• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 1988

For the collapse of structures due to the variable repeated load, two types of collapse mechanisms, i.e., incremental collapse and alternating plasticity, exist. Under the similar variable repeated loading conditions there exists shakedown state in the structures. In shakedown state, the number of plastic hinges are not increased and all further loading will be resulted in the elastic moment changes. Namely, under the shakedown state, structures do not collapse. In this investigation, shakedown analysis are performed by composing new computer programs. Basic theories employed to compose the programs are as follows. 1. Newton-Raphson methods are added to the existing matrix method for the plastic analysis. 2. An effort to construct the stiffness of axial and bending springs attached at both ends of the member has been made. By using the programs developed, it is possible to anticipate the collapse mechanisms (Incremental collapse, alternating plasticity). Lastly for the verification of performance of the program, demonstration examples have been solved and the results are compared with other sources.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.117-124
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• 1991

본 논문에서는 편면 보강판의 압축 강도 해석 시, 유한 요소법의 비경제성을 극복하기 위하여, 붕괴 양식을 가정하고, 각 붕괴 양식에 대해 압축 강도를 구하였다. 최종 강도는 탄성 대변형 해석 곡선과 소성 붕괴를 가정하여 얻은 소성 해석 곡선과의 교점으로 택하였다. 기존의 연구와는 달리 소성 붕괴선의 형상을 변경시켜 최소의 강도 값을 주는 교점을 최종 강도로 택하였다. 최소 강비는 가정한 붕괴 양식의 교점으로 부터 얻어질 수 있다. 탄성 해석에서는 좌굴 파형을 가정하고, 보강재의 비대칭으로 인한 편심 모우멘트를 고려하였으며, 평형 조건식은 Rayleigh-Ritz법을 이용하여 유도하였다. 소성 해석 시에는 고성 붕괴선을 가정하여 소성 붕괴 조건식을 유도하였다. 좌굴과 최종 강도 계산 결과를 유한 요소법에 의한 결과와 비교한 결과, 양호한 일치를 보였다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.72-79
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• 1998

탄소성 보구조물의 정적 변형은 하중의 크기가 소성붕괴력 $F_c$ 보다 작게 될 때만 적용된다. 그러나 충격이나 폭발 상황에서 소성 붕괴력을 넘는 하중을 받는 보 구조물은 정적인 탄소성 변형과 다른 응답특성을 보이게 된다. 본 논문에서는 간단한 구조 모델로서 강-완전 소성 외팔보를 도입하여 소성 붕괴력보다 큰 하중 ($F>F_c$)이 작용하였을 때 구조물의 응답특성을 연구하였다. 계단 하중(step loading)이 가해졌을 경우에 보의 운동을 무차원하여 계산하고 이 결과를 사각형파 하중(rectangular force pulse)이 가해지는 경우에도 이용하여 해석하였다. 해석 수행 결과 무차원화된 힘을 나타내는 파라메타인 $f{\equiv}F/F_c$의 함수로서 보의 변위를 나타낼 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.135-148
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• 2007

A new finite shear wall element model and a method for calculation of 3D multi-storied only shear walled or shear walled - framed structures using finite shear wall elements assumed ideal elasto - plastic material are developed. The collapse load of the system subjected to factored constant gravity loads and proportionally increasing lateral loads is calculated with a method of load increments. The shape functions over the element are determined as a cubic variation along the story height and a linear variation in horizontal direction because of the rigid behavior of the floor slab. In case shear walls are chosen as only one element in every floor, correct solutions are obtained by using this developed element. Because of the rigid behavior of the floor slabs, the number of unknowns are reduced substantially. While in framed structures, classical plastic hinge hypothesis is used, in nodes of shear wall elements when vertical deformation parameter is exceeded ${\varepsilon}_e$, this node is accepted as a plastic node. While the system is calculated with matrix displacement method, for determination of collapse safety, plastic displacements and plastic deformations are taken as additional unknowns. Rows and columns are added to the system stiffness matrix for additional unknowns.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.450-459
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• 2010

The present paper investigates the collapse pressure of cylinders with intermediate thickness subjected to external pressure based on detailed elastic-plastic finite element (FE) analyses. The effect of the initial ovality of the tube on the collapse pressure was explicitly considered in the FE analyses. Based on the present FE results, the analytical yield locus, considering the interaction between the plastic collapse and local instability due to initial ovality, was also proposed. The collapse pressure values based on the proposed yield locus agree well with the present FE results; thus, the validity of the proposed yield locus for the thickness range of interest was verified. Moreover, the partial safety factor concept based on the structural reliability theory was also applied to the proposed collapse pressure estimation model, and, thus, the priority of importance of respective parameter constituting for the collapse of cylinders under external pressure was estimated in this study. From the application of the partial safety factor concept, the yield strength was concluded to be the most sensitive, and the initial ovality of tube was not so effective in the proposed collapse pressure estimation model. The present deterministic and probabilistic results are expected to be utilized in the design and maintenance of cylinders subjected to external pressure with initial ovality, such as the once-through type steam generator.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.316-326
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• 2004

The $40\%$ of wall criterion, which is generally used for the plugging of steam generator tubes, is applied only to a single crack. In a previous study, a total number of 9 failure models were proposed to estimate the local failure of the ligament between cracks, and the optimum coalescence model of multiple collinear cracks was determined among these models. It is, however known that parallel axial cracks are more frequently detected than collinear axial cracks during an in-service inspection. The objective of this study is to determine the plastic collapse model that can be applied to steam generator tubes containing two parallel axial through-wall cracks. Three previously proposed local failure models were selected as the candidates. Subsequently, the interaction effects between two adjacent cracks were evaluated to screen them. Plastic collapse tests for the plate with two parallel through-wall cracks and finite element analyses were performed to determine the optimum plastic collapse model. By comparing the test results with the prediction results obtained from the candidate models, a COD base model was selected as an optimum model.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.35-52
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• 2002

It was shown in the previous study (Lee and Bertero 1993) that incremental collapse can lead to the exhaustion of the plastic rotation capacity at critical regions in a structure when subjected to the number of load cycles and load intensities as expected during maximum credible earthquakes and that this type of collapse can be predicted using the shakedown analysis technique. In this study, a minimum-weight design methodology, which takes into account not only the prevention of this incremental collapse but also the requirements of the serviceability limit states, is proposed by using the shakedown analysis technique and a nonlinear programming algorithm (gradient projection method).

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.553-571
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• 2016

The progressive collapse potential of steel moment framed structures due to abrupt removal of a column is investigated based on the energy principle. Based on the changes of component's internal energy, this paper analyzes structural member's sensitivity to abrupt removal of a column to determine a sub-structure resisting progressive collapse. An energy-based structural damage index is defined to judge whether progressive collapse occurs in a structure. Then, a simplified beam damage model is proposed to analyze the energies absorbed and dissipated by structural beams at large deflections, and a simplified modified plastic hinges model is developed to consider catenary action in beams. In addition, the correlation between bending moment and axial force in a beam during the whole deformation development process is analyzed and modified, which shows good agreement with the experimental results.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.254-266
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• 2017

Finite-element analysis based on elastic-perfectly plastic material was conducted to examine the influence of structural deformations on collapse loads of circumferential through-wall critically cracked $90^{\circ}$ pipe bends undergoing in-plane closing bending and internal pressure. The critical crack is defined for a through-wall circumferential crack at the extrados with a subtended angle below which there is no weakening effect on collapse moment of elbows subjected to in-plane closing bending. Elliptical and semioval cross sections were postulated at the bend regions and compared. Twice-elastic-slope method was utilized to obtain the collapse loads. Structural deformations, namely, ovality and thinning, were each varied from 0% to 20% in steps of 5% and the normalized internal pressure was varied from 0.2 to 0.6. Results indicate that elliptic cross sections were suitable for pipe ratios 5 and 10, whereas for pipe ratio 20, semioval cross sections gave satisfactory solutions. The effect of ovality on collapse loads is significant, although it cancelled out at a certain value of applied internal pressure. Thinning had a negligible effect on collapse loads of bends with crack geometries considered.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.57-66
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• 1989

본 논문에서는 선체구조의 최종강도 해석에 적용을 위하여 3차원 프레임의 대변형 탄소성 정적해석에 대한 것을 다루었다, 보의 해석에 관한 방법의 유도과정에 전단변형의 효과를 포함하고, 선체 횡구조의 강력늑골을 프레임 구조로 이상화 하기 위하여 박판거어더를 최종강도 거동에 대한 연구를 수행하였다, 그리고 본 논문에서 제시된 해석방법을 참고 문헌에서 언급된 선체구조모델에 대해 적용하여 만족스러운 결과를 얻었다.