• 제목/요약/키워드: Plastic icon

검색결과 7건 처리시간 0.025초

플라스틱 아이콘 형상의 손가락 촉지각률 향상을 위한 설계 가이드 (Design guides for enhancing finger tactile recognition of plastic icon shapes)

  • 김헌;이원영
    • Design & Manufacturing
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    • 제6권2호
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    • pp.59-63
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    • 2012
  • In various industries, tactile recognition has been one of the important ways in displaying information because peoples like to touch and feel. Especially, how much the tactile information is efficiently recognizable is crucial for visually impaired persons in their daily lifes. However, existing design guidelines are insufficient to lead good tactile recognition. In this study, an experiment was performed to investigate proper tactile shapes (relievo / intaglio vs. filled / unfilled), sizes and depths for efficient tactile recognition. Moreover, this study scrutinized whether the recognition speed or error was varied depending on the type of displayed symbols (open vs. closed types) in tactile. The experimental results revealed that the 'relieve-filled' shape type was more rapidly recognizable than the other shapes, and the 'closed' type symbols (e.g., ${\square }$. ${\bigcirc}$) were more robustly recognizable than the 'open' type symbols (e.g, +, ^). Several design guidelines were presented based on the results. These guidelines can be applied to the design of tactile buttons in the devices that users should control them without visual attention, such as car steering wheels or MP3 players.

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지하수 흐름을 고려한 지하구조계의 탄소성해석에 대한 전-후처리기법의 개발 (Development of Pre-Postprocessing Toolbox for Elasto-plastic Analysis of Underground Structures with Water Flow)

  • 김문겸;임성철;이재영;송재성
    • 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국전산구조공학회 1997년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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    • pp.79-86
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    • 1997
  • In this study, pre-postprocessing toolbox is developed to perform elasto-plastic analyze of underground structures with transient ground water flow. This toolbox is composed of three modules. The first is the data input processor for the structural analysis. The preprocessing Is using GUI (Graphic User Interface), which is consist of dialog box, pull down, and short-cut icon, etc. The second is the structural analysis module. The analysis is based on the elasto-plastic finite element method involving additional options such as ground excavation effect, transient ground water flow, and rock bolts behavior. The last is the postprocessing module. The postprocessing is able to verify the result of the structural analysis by the graphical simulation which visualizes the element mesh, the node displacements, the element stress states, the stress contour, the ground water surface, and the rock bolt stresses. Since various options are considered separately in this toolbox, it is easy to modify the module of each processing, and to update other functional modules for the given analysis conditions.

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A feasibility study of using a 3D-printed tumor model scintillator to verify the energy absorbed to a tumor

  • Kim, Tae Hoon;Lee, Sangmin;Kim, Dong Geon;Jeong, Jae Young;Yang, Hye Jeong;Schaarschmidt, Thomas;Choi, Sang Hyoun;Cho, Gyu-Seok;Kim, Yong Kyun;Chung, Hyun-Tai
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제53권9호
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    • pp.3018-3025
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    • 2021
  • The authors developed a volumetric dosimetry detector system using in-house 3D-printable plastic scintillator resins. Three tumor model scintillators (TMSs) were developed using magnetic resonance images of a tumor. The detector system consisted of a TMS, an optical fiber, a photomultiplier tube, and an electrometer. The background signal, including the Cherenkov lights generated in the optical fiber, was subtracted from the output signal. The system showed 2.1% instability when the TMS was reassembled. The system efficiencies in collecting lights for a given absorbed energy were determined by calibration at a secondary standard dosimetry laboratory (kSSDL) or by calibration using Monte Carlo simulations (ksim). The TMSs were irradiated in a Gamma Knife® IconTM (Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden) following a treatment plan. The energies absorbed to the TMSs were measured and compared with a calculated value. While the measured energy determined with kSSDL was (5.84 ± 3.56) % lower than the calculated value, the energy with ksim was (2.00 ± 0.76) % higher. Although the TMS detector system worked reasonably well in measuring the absorbed energy to a tumor, further improvements in the calibration procedure and system stability are needed for the system to be accepted as a quality assurance tool.

Assessment of The Level of Caffeine in Some Tea Leaves Marketed in Dutse: Jigawa State

  • BDULLAHI, R.;LAWAL, A.M.;IBRAHIM, M.S;KHALID, A.;MUHAMMAD, U.L.
    • 식품보건융합연구
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    • 제5권3호
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    • pp.7-20
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    • 2019
  • The use of caffeine as a psychoactive stimulant in tea has been observed to have serious negative effects in humans' systems such as respiratory, nervous, cardiovascular, renal and skeletal systems. This study was carried out to assess the levels of caffeine in 10 different tea brands available in local market in Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria. Quantitative analysis of caffeine was performed by a simple and fast UV-Vis spectrophotometric methods using different solvents for extraction. The caffeine content in all the tea samples analyzed in this study were below the maximum allowable limits set by the USFDA. Tea have been associated with adverse health effects and the claims made by manufacturers about the benefits of tea do not highlight risks associated with excessive consumption of a combination of the ingredients contained in tea. Long term effects of tea consumption of children and young people have not been adequately studied. Therefore, it is recommended that further research be carried out on the adverse effects of energy drinks on children. Research is also needed to be done on the effects of the combination of ingredients on health and excessive consumption of those ingredients to children and adolescents. People need to be educated and given proper awareness on the health risks associated with caffeine containing beverages.

임의 형상 마스터를 이용한 스키니 스머지 블렌딩 방법 (Skinny Smudge Blending Method Using Arbitrary-shaped Master)

  • 곽노윤
    • 디지털융복합연구
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    • 제10권9호
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    • pp.333-338
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    • 2012
  • 본 논문은 윤곽 형상에 밀착된 임의 형상 마스터를 이용한 스키니 스머지 블렌딩 방법에 관한 것이다. 스머지 툴(smudge tool)은 Adobe Photoshop CS6에 내장된 대중적인 그래픽 툴로서 물감을 화폭 상에 문질러서 흐려지게 할 시에 이용된다. 그 효과는 지두화법과 매우 유사하다. 스머지 툴은 Adobe Photoshop CS6의 툴박스에서 스머지 아이콘을 선택한 다음에 화폭 위를 클릭한 후, 마우스 버튼을 누른 상태에서 번짐 효과를 주고 싶은 방향으로 끌어당김으로써 그 기능을 이용할 수 있다. 그러나 기존의 스머지 툴은 마스터 반경 내의 모든 화소값을 블렌딩시켜 결과 영상을 생성함에 따라 원하지 않는 부위의 화소마저도 변형시키는 단점이 있다. 이러한 단점을 해결하고자 본 논문에서는 임의 형상 마스터를 이용한 스키니 스머지 블렌딩 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 제안된 블렌딩 방법은 컬러 영상 분할에 통해 윤곽 형상에 밀착된 임의 형상 마스터를 추출함에 따라 배경에 관계없이 변형하고 싶은 부분에만 번짐 효과를 적용시킬 수 있는 장점이 있다.

스키니 스머지 툴 (Skinny Smudge Tool)

  • 우승범;곽노윤
    • 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국HCI학회 2009년도 학술대회
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    • pp.111-115
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    • 2009
  • 본 논문은 마스터 형상 분할에 기반한 스키니 스머지 툴에 관한 것이다. 스머지 툴(smudge tool)은 어도비 포토샵에 내장된 대중적인 그래픽 툴로서 물감을 화폭 상에 문질러서 흐려지게 할 시에 이용된다. 그 효과는 지두화법과 매우 유사하다. 스머지 툴은 스머지 아이콘을 클릭한 다음에 화폭 위를 클릭한 후, 마우스 버튼을 누른 상태에서 번짐 효과를 주고 싶은 방향으로 끌어당김으로써 그 기능을 이용할 수 있다. 그러나 기존의 스머지 툴은 마스터 직경 내의 모든 화소값을 블렌딩시켜 목표 영상을 생성함에 따라 원하지 않는 부위의 화소마저도 변형시키는 단점이 있다. 이러한 단점을 해결하고자 본 논문에서는 마스터 형상 분할에 기반한 스키니 스머지 툴(skinny smudge tool)을 제안하고자 한다. 제안된 스키니 스머지 툴은 컬러 영상 분할에 통해 윤곽 형상에 밀착된 마스터 형상을 추출함에 따라 배경에 관계없이 변형하고 싶은 부분에만 번짐 효과를 적용시킬 수 있는 장점이 있다.

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Development of a polystyrene phantom for quality assurance of a Gamma Knife®

  • Yona Choi;Kook Jin Chun;Jungbae Bahng;Sang Hyoun Choi;Gyu Seok Cho;Tae Hoon Kim;Hye Jeong Yang;Yeong Chan Seo;Hyun-Tai Chung
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제55권8호
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    • pp.2935-2940
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    • 2023
  • A polystyrene phantom was developed following the guidance of the International Atomic Energy Association (IAEA) for gamma knife (GK) quality assurance. Its performance was assessed by measuring the absorbed dose rate to water and dose distributions. The phantom was made of polystyrene, which has an electron density (1.0156) similar to that of water. The phantom included one outer phantom and four inner phantoms. Two inner phantoms held PTW T31010 and Exradin A16 ion chambers. One inner phantom held a film in the XY plane of the Leksell coordinate system, and another inner phantom held a film in the YZ or ZX planes. The absorbed dose rate to water and beam profiles of the machine-specific reference (msr) field, namely, the 16 mm collimator field of a GK PerfexionTM or IconTM, were measured at seven GK sites. The measured results were compared to those of an IAEA-recommended solid water (SW) phantom. The radius of the polystyrene phantom was determined to be 7.88 cm by converting the electron density of the plastic, considering a water depth of 8 g/cm2. The absorbed dose rates to water measured in both phantoms differed from the treatment planning program by less than 1.1%. Before msr correction, the PTW T31010 dose rates (PTW Freiberg GmbH, New York, NY, USA) in the polystyrene phantom were 0.70 (0.29)% higher on average than those in the SW phantom. The Exradin A16 (Standard Imaging, Middleton, WI, USA) dose rates were 0.76 (0.32)% higher in the polystyrene phantom. After msr correction factors were applied, there were no statistically significant differences in the A16 dose rates measured in the two phantoms; however, the T31010 dose rates were 0.72 (0.29)% higher in the polystyrene phantom. When the full widths at half maximum and penumbras of the msr field were compared, no significant differences between the two phantoms were observed, except for the penumbra in the Y-axis. However, the difference in the penumbra was smaller than variations among different sites. A polystyrene phantom developed for gamma knife dosimetry showed dosimetric performance comparable to that of a commercial SW phantom. In addition to its cost effectiveness, the polystyrene phantom removes air space around the detector. Additional simulations of the msr correction factors of the polystyrene phantom should be performed.