• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.1622-1633
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• 2002

The effects of tuna oil supplementation (0, 1, 2 and 3%) to pig diets on growth and carcass yield as well as meat quality were determined in 40 crossbred pigs. Animals were fattened from 30 to 90 kg of live-weight. Twenty-four hours after slaughter, following various early- and late-post mortem measurements, loin, backfat and belly were prepared from the carcasses. Bacon was produced from the belly part by curing and smoking. Neither performance (feed intake, daily gains, feed conversion efficiency) nor carcass quality (slaughter weight, dressing percentage, lean percentage, nutrient composition of the loin) were significantly affected by tuna oil supplementation. Tuna oil also had no clear effects on early- and late-post mortem meat quality traits, water-holding capacity and tenderness of the M. longissiumus dorsi (LD). Colour traits of LD and backfat, and backfat firmness were not significantly affected by tuna oil, either. However, there was a certain trend to elevated fat contents of LD (and bacon), but not of backfat, with increasing levels of tuna oil in feed. Pigs receiving elevated proportions of tuna oil expressed lower VLDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in blood plasma, whereas the cholesterol content of LD, backfat and bacon did not reflect this trend. Effects of tuna oil on fatty acids in LD, backfat and bacon were often small in extent, except those concerning the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. With 3% tuna oil in the diet, the contents of the particularly desired omega-3 fatty acids, C20:5 and C22:6, were 0.1 and 0.2 g/kg in LD. The corresponding values for backfat and bacon were 2.6 and 12.6 g/kg, and 1.3 and 9.2 g/kg, respectively. Tuna oil supplementation was associated with significant adverse effects on flavour and overall acceptance of bacon (not significant in LD although numerically the same trend was noted), but these effects on sensory ratings were limited in extent. Also shelf life of the products, determined as TBA value after different storage periods at $4^{\circ}C$ in LD, backfat and bacon, was significantly reduced. Overall, the present study suggests that omega-3 fatty acids may be enriched in pork by feeding tuna oil with few undesired side-effects, particularly those on sensory perception and shelf life, suggesting immediate consumption of the products is advisable. Most economically important traits (performance, slaughter and physical meat quality) remained unaffected.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.116-119
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• 2009

Background: Preanalytical factors can affect reliability of hormone assay results. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in blood is considered highly unstable because of proteolytic degradation, so storage of blood samples on ice until analysis is recommended. In clinical practice, however, this procedure may present logistical problems because most samples for ACTH measurement must be shipped from the place of sample collection to the laboratory. Therefore, we studied the impact of time and temperature before plasma separation and analysis on the results of ACTH assays. Methods: A total number of 22 patients were enrolled in this study. We obtained 2 blood samples. ACTH concentrations were 35~126 pg/mL. ACTH concentrations were measured by immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) using commercial kits (CIS Biointernational, Gif-sur-Yvette, France). Results: ACTH levels showed a significant difference between the samples of $22^{\circ}C$ EDTA and $4^{\circ}C$ EDTA. Measured ACTH concentrations significantly decreased with time before freezing at $-20^{\circ}C$. ACTH levels showed no significant difference between the groups of after storage for 24 hr without centrifugation at $22^{\circ}C$ and $4^{\circ}C$. Conclusion: We recommend that blood samples be obtained on pre-chilled EDTA collection tubes. The shortest possible time between sample collection and processing is always the best laboratory practice.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.1824-1836
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• 2020

Objective: On the hypothesis that grazing of cattle prompts organs to secrete or internalize circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) in parallel with changes in energy metabolism, we aimed to clarify biological events in adipose, skeletal muscle, and liver tissues in grazing Japanese Shorthorn (JSH) steers by a transcriptomic approach. Methods: The subcutaneous fat (SCF), biceps femoris muscle (BFM), and liver in JSH steers after three months of grazing or housing were analyzed using microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), followed by gene ontology (GO) and functional annotation analyses. Results: The results of transcriptomics indicated that SCF was highly responsive to grazing compared to BFM and liver tissues. The 'Exosome', 'Carbohydrate metabolism' and 'Lipid metabolism' were extracted as the relevant GO terms in SCF and BFM, and/or liver from the >1.5-fold-altered mRNAs in grazing steers. The qPCR analyses showed a trend of upregulated gene expression related to exosome secretion and internalization (charged multivesicular body protein 4A, vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B, vesicle associated membrane protein 7, caveolin 1) in the BFM and SCF, as well as upregulation of lipolysis-associated mRNAs (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, hormone-sensitive lipase, perilipin 1, adipose triglyceride lipase, fatty acid binding protein 4) and most of the microRNAs (miRNAs) in SCF. Moreover, gene expression related to fatty acid uptake and inter-organ signaling (solute carrier family 27 member 4 and angiopoietin-like 4) was upregulated in BFM, suggesting activation of SCF-BFM organ crosstalk for energy metabolism. Meanwhile, expression of plasma exosomal miR-16a, miR-19b, miR-21-5p, and miR-142-5p was reduced. According to bioinformatic analyses, the c-miRNA target genes are associated with the terms 'Endosome', 'Caveola', 'Endocytosis', 'Carbohydrate metabolism', and with pathways related to environmental information processing and the endocrine system. Conclusion: Exosome and fatty acid metabolism-related gene expression was altered in SCF of grazing cattle, which could be regulated by miRNA such as miR-142-5p. These changes occurred coordinately in both the SCF and BFM, suggesting involvement of exosome in the SCF-BFM organ crosstalk to modulate energy metabolism.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.29-29
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• 2009

On this research, laser welding technology for manufacturing automobile body is studied. Laser welding technology is one of the important technologies used in the manufacturing of lighter, safer automotive bodies at a high level of productivity; the leading automotive manufacturers have replaced spot welding with laser welding in the process of car body assembly. Korean auto manufacturers are developing and applying the laser welding technology using a high output power Nd:YAG laser and a 6-axes industrial robot. On the other hand, the robot-based remote laser welding system was equipped with a long focal laser scanner system in robotic end effect. Laser system, robot system, and scanner system are used for realizing the high speed laser welding system. The remote laser welding system and industrial robotic system are used to consist of robot-based remote laser welding system. The robot-based remote laser welding system is flexible and able to improve laser welding speed compared with traditional welding as spot welding and laser welding. The robot-based remote laser systems used in this study were Trumpf's 4kW Nd:YAG laser (HL4006D) and IPG's 1.6kW Fiber laser (YLR-1600), while the robot systems were of ABB's IRB6400R (payload:120kg) and Hyundai Heavy Industry's HX130-02 (payload:130kg). In addition, a study of quality evaluation and monitoring technology for the remote laser welding was conducted. The welding joints of steel plate and steel plate coated with zinc were butt and lapped joints. The quality testing of the laser welding was conducted by observing the shape of the beads on the plate and the cross-section of the welded parts, analyzing the results of mechanical tension test, and monitoring the plasma intensity and temperature by using UV and IR detectors. Over the past years, Trumf's 4kW Nd:YAG laser and ABB's IRB6400R robot system was used. Nowadays, the new laser source, robot and laser scanner system are used to increase the processing speed and to improve the efficiency of processes. This paper proposes the robot-based remote laser welding system as a means of resolving the limited welding speed and accuracy of conventional laser welding systems.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.263-271
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• 2014

Objectives: Along with the several cases of pulmonary disorders caused by exposure to indium that have been reported in Japan, China, and the United States, cases of Korean workers involved in processes that require handling of indium compounds with potential risk of exposure to indium compounds have also been reported. We performed biological monitoring for workers in various target manufacturing processes of indium, indium oxide, and indium tin oxide(ITO)/indium zinc oxide(IZO) in domestic factories. Materials: As biological exposure indices, we measured serum concentrations of indium using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and Krebs von den Lungen 6(KL-6) and surfactant protein D(SP-D) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. We classified the ITO/IZO target manufacturing process into powdering, mixing, molding, sintering, polishing, bonding, and finishing. Results: The powdering process workers showed the highest serum indium level. The mixing and polishing process workers also showed high serum indium levels. In the powdering process, the mean indium serum concentration in the workers exceeded $3{\mu}g/L$, the reference value in Japan. Of the powdering, mixing, and polishing process workers, 83.3%, 50.0%, and 24.5%, respectively, had values exceeding the reference value in Japan. We suppose that the reason of the higher prevalence of high indium concentrations in powder processing workers was that most of the particles in the powdering process were respirable dust smaller than $10{\mu}m$. The mean KL-6 and SP-D concentrations were high in the powdering, mixing, and polishing process workers. Therefore, the workers in these processes who were at greater risk of exposure to indium powder were those who had higher serum levels of indium, as well as KL-6 and SP-D. We observed significant differences in serum indium, KL-6, and SP-D levels between the process groups. Conclusions: Five among the seven reported cases of "indium lung" in Japan involved polishing process workers. Polishing process workers in Korea also had high serum levels of indium, KL-6, and SP-D. The outcomes of this study can be used as essential bases for establishing biological monitoring measures for workers handling indium compounds, and for developing health-care guidelines and special medical surveillance in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.433-433
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• 2012

As the requirement in patterning geometry continuously shrinks down, the termination of etch process at the exact time became crucial for the success in nano patterning technology. By virtue of real-time optical emission spectroscopy (OES), etch end point detection (EPD) technique continuously develops; however, it also faced with difficulty in low open ratio etching, typically in self aligned contact (SAC) and one cylinder contact (OCS), because of very small amount of optical emission from by-product gas species in the bulk plasma glow discharge. In developing etching process, one may observe that coupon test is being performed. It consumes costs and time for preparing the patterned sample wafers every test in priority, so the coupon wafer test instead of the whole patterned wafer is beneficial for testing and developing etch process condition. We also can observe that etch open area is varied with the number of coupons on a dummy wafer. However, this can be a misleading in OES study. If the coupon wafer test are monitored using OES, we can conjecture the endpoint by experienced method, but considering by data, the materials for residual area by being etched open area are needed to consider. In this research, we compare and analysis the OES data for coupon wafer test results for monitoring about the conditions that the areas except the patterns on the coupon wafers for real-time process monitoring. In this research, we compared two cases, first one is etching the coupon wafers attached on the carrier wafer that is covered by the photoresist, and other case is etching the coupon wafers on the chuck. For comparing the emission intensity, we chose the four chemical species (SiF2, N2, CO, CN), and for comparing the etched profile, measured by scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, we adopted the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm for analyzing the chose OES data patterns, and analysis the covariance and coefficient for statistical method. After the result, coupon wafers are over-etched for without carrier wafer groups, while with carrier wafer groups are under-etched. And the CN emission intensity has significant difference compare with OES raw data. Based on these results, it necessary to reasonable analysis of the OES data to adopt the pre-data processing and algorithms, and the result will influence the reliability for relation of coupon wafer test and whole wafer test.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2010

The electrolytic reduction of a spent oxide fuel involves a liberation of the oxygen in a molten LiCl electrolyte, which results in a chemically aggressive environment that is too corrosive for typical structural materials. Accordingly, it is essential to choose the optimum material for the processing equipment that handles the high molten salt. In this study, hot corrosion studies were performed on bare as well as coated superalloy specimens after exposure to lithium molten salt at $675^{\circ}C$ for 216 h under an oxidizing atmosphere. The IN713LC superalloy specimens were sprayed with an aluminized NiCrAlY bond coat and then with an $Y_2O_3$ top coat. The bare superalloy reveals an obvious weight loss due to spalling of the scale by the rapid scale growth and thermal stress. The chemical and thermal stability of the top coat has been found to be beneficial for increasing to the corrosion resistance of the structural materials for handling high temperature lithium molten salts.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.55-61
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• 2021

In this paper, we proposed a DeepLabv3+ based encoder-decoder model utilizing an attention mechanism for precise semantic segmentation. The DeepLabv3+ is a semantic segmentation method based on deep learning and is mainly used in applications such as autonomous vehicles, and infrared image analysis. In the conventional DeepLabv3+, there is little use of the encoder's intermediate feature map in the decoder part, resulting in loss in restoration process. Such restoration loss causes a problem of reducing segmentation accuracy. Therefore, the proposed method firstly minimized the restoration loss by additionally using one intermediate feature map. Furthermore, we fused hierarchically from small feature map in order to effectively utilize this. Finally, we applied an attention mechanism to the decoder to maximize the decoder's ability to converge intermediate feature maps. We evaluated the proposed method on the Cityscapes dataset, which is commonly used for street scene image segmentation research. Experiment results showed that our proposed method improved segmentation results compared to the conventional DeepLabv3+. The proposed method can be used in applications that require high accuracy.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.39-47
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• 2020

In this paper, we proposed a deep learning-based detection method using Saliency Attention to detect salient objects in images. The salient object detection separates the object where the human eye is focused from the background, and determines the highly relevant part of the image. It is usefully used in various fields such as object tracking, detection, and recognition. Existing deep learning-based methods are mostly Autoencoder structures, and many feature losses occur in encoders that compress and extract features and decoders that decompress and extend the extracted features. These losses cause the salient object area to be lost or detect the background as an object. In the proposed method, Saliency Attention is proposed to reduce the feature loss and suppress the background region in the Autoencoder structure. The influence of the feature values was determined using the ELU activation function, and Attention was performed on the feature values in the normalized negative and positive regions, respectively. Through this Attention method, the background area was suppressed and the projected object area was emphasized. Experimental results showed improved detection results compared to existing deep learning methods.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.45-51
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• 2021

With the development of deep learning, semantic segmentation methods are being studied in various fields. There is a problem that segmenation accuracy drops in fields that require accuracy such as medical image analysis. In this paper, we improved PSPNet, which is a deep learning based segmentation method to minimized the loss of features during semantic segmentation. Conventional deep learning based segmentation methods result in lower resolution and loss of object features during feature extraction and compression. Due to these losses, the edge and the internal information of the object are lost, and there is a problem that the accuracy at the time of object segmentation is lowered. To solve these problems, we improved PSPNet, which is a semantic segmentation model. The multi-scale attention proposed to the conventional PSPNet was added to prevent feature loss of objects. The feature purification process was performed by applying the attention method to the conventional PPM module. By suppressing unnecessary feature information, eadg and texture information was improved. The proposed method trained on the Cityscapes dataset and use the segmentation index MIoU for quantitative evaluation. As a result of the experiment, the segmentation accuracy was improved by about 1.5% compared to the conventional PSPNet.