• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.317-322
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• 2004

The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is limited by their ability to induce gastrointestinal injury. It has been shown that nitric oxide (NO), similar to pro staglandins (PGs), appears to play an important role in gastric mucosal defence. We hypothesized that NSAIDs contained NO group would be less acutely toxic to the gastric mucosa, but would not interfere with their ability to suppress inflammatory process in rats. We have compared the ulcerogenic and anti-inflammatory effect of CW-501029 (NO-NSAIDs), CW-501027 (NSAIDs) and indomethacin. Both did not change mean blood pressure and heart rates, indicating that they had no side effect on cardiovascular system. We found that CW-501029 increased nitrite/nitrate levels without changing of blood pressure and heart rates. We suggest that it may help gastric mucosal blood flow, the which helps reducing the discomfort in astrointestinal system. Carrageenan-induced PGE2 increase was reduced in a similar tendency when compared CW-501027 or CW-501027 with control in back exudate of rats, but CW-501029 less reduced PGE2 than CW-502027 or indomethacin in gastric tissues. CW-501027 or CW-501029 reduced platelet aggregation. From these results we suggest that CW-501029 may improve the side effect by reduction of short-term gastric injury and less inhibition of PGs synthesis.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2009

Purpose: $17\beta$-estradiol is the most active endogenous estrogen, which is related to favorable changes in the plasma lipid profile, to relaxation of the coronary vessels, and to a decrease in platelet aggregation and vascular smooth muscle cell migration. However, although the beneficial effect of estrogens on plasma lipoproteins (ie, lowering low-density lipoprotein and increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) contributes to cardiovascular protection, it does not fully account for the protective effect, particularly in the application of physical therapy, including low frequency electrical stimulation. Methods: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the inhibition of stressors, such as endothelin-1 (ET-1), serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), prostaglandin $F2\alpha$ ($PGF2\alpha$), and a protein kinase C (PKC) activator 12-deoxyphorbol 13-isobutyrate (DPB), induced isometric tension by $17\beta$-estradiol in vascular smooth muscle strips, respectively. In addition, the effects of low frequency electrical stimulation at the meridian points (CV-3, -4, Ki-12, SP-6, LR-3, BL-25, -28, -32, -52) on the indirect antihypertensive effect were examined by monitoring the changes in the serum $17\beta$-estradiol concentration in healthy volunteers. Results: Isometric tension analysis showed that the responses of inhibited tension by $17\beta$-estradiol were similar to the same stressors in rat aortic smooth muscle strips. Furthermore, although the continued amplitude modulation (AM) type of electrical stimulation was not increased significantly by electrical stimulation, the current of the frequency modulation (FM) type of low frequency electrical stimulation increased the serum $17\beta$-estradiol concentration in normal volunteers. Conclusion: These results, in part, suggest that $17\beta$-estradiol has the capacity to supress stressor-induced muscle tension, and electrical stimulation, particularly current of the FM type, has a modulatory effect on the sex steroid hormones, particularly $17\beta$-estradiol, in healthy volunteers.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.140-146
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• 2019

Objectives: Venomous fishes have different pharmacological effects and are useful. Among the venomous fish, stonefishes; especially Pseudosynanceia melanostigma has various pharmacological effects on the nervous, muscular and cardiovascular system of humans. In this study, toxicological characteristics, some blood effects, pharmacological and enzymatic properties of Pseudosynanceia melanostigma venom was investigated. Methods: Crude venom purified by using gel filtration chromatography and the molecular weights of the venom and its fractions were estimated. The approximate LD values of this venom were determinedand the effects of LD50 dose on the blood of rabbits were studied. Hemolytic and Hemorrhagic activity of the venom sample was determined. In this case coagulation tests were performed. Results: The LD50 of the Pseudosynanceia melanostigma crude venom was also determined to be $194.54{\mu}g/mouse$. The effect of two doses of LD50 showed a non-significant differences decrease in RBCs and MCV. In other cases, the results showed significant differences in WBC, Plt, Hb, MCH, MCHC and HCT; also it's showed a significant decrease. WBC count showed a significant increase with two doses of LD50 groups. The prothrombin time and partial prothrombin time were increased after venom treatment. As well as bleeding and clotting time were increased. According to the results, a minimum dose for Haemorrhagic effect $40{\mu}g$ was obtained. Conclusion: Venom of Pseudosynanceia melanostigma has inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation that can be used to design and develop of anticoagulant drugs.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2003

General pharmacological properties of DA-8159, a new pyrazolopyrimidinone derivative were examined in laboratory animals to investigate its safety profile. The oral administration of DA-8159 (1, 5 or 30 mg/kg) in mice and rats had no effect on general behaviors and central nervous system of the animals in test systems, such as hexobarbital-induced sleeping time, motor coordination, normal body temperature, writhing syndromes induced by 0.75% acetic acid solution, chemo-shock produced by pentetrazole solution and rotar rod test. Anesthetized cats treated intravenously with DA-8159 (0.1, 0.3, 1, 3 or 10 mg/kg) showed transient and mild decrease in blood pressure. However, heart rate, respiration rate and tidal volume were not changed by intravenous DA-8159. In the isolated organs including ileum, heart (sinus rate of atria and contractility of papillary muscle), trachea of guinea pigs and phrenic nerve of rats, DA-8159 ($10^{-8}$ ∼$10^{-5}$ mg/L) did not elicit any effect or inhibitory action on the chemically or electrically stimulated contraction. DA-8159 did not influence gastric secretion, pH and total acid output in rats and intestinal propulsion in mice. The administration of DA-8159 in rats had no effect on the platelet aggregation induced by ADP in rabbit plasma, urinary volume and electrolyte ion ($Na^{+}$, $K^{+}$, $Cl^{-}$) excretion in rats. Prothrombin time (PT) of the rats showed a mild but significant increase after administration of DA-8159. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), however, was not affected by DA-8159. These results indicate that DA-8159 does not exert any of serious pharmacological effects.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.528-543
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• 1993

Vitamin E, which has its advocates in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. autoimmune disease, cancer and peripheral vascular and thromboembolic disease, has now been alleged to have a powerful antioxident effect and to affect various biological activities such as fertility factor, inhibition of human platelet aggregation and stabilization of biological membranes. The present study was designed to test whether vitamin I(alpha-tocopherol) can : (1) enhance the hemagglutinin response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), (2) modulate Arthus and delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH) to SRBC and contact hypersensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). (3) enhance the mitogenic response of murine splenocyte, (4) decrease the recovery of Cryptococcus neoformans from brain, lung, liver, spleen and kidney of infected mice and (5) have an inhibitory or enhancing effect on the induction of active systemic anaphylaxis(ASA) induced by chicken-gamma globulin (CGG) in mice. Mice were given either intramuscular injections of 0.3ml (300mg) of vitamin I before immunization or were infection for 10 consecutive days or were given by vitamin I esophageal intubation, 0.1ml(100mg), for 20 days before sacrifice for the mitogenic response experiments. It was found that vitamin E treated mice showed a significant enhancement in hemagglutinin response, Arthus reaction and DTH to SRBC and contact hypersensitivity to DNFB. There was no significant difference in the mitogenic response to phytohemagglutinin(PHA), but the response to concanavalin A(ConA) or pokeweed mitogem(PWM) was increased in vitamin E-treated mice. Interestingly, the vitamin E administration before C. neoformans infection decreased significantly the recovery of C. neoformans from brain lung, liver, spleen and kidney of the infected mice as compared with that of the control mice, strongly suggesting that vitamin E pretreatment may increase the resistance of mice to the fungal infection. Unexpectedly, vitamin E administration enhanced the production of CGG -induced ASA. Taken together, it can be concluded that vitamin I administration may in-crease the humoral and cellular immune response and resistance. to C. neoformans infection, but enhance the induction of ASA to CGG. Further studies are necessary to clarify the underlying mechanism accounting for these effects.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.4909-4913
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• 2015

Objective: To explore the preventive effect of aspirin on the cardiovascular complications in prostate cancer after endocrinotherapy. Materials and Methods: A total of 92 patients with prostate cancer were divided into observation group (n=44) and control group (n=48). The control group was treated with medical castration plus anti-androgenic drugs. Based on the above treatment, the observation group was added aspirin. The follow-up duration was 2 years. The changes of partial prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), platelet aggregation rate (PAG), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and serum testosterone (T) before and after treatment as well as incidence of cardiovascular disease were observed. Results: The 2-year survival rates of patients without cardiovascular disease in observation group and control group were 95.45% (42/44) and 72.92% (35/48), respectively, and significant difference was presented between two groups by comparison to the survival rates ($x^2=8.5453$, p=0.0035). There was no statistical significance between two groups as well as before and after treatment regarding PT (p>0.05). After treatment, APTT went down and PAG was gradually on the rise in control group, while PAG down and APTT on the rise increasingly in observation group. Significant differences were presented between two groups as well as before and after treatment (p<0.01). Both PSA and T levels were decreased significantly in two groups after treatment (p<0.01), but there was no statistical significant between two groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: Application of endocrinotherapy in prostate cancer can easily lead to occurrence of cardiovascular disease, but cardiovascular complications can be prevented by aspirin, without affecting the effect of endocrinotherapy.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2 s.30
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• pp.100-114
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• 1995

This bibliographic study was designed to research indications of the Moschus which was representatively used for resuscitation in acute stage of stroke throughout successive books of oriental medicine. Especially, in this study, severe cases with disturbance of consciousness and acute stage of stroke were investigated. The results were summarized as the followings: 1. The Moschus was dried material which secreted from aromatic vescicle of Moschus moschiferus L.. which was pungent in flavor, warm in nature, nontoxic and strongly aromatic. The Moschus removed the obstruction in the channels and used to early stage of stroke. 2. The Moschus was aromatic resuscitatable medicine, which recovered disturbance of consciousness due to stroke. 3. The Moschus had excitatory actions of respirtory center and vascular motor center, heart stimulating action, inhibitatory action of the platelet aggregation and anti thrombin action and recovered cerebral ischemic change. According to these actions, the Moschus could be used cerebral infarction. 4. Prescriptions included the Moschus was used to symptoms of unconsciousness, secretion, stuporous mental state, dysarthria, facial palsy and hemiplegia. That was Angungwoohwangh wan(安宮牛黃丸), Woohwangchungshimwon(牛黃淸心元), Sahyangsohaphangwon(麝香蘇合香元), etc. According to the above mentioned results, the Moschus was aromatic resuscitatable medicine which was used for symptoms of conscius disturbance, convulsion, sudden fainting etc., promoted cerebral blood flow and had good effect on acute stage of stroke and severe cases with conscious disturbance. Therefore, it is considered that the Moschus must be studied for effect of cerebral infarction and hemorrhage in clinic with animal's and pharmacological experimental results.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.710-716
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Makgeolli (MG) and Makgeolli GiGemi (MGG) on blood flow, serum lipid improvement in vivo, and inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in vitro. The activities of serum AST and ALT were increased by ovariectomy. Serum AST levels were decreased to $77.71{\pm}13.97$ and $74.57{\pm}14.90\;unit/ml$ in the OVX-MG50 and OVX-MGG50 groups compared to the OVX-control group ($91.14{\pm}12.02\;unit/ml$). Serum ALT levels were decreased to $34.00{\pm}8.41$ and $30.43{\pm}3.60\;unit/ml$ in OVX-MG50 and OVX-MGG50 groups compared to the OVX-control group ($37.14{\pm}5.40\;unit/ml$). Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride contents decreased in the sham group compared with OVX-control group by ovariectomy. Six weeks feeding of MG and MGG resulted in a decrease to $116.14{\pm}36.02$ and $109.14{\pm}11.55\;mg/dl$ compared to the OVX-control group ($120.43{\pm}8.36\;mg/dl$) in serum total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were decreased to $52.43{\pm}12.41$ and $47.29{\pm}12.08\;mg/dl$ in the OVX-MG50 and OVX-MGG50 groups compared to the OVX-control group ($58.57{\pm}5.47\;mg/dl$). The level of HDL-cholesterol in the OVX-control group was significantly reduced to $51.29{\pm}20.49\;mg/dl$ compared to the sham group ($72.29{\pm}10.29\;mg/dl$), but it was increased to $70.71{\pm}19.53$ and $62.00{\pm}20.20\;mg/dl$ with MG and MGG supplementation. Furthermore, the effect of the MG group was higher than the MGG group. Microscopic observation showed that whole blood passed smoothly through the micro channels in the MG and MGG supplemented groups. The platelet aggregation ability of the groups treated with MG and MGG was less than that of the OVX-control group. In vitro assay, the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity was significantly inhibited by MG and MGG (82.6% and 68.9% inhibition at 0.4 g/ml). These results suggest that the beneficial effects of MG and MGG may be used to improve on the lipid metabolic syndrome of menopausal women. In addition, MG and MGG might improve blood homeostasis mediated activities via antiplatelets and MG and MGG may be used as antihypertensive functional foods and nutraceuticals.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.385-394
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• 2015

Background : Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans are secondary metabolites present abundantly in the fruits belonging to the genus Schisandra. According to previous studies, Schisandra lignans exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-diabetic properties, as well as an inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation. Therefore, establishing the Korean "Omija" (Schisandra chinensis) as a lignan-rich source, in addition to identifying and quantifying the lignans, is extremely valuable. Methods and Results : Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans were analyzed with liquid chromatography using diode array detection/mass spectrometry, from methanol extracts subsequently identified by a constructed chemical library of 50 lignans. A total of 27 components of lignan including gomisin S were identified, of which schisandrin, gomisin A, gomisin N, deoxyschisandrin, ${\gamma}$-schisandrin, and schisandrin C were identified as the major components in the Korean Omija, Schisandra chinensis. These compounds were divided into two groups, S-biphenyl and R-biphenyl based on the configurations of the stereoisomers structures with contents of 661.7 and 1350.1mg per 100 g dry weight, respectively. The total lignan content averaged 2011.4mg per 100 g dry weight, of which schisandrin and gomisin N comprised the majority (771.8 and 420.5mg per 100 g dry weight respectively). Conclusions : Lignans which are present in high quantities in the ripe fruit of Schisandra chinensis are important functional compounds that play a major role in the prevention and treatment of human diseases.

• Advances in biomechanics and applications
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.127-141
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• 2014

A preliminary study of a new pulsatile pump that will work to a frequency greater than 1 Hz, is presented. The fluid-structure interaction between a Newtonian blood flow and a piston drive that moves with periodic speed is simulated. The mechanism is of double effect and has four valves, two at the input flow and two at the output flow; the valves are simulated with specified velocity of closing and reopening. The simulation is made with finite elements software named COMSOL Multiphysics 3.3 to resolve the flow in a preliminary planar configuration. The geometry is 2D to determine areas of high speeds and high shear stresses that can cause hemolysis and platelet aggregation. The opening and closing valves are modelled by solid structure interacting with flow, the rhythmic opening and closing are synchronized with the piston harmonic movement. The boundary conditions at the input and output areas are only normal traction with reference pressure. On the other hand, the fluid structure interactions are manifested due to the non-slip boundary conditions over the piston moving surfaces, moving valve contours and fix pump walls. The non-physiologic frequency pulsatile pump, from the viewpoint of fluid flow analysis, is predicted feasible and with characteristic of low hemolysis and low thrombogenesis, because the stress tension and resident time are smaller than the limit and the vortices are destroyed for the periodic flow.