• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.161-167
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• 1986

The smear method developed by Velaskar and Chitre was modified to allow the screening of plant extracts and/or fractions for platelet anti-aggregating activity. The modified smear method was also found suitable for massive screening of pure compounds. Sample fractions prepared from various plant extracts were examined for their effects against ADP, arachidonic acid (AA) or collagen induced platelet aggregations. Several solvent fractions of plant extracts including water fraction prepared from the methanol extract of Acanthopanax sp. was inhibitory against rat platelet aggregations. The activity guided treatments and fractionations of the water fraction from A. senticosus Max yielded two anti-platelet aggregatory substances, 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (I) and its artefact ethyl 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoate(II). The inhibitory activities of I and II against rat platelet aggregation were compared with that of aspirin, a known inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Discussions also included the results of the investigations on the structural activity relationships among the various dihydroxybenzoic acid derivatives against platelet aggregations induced by either one of ADP, AA or collagen.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.62-67
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• 2008

The leaf extract of Ligularia stenocephala showed the highest anti-platelet aggregating activity in large numbers of edible and herbal plants. The active fraction fractionationed from L. stenocephala extract by using preparative HPLC inhibited the platelet aggregation up to above 80% and its blood coagulating time (PT and APTT) also showed similar effect to aspirin (0.2 ${\mu}g/mL$), known as an anti-thrombus compound. Two antithrombus active compounds were purified and identified as 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, respectively, on the basis of NMR and FAB-MS spectroscopic data. Two active compounds has not only antiplatelet aggregating activity, but also has anticoagulating activity.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.245-252
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• 1986

Various structural analogs of higenamine, 1-(4'-hydroxylbenzyl)-6,7-dihydroxy-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, were synthesized and their inhibitory activities against platelet aggregation induced by either arachidonic acid, ADP or collagen. Among the twenty-five compounds tested, inhibitory activity is favored by the 3, 4-dihydroisoquinoline system with the methyl bridge between the two aromatic rings replaced by either ethyl or ethenyl group. N-Methyl quaternization decreased the inhibitory activities. * 이논문의 내용중 편집상의 오류가 있습니다. 그에대한 정오표는 v.31, n.1의 45p.에 있습니다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.459-465
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• 1995

The ether extract of Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix(SMR) was fractioned to give five subfractions, so that two subfractions of them were recrystallized to yield each pure diterpene quinone pigment. On the basis of spectral evidence, these two compounds were identified as tanshinone II and crytotanshinone. Cryptotanshinone exhibited both of a potent platelet anti-aggregating activity in vitro and a potent antimicrobial activity. GC-MS analysis of the other extract showed that tanshinone II was contained in the largest proportion of all the diterpene quinones. In addition, GC-MS analysis gave other valuable analytical informations.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.267-274
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• 1997

To select potential inhibitors of platelet aggregation from large numbers of crude plant extracts, the modified thin smear method for the anti-platelet aggregating activity using platelet rich plasma was further modified by direct observation under a light microscope without staining the smear. The activities determined by the method were coincided with those by the electrical impedence method using whole blood, when ADP or collagen was employed as the aggregating agent. Among 130 varieties of edible and herbal plants which collected from markets or experimental farms of agricultural research institutes, those showed the anti-platelet aggregating activities were selected by testing the crude methanol extracts: Aster scaber, Aster tataricus, Ligularia stenocephala, Platycodon glaucum Allium victorialis, Allium oderum, Moros bombycis, Portulaco oleracea, Aamthopanax sessiliflorus and Rosa davurica. However, some of them activated the platelet aggregation under the same assay conditions: Pimpinella brachycarpa, Hosta plantaginea, Capsella bursapastoris, Fagopyrm esculentum, Prunus mume, Rubus coreanus and Limaria japonica. In addition, those revealed the antioxidant activities were selected by measuring the abilities to scavenge superoxide anion radicals: Pteridium aquilinum, Aster scaber, Ligularia fischeri, Chrysanthemum zawadskii, Artemisia capipparis, Cirsium setidens, Commelina communis and Capsella bursapastoris among edible plants.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.115-119
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• 1992

The possibility as an anti-inflammatory drug of Prunus davidiana which have been used in Korean folk medicine for treatment of neuritis and rheumatism was investigated on carrageenin-induced paw edema in rats. The MeOH extract exhibited potent inhibitory effect on carrageenin-edema rats when topically applicated. On the other hand, it did not show any effect when orally tested. It also had no influences on isolated ileum of guinea pig and anti-platelet aggregating activities. Thus, it appears from the present findings that the MeOH extract of P. davidiana may be utilizable only for the external treatment of inflammed sites. This study was also conducted to further isolation of flavonoids from the EtOAc soluble fraction and characterized as persiconin and isosakuranin by spectrometric analysis.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.132-140
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• 1997

The effects of ginsenosides purified from red ginseng on platelet aggregation were investigated. Preincubation of washed platelets from rats with either ginsenoside Rg3, ginsenosides non-polar fraction (G-NPF), ginsenoside Rg1(Rg1) or ginsenosides polar fraction(G-PF) reduced the plytelet aggrelation induced by collagen in a dose-dependent manner, whereas ginsenoside Rg2 failed to inhibit the aggregation. Their IC50 values of Rg3, G-NPF, Rgl, and G-PF were 8.7$\pm$1.0, 150.3$\pm$0.1, 369.9$\pm$ 1.0, 606.211.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, respectively. Aggrelation induced by thrombin was also inhibited by Rg3 and G-NPF with IC50 being 5.2$\pm$ 1.1 and 66.5$\pm$0.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, respectively. The alterations of Intracellular Ca2+ concentration in platelets were monitored using fura-2 as a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator. Both Ca2+ release from internal stores and Ca2+ influx into cytosol were suppressed by Rg3. Rg3 also inhibited granular release of ATP and TXA2 formation induced by thrombin in a dose-dependent manner in the washed platelets. Rg3 also inhibited Aggregation and ATP release from human platelets induced by collagen to a similar extent as were observed in rat platelets. In conclusion, Rg3 is a Potent anti-aggregating component in ginsenosides and may exert its anti-aggrega1ing activity by decreasing TXAa formation and granular secretion in platelets, most likely by inhibiting Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores. Thus ginseng may contribute to the prevention and treatment of thrombosis.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2012

Ginseng, the root of Panax ginseng Meyer, has been used frequently in traditional oriental medicine and is popular globally. Ginsenosides, which are the saponins in ginseng, are the major components having pharmacological and biological activities, including anti-diabetic and anti-tumor activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of total saponin from Korean red ginseng(TSKRG) on thrombin-produced thromboxane $A_2$ ($TXA_2$), an aggregating thrombogenic molecule, and its associated microsomal enzymes cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and $TXA_2$ synthase (TXAS). Thrombin (0.5 U/mL) increased $TXA_2$ production up to 169 ng/$10^8$ platelets as compared with control (0.2 ng/$10^8$ platelets). However, TSKRG inhibited potently $TXA_2$ production to the control level in a dose-dependent manner, which was associated with the strong inhibition of COX-1 and TXAS activities in platelet microsomes having cytochrome c reductase activity. The results demonstrate TSKRG is a beneficial traditional oriental medicine in platelet-mediated thrombotic diseases via suppression of COX-1 and TXAS to inhibit production of $TXA_2$.