• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.78-85
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• 1989

This paper describes a statistical methods and perception test for extracting the parameters to be used for the synthesis-by-rule of Korean plosives. Formant synthesizer is chosen for the synthesis of the phonemes. Speech materials for the analysis consists of 72 CV monosyllables from the single male speaker. The analysis is done mainly focused on the variation of parameters in time and frequency domain, then perception tests are executed to estimate the effects of variations of the formant transitions.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.93-109
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• 2007

It is reported that the orthognathic patients suffer from not only aesthetic problems but also resonance disorder and articulation disorder because of the abnormality of the oral cavity. This study was designed to investigate the resonance of nasality and the intelligibility of speech for acoustic characteristics of patients' speech before and after orthognatic surgery. 8 orthognathic patients participated in the study. The nasality of words containing Korean consonants, Korean consonants and frequency and intensity of the fricative /s/ were measured using Nasometer and CSL (Computerized Speech Lab). Results were as follows: First, the nasality of post orthognathic surgery patients decreased in spontaneous speech. There was a significant difference in the nasality for all words between pre and post orthognatic surgery patients. Second, the nasality of each Korean consonant phoneme of post orthognathic surgery patients decreased. There was also a significant difference of the nasality for each Korean consonant phoneme between pre and post orthognatic surgery patients. Third, the decreased nasality for Korean consonant phonemes showed in plosives, affricates, fricatives, liquids, and nasals after surgery. But the significant difference showed only in plosives and fricatives. Finally, frequency and intensity for the fricative /s/ of post orthognathic patients increased.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.85-102
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• 2018

This study aims to contrast phonological characteristics of Korean and Turkish in terms of language universality. Considering consonants, both languages have the same number of consonants (21), which is the most typologically plausible structure of consonants. Thus, it can be said that they display high universality in the number of consonants. However, Turkish shows higher universality in regards to their substance, i.e., it differs from Korean when it comes to the structure of plosives and affricates. Turkish has two contrastive consonants, i.e., voiced and voiceless. However, the Korean plosives and affricates consist of neutral, tense and aspirate voiceless. In the case of vowels, both Korean with 10 vowels and Turkish with 8 vowels show lower universality. Yet, all of those vowels belong to the list of the most plausible vowels which makes their universality higher in substance. In respect of the syllable structure, Korean with its (C)V(C) type shows a moderately complex structure while Turkish with its (C)V(C)(C) type has a complex structure. The coda may consist of two consonants in Turkish while only one consonant is possible in Korean. However, onset is composed of one consonant in both languages. The contrastive study of similarities and differences between Korean and Turkish in terms of phonological characteristics will help not only understand the two languages but also provide useful information to increase the efficacy of Korean language education for Turkish learners of Korean, whose number is rapidly increasing.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.48-58
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• 2001

After performing mandibular setback surgery, we found some changes in patterns and organs of speech. This investigation was undertaken to investigate the aspect and degree of speech patterns according to the amount of surgical setback in mandibular prognathic patients. Thirteen patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion were studied preoperative and postoperative over 6 months. They had undergone the mandible setback operation via bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy(BSSRO). We split the patients into two groups. Group 1 included patients whose degree of mandibular setback was 6mm or less, and Group 2 above 6mm. Control group was two adults wish normal speech patterns. A phonetician performed narrow phonetic transcriptions of tape-recorded words and sentences produced by each of the patients and the acoustic characteristics of the plosives, fricatives, and flaps were analyzed with a phonetic computer program (Computerized Speech Lab(CSL) Model 4300B(USA)). The results are as follows: 1. Generally, Patients showed longer closure duration of plosives, shorter VOT(voice onset time) and higher ratio of closure duration against VOT. 2. Patients showed more frequent diffuse distribution than the control group in frication noise energy of fricatives. 3. In fricatives, frequency of compact from were higher in group 1 than in group 2. 4. Generally, a short duration of closure for /ㄹ/ was not realized in the patient's flaps. Instead, it was realized as fricatives, sonorant with a vowel-like formant structure, or trill type consonant. 5. Abnormality of the patient's articulation was reduced, but adaptation of their articulation after surgery was not perfect and the degree of adaptation was different according to the degree of surgical setback.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.579-584
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• 2010

Purpose : The number of the repatriated Korean students who had overseas study at early ages is increasing. They received foreign education, they can speak international languages, but they have many difficulties in articulation and intonation of the Korean language. This study aims to measure closure and aspiration duration, length of consonants, length of subsequent vowels, and ratio of consonants against subsequent vowels in vowel-consonant-vowel (VCV) syllables. Methods : This study compares the acoustic and phonetic characteristics of repatriated and native students, the ratio of articulation error of Korean plosives, the closure and aspiration duration, and the ratio of the aspiration duration against the closure duration. Results : The ratio of articulation error of Korean plosives between repatriated and native students is 19% and 2%, respectively. The closure duration was significantly longer in repatriated students than in native students. The aspiration duration was significantly longer in repatriated students than in native students. No difference was found in the ratio of aspiration duration against closure duration between the native and repatriated students. Conclusion : This study can be a good reference for estimating the phonetic difficulties of Korean elementary students who had overseas study at early ages.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.607-615
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• 1990

In this paper, I propose the experimental models to classify the consonants in the Vowel-Consonant-Vowel (VCV) speech chain into four phonemic groups such as nasals, liquids, plosives and the others. To classify the fuzzy patterns like speech, it is necessary to analyze the distribution of acoustic feature of many training data. The classification rules are maximum 4 th order polynomial functions obtained by regression analysis, contributing collectively the result. The final result shows about 87% success rates with the data spoken by one man.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.159-162
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• 2003

This study investigates Korean phonation types in terms of spectral characteristics of release bursts. Particularly, this study compares intensity of the speech signal in the release burst, the center of gravity and skewness of the spectra of the release bursts across phonation types for the Korean alveolar plosives. The results showed that there was no significant difference in intensity, center of gravity, or skewness across phonation types but a significant difference across speakers.

• MALSORI
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• no.61
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• pp.15-29
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• 2007

The present study investigates acoustic cues of russian soft plosive consonants. In previous studies, russian soft consonants are distinguished from hard consonants by F1, F2 of following vowels. The result showed: (1) that F0 of soft plosive consonants in following vowels were lower than those of hard plosive consonants; (2) and that VOT of soft plosive consonants were longer than those of hard plosive consonants. Hence, the present that, in addition to F1, F2, VOT and F0 are detected as acoustic cues that differentiate soft plosive consonants from hard plosive consonant in Russian.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.203-217
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• 2008

The number of Asian women immigrants in Korea is getting bigger and it's important to note that their communication problem in Korean causes not only the difficulty of adapting to Korean society but their children's speech-language disorder. To date there is little research on their acoustics characters and articulatory errors. Therefore, this study focuses on acoustic characters and articulatory error patterns of the women immigrants from Japan and Philippine based on the theory of "contrastive analysis". The subjects were 16 Japanese women immigrants(age: 42.5$\pm$4.4) and 14 Philippine women immigrants(age: 31.64$\pm$6.7) and control group consisted of 10 Korean women(age: 28.3$\pm$1.2). Speech and hearing of all subjects and control group were within normal limits. Speech samples were analyzed in a computer using CSL and data analysis was done on FFT widow for F1, F2, F3 of vowels and on wideband spectrogram for VOT of plosives and africatives. The results of this study were like this; For Japanese women immigrants, they had different articulatory patterns of /e/, /a/, /u/, /o/, /$\varepsilon$/, /m/ from those of Koreans and showed articulatory errors on the fortis and aspirated sounds. The reason is Japanese has only two distinctive characters for plosives and affricates; voicing and voiceless. The Philippine women immigrants also showed the same error patterns as the Japanese women immigrants. Especially the errors on aspirated sounds were prominent because their mother tongue has no distinctive characters about aspirated sounds. For vowels, they showed errors of /a/, /o/, /c/.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.61-66
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• 1992

There have been many researches that uses neural network models for automatic speech recognition, but the main trend was finding the neural network models and learning rules appropriate to automatic speech recognition. However, the choice of the input speech parameter for the neural network as well as neural network model itself is a very important factor for the improvement of performance of the automatic speech recognition system using neural network. In this paper we select 6 speech parameters from surveys of the speech recognition papers which uses neural networks, and analyze the performance for the same data and the same neural network model. We use 8 sets of 9 Korean plosives and 18 sets of 8 Korean vowels. We use recurrent neural network and compare the performance of the 6 speech parameters while the number of nodes is constant. The delta cepstrum of linear predictive coefficients showed best result and the recognition rates are 95.1% for the vowels and 100.0% for plosives.