peak values are confirmed to show a fair correlation with local air-fuel ration and engine speed which implies that the ion current measured at the spark plug may provide a signal for the local mixture strength which is the key parameter in precise fuel control for future engines especially of gasoline direct-injected lean burn engines.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.229-236
• /
• 2019

우리나라 산업의 근간인 뿌리기업의 자동화 스마트 공정상 IOT 미들웨어는 사물인터넷 기기(센서 등)의 데이터 정보를 해석하고 관리하며 제어할 수 있는 중추적 역할이 요구된다. 특히 뿌리산업은 산업별 공정 흐름이 상이하고 기업별 데이터 처리요구도 다양해 이를 수용하기 위한 범용 IOT 미들웨어가 필요한 상황이다. 본 논문이 제시한 IOT 미들웨어 구조는 그에 대한 해결책으로 통신, 데이터 수집과 처리, 서비스 연계 등 미들웨어 기본 프로세스는 엔진부로 범용화 시키고 뿌리산업 분야별 사물인터넷 기기와 기업별 처리 요구사항은 개별적으로 대응할 수 있는 Plug-in 구조를 도입함으로서 유연하고 효과적인 뿌리산업 스마트 공정을 제안하였다. 또한 미들웨어 Plug-in과 연계 서비스 계층 간 네트워크 데이터에 대한 암호화를 통해 변조, 탈취 등에 대한 예방과 보안을 강화하는 방안을 제시하였다. 향후 MQTT, COAP, XAMP 등 다양한 네트워크 프로토콜에서 확장 가능할 수 있도록 뿌리산업에 특성화된 IOT 미들웨어 플랫폼으로 발전시킬 시스템을 제안하고자 한다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.695-710
• /
• 2018

Formation of a soil plug in an open-ended pile is a very important factor in determining the pile behavior both during driving and during static loading. The degree of soil plugging can be represented by the incremental filling ratio (IFR) which is defined as the change in the plug length to the change of the pile embedment length. The experimental tests carried out in this research contain 138 tests that are divided as follows: 36 tests for single pile, 36 tests for pile group ($2{\times}1$), 36 tests for pile group ($2{\times}2$) and 30 pile group ($2{\times}3$). All tubular piles were tested using the poorly graded sand from the city of Karbala in Iraq. The sand was prepared at three different densities using a raining technique. Different parameters are considered such as method of installation, relative density, removal of soil plug with respect to length of plug and pile length to diameter ratio. The soil plug is removed using a new device which is manufactured to remove the soil column inside open pipe piles group installed using driving and pressing device. The principle of soil plug removal depends on suction of sand inside the pile. It was concluded that the incremental filling ratio (IFR) is changed with the changing of soil state and method of installation. For driven pipe pile group, the average IFR for piles in loose is 18% and 19.5% for L/D=12 and 15, respectively, while the average of IFR for driven piles in dense sand is 30% and 20% for L/D=12 and L/D=15 respectively. For pressed method of pile installation, the average IFR for group is zero for loose and medium sand and about 5% for dense sand. The group capacity increases with the increase of IFR. For driven pile with length of 450 mm, the average IFR % is about 30.3% in dense sand, 14% in medium and 18.3% for loose sand while when the length of pile is 300 mm, the percentage equals to 20%, 17% and 19.5%, respectively.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제21권12호
• /
• pp.1701-1709
• /
• 1997

The diagnostic used to observe the early flame development was a fiber optic spark plug, which enabled measurement of the flame front arrival times on a cycle-to-cycle basis. The data obtained with this fiber optic spark plug were analyzed to obtain two parameters to describe the behavior of the flame kernel : an expansion speed and a convection velocity. In addition, synchronized cylinder pressure data were taken to compare with the fiber optic spark plug data on a cyclic basis. Heat release analysis was performed on the cylinder pressure data to obtain the mass burning profile of the charge for each cycle. There was a significant correlation observed in the initial flame duration and the kernel expansion speed with dwell angle.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2001

In order to reduce hydrocarbon emissions of spark ignition engine, it is important not only to improve catalyst conversion efficiency but also to reduce direct engine out hydrocarbon emissions, during cold starting and warm up process. Tjerefore many researchers have been attracted to develop an early fuel evaporator (EFE) by introducing a ceramic heater for a solution of engine out hydrocarbon emissions in SI engine. But, the performance of the EFE in MPI engine to reduce the exhaust emissions and to improve the cold startability has nat been clarified yet. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of a glow plug for EFE.