• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2023

Effects of changes in photoperiod on the reproductive events in fish are suggested to be mediated mainly via the action of melatonin (MEL). Changing levels of plasma MEL throughout the day and year are suggested to influence the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis in fish. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of MEL on oocyte maturation and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in the marine fish, Chaenogobius annularis, in vitro. Oocytes at three different stages (pre-, mid-, and late-vitellogenesis) were incubated with (a) only MEL (5, 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1,000 pg/mL) and (b) 50 pg/mL of 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17α20βP), maturation-inducing hormone (MIH) of this species, and MEL (4-h incubation before addition of MIH). Any single MEL treatment did not significantly induce GVBD. However, treatment with 50 pg/mL MEL or MIH significantly induced GVBD. These results suggest that preincubation with MEL accelerates the effect of MIH on longchin goby oocyte maturation.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.729-736
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• 2007

본 연구는 돼지 정액의 체외보존에 있어 pyruvate, taurine 및 melatonin의 항산화 효과와 생존력의 평가방법간의 상관관계를 검토하고자 실시하였다. 돼지 정액의 체외보존시 항산화 효과를 평가하기 위하여 체외보존 신선정액에 pyruvate(1mM), taurine(50 mM) 및 melatonin(100nM)에 H2O2(100uM)을 혼합첨가 및 항산화제 단독처리하여 체외에서 3~12시간까지 배양하면서 3시간 간격으로 정자의 운동성, 정자의 원형질막의 완전성 및 지질 산화도를 측정하였다. 정자의 운동성은 항산화제 첨가구가 다른 처리구에 비해 높은 결과를 나타내었고, Hypoosmotic swelling test(HOST) 방법을 이용한 정자의 원형질막 완전성에서도 운동성과 유사한 결과를 나타내었다. 정자의 원형질막의 지질산화도 검사에서는 항산화제 첨가구와 무첨가구가 H2O2 첨가구와 H2O2와 항산화제의 혼합 첨가구에 비해 낮은 결과를 나타내었다. 또한 평가방법들 간의 상관관계에서는 운동성과 정자의 원형질막의 완전성에는 정의 상관관계를 나타내었고, 정액의 성상검사 방법과 지질산화검사 방법에서는 부의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 본 실험의 결과는 정액희석액에 항산화제의 첨가는 정자의 운동성 및 정자의 원형질막 완전성을 증가시키고, 정자의 원형질막의 지질산화도를 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 정자의 원형질막의 완전성 검사 (HOST)는 정자의 원형질막의 지질산화도 검사 및 운동성 검사를 대신하여 정자의 질적 평가에 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.1291-1298
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• 2010

The aim of this research was to investigate the dynamic changes of the level of total prolactin receptor (PRLR) mRNA and the short form prolactin receptor (S-PRLR) mRNA in skin of cashmere goats from the initiation of cashmere fibre growth to active growth. Eighteen half-sib wethers were allocated randomly to two groups. Melatonin implants were used in order to initiate growth of cashmere fibre before the normal time and reduce blood plasma prolactin (PRL) concentration. Real-time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) was used to determine PRLR mRNA expression levels of skin from June to November. The results showed that, in Chinese Inner Mongolia cashmere goats, there were seasonal variations in expression of total PRLR mRNA in skin with levels decreasing from June to October. Synchronously, the cashmere fibre growth rate gradually increased during this period, but the expression levels of S-PRLR mRNA did not decrease along with seasonal variation from initiation to active growth of cashmere fibre. These results suggest that expression levels of S- PRLR mRNA might be involved in the process of cashmere growth. It was also possible that the change of alternative splicing of PRLR occurred in the skin of cashmere goats from proanagen to anagen.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.374-379
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• 2001

These studies were performed to investigate the effect of antioxidants, melatonin (MLT) and ascorbic acid (AA), on the diabetic complications. In the experiment, twenty-four Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups; Group 1: no treatment (control) (n=6), Group 2: Streptozotocin (STZ; 65 mg/kg b.w. ip) treatment (n=6), Group 3: MLT (10 mg/kg b.w. ip) treatment (n=6), Group 4: ascorbic acid (AA: 40 mg/kg b.w.ip) treatment (n=6). Rats were sacrificed and collected designated samples (blood, kidney, pancreas) at the 21 days after antioxidant treatment (the 8th week after STZ injection). There was no significant change of body weight during the experiment period in the all groups. The concentration of blood glucose was decreased below 200 mg/dl in MLT. The concentration of HbA$_1$c level was decreased significantly in MLT (7.3$\pm$0.66%) compared with STZ (15.1$\pm$1.58%) (p<0.01). No significant change of SOD activity in the RBC and kidney was found in the all groups. In the pancreas, MLT (1.42$\pm$0.17 U/ml) and AA(1.65$\pm$0.16 U/ml) decreased SOD activity compared with STZ (4.10$\pm$0.27 U/ml). However, there was no significant difference among MLT and AA. The level of malondialdehyde(MDA) as an indicator of lipid peroxydation was decreased in MLT compared with STZ in the plasma, kidney and pancreas(p<0.01). These findings suggest that melatonin could prevent the complications of diabetes mellitus.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.486-493
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• 2024

Lighting has been used for a long time as a medium to convey brightness from darkness, and through incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps, LED light sources have now become the standard in the lighting industry. Recently, the lighting equipment industry has been undergoing rapid digital transformation, starting with smart lighting, and is evolving into smart lighting customized for individuals and spaces through the development of IoT technology, cloud-based services, and data analysis. However, the blue light emitted from digital devices (computers, smartphones, tablets, etc.) or LED lights stimulates the melanopsin in the optic ganglion cells in the retina of the eye, which in turn stimulates the secretion of melatonin through the pineal gland, which regulates the secretion of melatonin. This can reduce sleep quality or disrupt biological rhythms. This interaction between blue light and melatonin has such a significant impact on human sleep patterns and overall health that it is essential to reduce exposure to blue light, especially in the evening. Human-centered lighting refers to lighting that takes into account the effects of light on the physical and mental areas, such as human activity and awakening, improvement of sleep quality, and health management. Many research institutes study the effects in the visible area and the non-visible area. By studying the impact, it is expected to improve the quality of human life. In this study, we plan to study ways to implement human-centered lighting by collecting sunrise and sunset data and linking commercialized LED packages and control devices with open-source hardware.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.988-994
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• 2008

The purpose of the investigation was to establish how the pineal-adrenal axis plays an important role in thermoregulation in female goats under short-term heat stress. The study was conducted to observe the influence of glucocorticoids on pineal function in goats and its influence on stress alleviation capability. Melatonin and glucocorticoid secretions and several other endocrine and biochemical blood parameters reflecting the animals well being were determined over a one week period after goats had been exposed to $40^{\circ}C$ and 60% relative humidity for 10 days. Six female goats were used in the study. These animals served as self controls prior to the start of the experiment. The study was conducted for a period of seventeen days in a psychrometric chamber at $40^{\circ}C$ and 60% relative humidity. Chemical pinealectomy was achieved using propranolol followed by exogenous hydrocortisone treatment. Blood samples were drawn twice daily after each treatment to find the effect of hydrocortisone on plasma glucose, total protein, total cholesterol, cortisol, insulin, aldosterone, melatonin and corticosterone. Chemical pinealectomy significantly ($p{\leq}0.05$) affected plasma levels of the parameters studied and these could be significantly ($p{\leq}0.05$) counteracted by administration of hydrocortisone. Chemical pinealectomy aggravated thermal stress, although administration of hydrocortisone could ameliorate the condition. This indicated a role of the pineal in support of thermoregulation. The study establishes the modulating effect of glucocorticoids on pineal activity to relieve thermal stress in goats.

• 대한지역사회작업치료학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2018

목적 : 수면장애는 노인에게 있어 다양한 이유로 빈발하고 있다. 이러한 노인의 수면장애에서 운동 강도에 따른 지속적인 운동습관이 수면장애의 치료적 효과를 줄 수 있는지를 밝히기 위해서 뇌파와 멜라토닌의 농도를 이용한 과학적인 방법으로 접근하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 연구방법 : 일부지역의 노인시설에 거주하는 65세 이상의 노인 30명을 대상으로 하였다. 수면장애의 판단은 수면시간 6시간 이하의 경우(Kozier et al, 2004)와 PSQI(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index)의 점수를 동시에 만족하는 경우로 정하였다. 운동유형별 적용은 저강도의 걷기운동, 중강도의 유산소 운동, 고강도의 저항성 근력운동을 적용하였으며 측정도구는 뇌파에서 파형을 체크하기 위하여 QEEG 8-System(LAXTHA Inc. KOREA) 기기와 수면의 질을 검사하기 위해서 수면다원검사에 사용하는 Polysomnograpy (Compumedics, Australia) 기기를 사용하였다. 그리고 TTC(triphenyltetrazolium chloride) 염색과 H & E(Hematoxylin & Eosin) 염색을 통해 조직학적 양상을 관찰하였다. 결과 : 중강도의 유산소 운동 후에 멜라토닌의 농도와 뇌파로 측정한 수면지수에는 긍정적인 유의미한 변화가 있었다. 중강도의 유산소 운동에서는 SWS가 저강도, 고강도 운동보다 유의한 효과가 있었고 SWS의 관찰지표인 델타파의 유의한 변화가 있었다. 결론 : 인체의 일주기성 리듬의 생화학적, 행동학적 기능에 변화를 가져오는 노인에게서 수면장애에 대한 지속적인 운동은 운동의 유형에 따라 효과가 다름을 알 수 있었고 특히 유산소 운동이 다른 운동보다 노인 수면장애에 효과가 크다는 것을 멜라토닌의 농도와 뇌파를 통하여 알 수 있었다. 노인에게 맞춤형 운동을 제공하여 노인들의 삶의 질에 유용하고 건강한 말년을 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.503-507
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• 1998

Percutaneous absorption and model membrane variations of melationin (MT) in aqueous-based propylene glycol and $2-hydroxypropyl-{\beta}-cyclodextrin $vehicles were investigatted. the excised hairless mouse skin (HMS) and two synthetic ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and microporous polyethylene (MPE) were selected as a model membrane. the solubility of MT was determined by phase equilibrium study. the vertical $Franz{\circledR}$ type cell was used for diffusion study. The concentration of MT was determined using reverse phse HPLC system. The MT solubility was the highest in a mixture of PG and $2-HP{\beta}CD$. The percutaneous absorption of MT through excised HMS increased as the solubility increased. However, the permeability coefficient decreased and then slightly increased in mixture of PG and $2-HP{\beta}CD$. On the other hand, both flux and permeability coefficient through EVA membrane decreased as the solubility increased. No MT was detected over 12 h after starting diffusion through MPE membrane. The flux of MT was dependent on the type of membrane selected. Flux of MT was greatest in excised HMS followed by EBA and MPE membrane. Flux of MT through EVA membrane was 5-20 times lower when compared to excised HMS. Interestingly, volumes of donor phase when MPE membrane was used, significantly increased during the study period. the HMS might be applicable to expect plasma concentration of MT in human subjects based on flux and pharmacokinetic parameters as studied previously. the current studies may be applied to deliver MT transdermally using aqueous-based vehicles and to fabricate MT dosage forms.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.313-320
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 라벤더, 캐모마일, 레몬버베나, 타임, 바질의 복합 열수 추출물이 수면을 촉진하고 스트레스를 완화하는지 확인하기 위하여 농도에 따라 동물모델에 미치는 효과를 관찰하였다. 허브 복합추출물(HME)을 10, 30, 100 mg/kg의 농도로 3주간 구속 스트레스 모델과 수면장애 모델에 각각 경구투여 하였고, 실험 결과 구속 스트레스를 유도한 동물모델에서 HMEII군(30 mg/kg)과 HMEIII군(100 mg/kg)은 혈장 내 코티졸과 IL-6 함량을 감소시켰으며, HMEIII군은 체중 대비 부신 무게도 유의적으로 회복시킨 것을 확인하였다. 수면장애 모델에서는 HMEIII군이 대조군에 비해 체중이 증가하였고, HME II, III군은 혈장 내 멜라토닌 수치를 높였으며 코티졸 수치를 감소시켰다. 이러한 결과를 통해 본 실험에서 사용한 허브 복합추출물이 농도에 따라 스트레스 완화와 수면장애 개선에 효과가 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.343-348
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• 2018

In this study, the effect of daily short-distance walking exercise on milk production and metabolic status of the lactating dairy cows was investigated. The experiment was conducted with 10 lactating dairy cows comprising 2 groups (5 dairy cows/group), which were walking activity and non-walking activity. The walking activity (WA) group lactating dairy cows walked outdoors for 1 km/d, and the non-walking activity (non-WA) lactating dairy cows were maintained within a cowshed from $18^{th}$ April to $30^{th}$ May. The activity volume of the neck was not significantly different between the groups, but the activity volume of the leg was higher in WA group compared with non-WA (p<0.05). The rectal temperature was higher in the WA group ($38.6^{\circ}C$) compared with non-WA ($38.2^{\circ}C$) (p<0.05). No significant differences in dietary NE intake, milk production and milk composition were found between the groups. The plasma cortisol concentration was higher in WA group ($2.14{\mu}g/dl$) compared to non-WA ($0.95{\mu}g/dl$) (p<0.05). However, plasma cortisol level of WA dairy cows was significantly decreased as compared with non-WA cows. On the contrary, the level of plasma melatonin was increased in WA cows than that of non-WA dairy cows. It may be interpreted as a change in physical fitness. From this study, we suggest that walking activity can be improved energy balance. Further investigation is needed to determine whether different combinations of distance, rate or doing in morning or afternoon will stimulate energy balance.