• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2007

The reinforced concrete slab is one of main structure members in the construction industry sector. However, most of researches regarding to RC slabs have been focused on two-dimensional Mindlin-type plate element on the basis of laminated plate theory since three-dimensional solid element has a lot of difficulties in finite element formulation and costs in CPU time. In reality, the RC slabs are subjected to dynamic loads like a heavy traffic vehicle load, and thus should insure the safety from the static load as well as dynamic load. Once we can estimate the dynamic behaviour of RC slabs exactly, it will be very helpful for design of it. In this study, the 20-node solid element has been used to analyze the dynamic characteristics of RC slabs with clamped edges. The elasto-visco plastic model for material non-linearity and the smeared crack model have been adopted in the finite element formulation. The applicability of the proposed finite element has been tested for dynamic behaviour of RC slabs with respect to characteristics of concrete materials in terms of cracking stress, crushing strain, fracture energy and Poisson's ratio. The effect on dynamic behaviour is dependent on not crushing strain but cracking stress, fracture energy and Poisson's ratio. In addition to this, it is shown the damping phenomenon of RC slabs has been identified from the numerical results by using Rayleigh damping.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.151-164
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• 2021

During the pipe forming process, a steel plate undergoes inelastic behavior multiple times under a load condition repeating tension and compression in the circumferential direction. It derives local reduction or increase of yield strength within the thickness of steel pipes by the plastic hardening and Bauschinger effect. In this study, a combined hardening model is proposed to effectively predict variations of yield strength in the circumferential direction of API-X65 and X70 steel pipes with relatively low t/D ratio during the forming process, which is expected to experience accumulated plastic strain of 2~3%, the typical Lüder band range in a low-carbon steel. Cyclic tensile tests of API-X65 and X70 steels were performed, and the parameters of the proposed model for the steels were calibrated using the test results. Bending-flattening tests to simulate repeated tension and compression during pipe forming were followed for API-X65 and X70 steels, and the results were compared with those by the proposed model and Zou et al. (2016), in order to verify the process of material model calibration based on tension-compression cyclic test, and the accuracy of the proposed model. Finally, parametric analysis for the yield strength of the steel plate in the circumferential direction of UOE pipe was conducted to investigate the effects of t/D and expansion ratios after O-forming on the yield strength. The results confirmed that the model by Zou et al. (2016) underestimated the yield strength of steel pipe with relatively low t/D ratio, and the parametric analysis showed that the t/D and expansion ratio have a significant impact on the strength of steel pipe.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2007

최근에 노후화된 콘크리트 구조물의 보수 보강 방법으로 FRP를 이용한 보강이 효과적인 것으로 알려지고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 FRP로 보강된 콘크리트 실린더의 거동을 실험적으로 조사하고자 하는 것이다. 실험 변수로는 콘크리트의 압축강도, FRP재료의 종류 및 구속비이다. 본 연구에서 아라미드, 탄소 및 유리섬유로 보강된 콘크리트의 성능을 압축강도 실험을 통한 연구 결과를 보이고 있다. 이를 위해 축방향 하중, 축방향 및 횡방향 변형률을 측정하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 콘크리트의 강도와 횡방향 변형률과 횡방향 구속응력의 비로 정의되는 구속비가 구속 콘크리트의 응력-변형률을 결정하는 주요 인자인 것으로 나타났다. FRP로 더 많은 보강을 한 실험체는 우수한 구속력으로 인한 강도의 증가를 야기하였다. 고강도 콘크리트의 경우 FRP에 의한 보강으로 구속력의 증가이 증가되더라도 실험체의 압축변형률이 감소하여 취성파괴의 경향을 보였다. 구속된 콘크리트의 파괴는 FRP 재료의 극한 변형률 보다 낮은 변형률에서 FRP의 파단으로 시작되어 콘크리트의 파괴에 도달하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.1099-1106
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• 2002

This paper provides engineering J-integral and crack opening displacement (COD) estimation equations for circumferential through-wall cracked pipes under internal pressure and under combined internal pressure and bending. Based on selected 3-D finite element calculations for the circumferential through-wall cracked pipes under internal pressure using the idealized power law materials, the elastic and plastic influence functions for fully plastic J-integral and COD solutions are found as a function of the normalized crack length and the mean radius-to-thickness ratio. These developed GE/EPRI-type solutions are then re-formulated based on the enhanced reference stress method. Such re-formulation not only provides simpler equations for J-integral and COD estimations, but also can be easily extended to combined internal pressure and bending. The proposed equations are compared with elastic-plastic finite element results using actual stress-strain data, which shows overall excellent agreement.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.621-639
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• 2006

Stability of a cylindrical shell subject to a uniform axial compression, which is a power function of time, is examined within the framework of small strain elasto-plasticity. The material of the shell is incompressible and the effect of the elastic unloading is considered. Initially, employing the infinitesimal elastic-plastic deformation theory, the fundamental relations and Donnell type stability equations for a cylindrical shell have been obtained. Then, employing Galerkin's method, those equations have been reduced to a time dependent differential equation with variable coefficient. Finally, for two initial conditions applying a Ritz type variational method, the critical static and dynamic axial loads, the corresponding wave numbers and dynamic factor have been found. Using those results, the effects of the variations of loading parameters and the variations of power of time in the axial load expression as well as the variations of the radius to thickness ratio on the critical parameters of the shells for two initial conditions are also elucidated. Comparing results with those in the literature validates the present analysis.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.587-593
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• 2017

The objective of this analytical study is to calculate the elasto-plastic stresses of Functionally Graded (FG) hyperbolic disc subjected to uniform temperature. The material properties (elastic modulus, thermal expansion coefficient and yield strength) and the geometry (thickness) of the disc are assumed to vary radially with a power law function, but Poisson's ratio does not vary. FG disc material is assumed to be non-work hardening. Radial and tangential stresses are obtained for various thickness profile, temperature and material properties. The results indicate that thickness profile and volume fractions of constituent materials play very important role on the thermal stresses of the FG hyperbolic discs. It is seen that thermal stresses in a disc with variable thickness are lower than those with constant thickness at the same temperature. As a result of this, variations in the thickness profile increase the operation temperature. Moreover, thickness variation in the discs provides a significant weight reduction. A disc with lower rigidity at the inner surface according to the outer surface should be selected to obtain almost homogenous stress distribution and to increase resistance to temperature. So, discs, which have more rigid region at the outer surface, are more useful in terms of resistance to temperature.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.436-442
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• 2004

Elastic and plastic deformation behaviors of the high purity aluminum and the silica glass were studied using nanoindentation and finite element analysis(FEA) techniques. Berkovich- and cone-type indenters were used for the nanoindentation test. Deformation behaviors and nanoindent profiles of elastic, elastic-plastic or plastic materials were clearly visualized by FEA simulation. Effects of the penetration depth and strain hardening on the deformation behavior were examined. Pile-up and sink-in behaviors were studied by using FEA technique. Degree of pile-up or sink-in was found to be a function of the ratio of elastic modulus to yield strength of materials. FEA was found to be an effective method to study deformation behaviors of materials under nanoindentation, especially in the case when pile-up or sink-in phenomena occurred.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.405-426
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• 2000

Two approximate methods based on mechanism analysis suitable for seismic assessment/design of structural concrete are reviewed. The methods involve use of equal energy concept or equal displacement concept along with appropriate patterns of inelastic deformations to relate structure's maximum lateral displacement to member and plastic deformations. One of these methods (Clough's method), defined here as a ductility-based approach, is examined in detail and a modification for its improvement is suggested. The modification is based on estimation of maximum inelastic displacement using inelastic design response spectra (IDRS) as an alternative to using equal energy concept. The IDRS for demand displacement ductilities are developed for a single degree of freedom model subjected to several accelerograms as functions of response modification factor (R), damping ratios, and strain hardening. The suggested revised methodology involves estimation of R as the ratio of elastic strength demand to code level demand, and determination of design base shear using $R_{design}{\leq}R$ and maximum displacement, determination of plastic displacement using IDRS and subsequent local plastic deformations. The methodology is demonstrated for the case of a 10-story precast wall panel building.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제40권12호
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• pp.1027-1035
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• 2016

내식성과 기계적 성능이 우수한 316L 스테인리스 강의 저주기 변형률제어 피로시험에서 3가지 변형률진폭과 3가지 변형률비의 조건이 피로수명에 미치는 효과를 분석하였다. 낮은 변형률범위에서 곡선이 거의 중첩되는 Masing 거동이 나타나고, 높은 변형률범위에서 비선형거동 응력범위가 서로 크게 벗어나는 non-Masing 거동과 함께 평균응력의 감소가 나타났다. 소성 변형률에너지를 이용하여 저주기 피로수명을 예측하고 non-Masing 거동을 고려한 수명예측 방법의 정확성 여부를 검토하였다. 각각의 변형률진폭과 변형률비의 조건에서 초기 수 사이클 동안 반복경화 현상 후 장시간동안 점진적으로 낮아져 연화하다가 파괴 되었다. 저사이클 피로수명을 정확히 예측하기 위해서는 변형률진폭에 따라 Masing 및 non-Masing 거동을 구분하고, 이를 반영한 수명예측식을 적용해야 함을 알았다.

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.93-100
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• 1998

본 논문은 고성능 철근콘크리트 보의 휨강성, 소성힌지 길이 및 소성힌지의 회전능력에 관한 연구이다. 실험은 철근비, 콘크리트 강도 및 하중 재하형태(1점가력과 2점가력)를 변수로 하여 총 15개의 철근콘크리트 단순보에 대하여 행하여 졌다. 콘크리트의 실린더 압축강도가 700kg/${cm}^2$, 슬럼프 20~25 cm 및 슬럼프 플로우가 60~70cm인 고성능 철근콘크리트 및 보통 강도 철근콘크리트 단순보의 휨실험결과, 본 실험의 경우에 고성능 철근콘크리트 보의 극한 곡률을 구할 때는 ${\varepsilon}_{cu}=0.0047$의 값을 사용할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 고성능 철근콘크리트 단순보의 휨강성을 평가하기 위해 유효단면 2차 모멘트를 구하는 식과 고성능콘크리트 단순보에 2점 하중을 가하는 경우 등가 소성힌지 길이를 구하는 식이 본 실험의 경우에 대해서 제시되었다. 극한 모멘트 상태에서 이러한 식을 사용하여 구한 처짐값은 실험값과 비교적 일치하게 나타났다.