• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 1981

The effect of sesame of L-lysine HCI and sesame supplementing a wheat flour diet on growth, liver lilpid content, and on the free amino acid levels in the plasma and liver was studied in young male rats with an initial body weight of $75{\pm}3g$. The free amino acids were analyzed by amino acid auto analyzer (JLC - 6HA, NO. 310). The results were as follows. The body weitht gain on L-lysine HCI and sesame supplemented diet was more than weight in the sesame added diet or wheat flour diet groups. Also the liver lipid contents of rats on a wheat flour diet supplemented with L-lysine HCI and sesame showed greater increases than the levels in rats on the wheat flour diets. The rate of liver lipid accumulation was depressed in rats fed L-lysine HCI supplemented wheat flour containing sesame than in rats fed soybean oil or shortening oil instead of sesame. The free phe. Tyr. Leu. Ileu. Val. Lys. levels in the plasma of rats administered the wheat flour diets supplemented with 0.25% L-lysine HCI were higher than those of rats without L-lysine HCI. The free phe. Tyr. Asp. His. Lys. contained in the liver were increased, but other free amino acids were decreased according to the L-lysine HCI amount.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.520-528
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• 2006

Free amino acids in epidermis function as a major component of Natural Moisturizing Factor (NMF), which maintains the optimal level of water in skin even at the low humidity. In fact, the depletion of free amino acids is reported in the epidermis of atopic dermatitis, the skin condition involving dryness. As an effort searching the dietary source for improving the level of water and free amino acid in epidermis, the dietary effects of silk protein, sericin (S) and fibroin (F) on trans epidermal water loss (TEWL), and plasma and epidermal levels of free amino acids were compared in this study. Thirty of male NC/Nga mice, an animal model of atopic dermatitis, were divided into three groups: group CA as an atopic control with control diet, group S: 1% sericin diet and group F: 1% fibroin diet. Ten of male BALB/c mice were served as group C (control group) with control diet. All mice were fed on diet and water ad libitum for 10weeks. Dry skin condition was established in group CA as TEWL was increased (148.7% of group C). In parallel, epidermal level of glutamate, one of major amino acids functioning as NMF, was dramatically decreased and epidermal levels of methionine and alanine were inversely elevated. Dietary supplementation of sericin (group S) reduced TEWL at the similar level with group C and increased epidermal levels of glutamate as well as serine and glycine, the other major amino acids as NMF. Despite a marked decrease of methionine and alanine, the reduction of TEWL and epidermal levels of glutamate, serine and glycine of group F were less than of group S. Furthermore, in contrast to similar levels of other free amino acids in plasma and epidermis of group S and group C, plasma and epidermal levels of other free amino acids, specifically phenylalanine, isoleucine, cysteine and tyrosine in epidermis of group F, were significantly higher than of group C. Together, our data demonstrate that dietary supplementation of sericin is more effective at improving dry skin condition that paralleled with the normalization of free amino acids in plasma and epidermis of NC/Nga mice.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.689-702
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• 1996

The purpose of this experiment was to compare the effects of tryptophan administration on nutritional status of female rats which consumed reserpine and 6% casein diet with different carbohydrate contents(87%, 65%, 44% respective). Final body weight, body weight gain, FER, plasma amino acid concentration and microsomal cytochrome P 450 content in liver were measured and microscopic structure of hepatocytes was observed. In low-protein diet, the higher the carbohydrate content of diet was, the lower the damage was in the rat's liver. Tryptophan administration after dose of reserpine induced more effective recovery from liver damage of rats in high carbohydrate diet group than that in low carbohydrate diet group. In conclusion, the general nutritional assessments such as final body weight and body weight gain provided better estimate of the degree of structural changes in hepatocytes than functional assessment such as plasma amino acid concentration or liver microsomal cytochrome P450.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 1977

The male rats after weaning were fed with the mixed diets of rice and some cereals for three weeks in a ad-libitum method. The growthgain of rats were determined by feeding those diets and the contents of free basic amino acids level in plasma were analyzed by amino acid analyzer. The results were as follows; 1. Rice diets group was highest in growthgain and weightgain, the second was the mixed of 80% rice-20% barley, and the last was the 80% rice-20% wheat group. 2. It was similar in the contents of plasma free basic amino acids of every diet group. The contents of Lys was highest and Arg, His were low in order. The mixed diet of 80% rice-20% barley group was higher than the rice only diet group in the contents of Lys and His. but rice only group was highest in Arg. The mixed of 80% rice-20% wheat diet group was lowest in the contents of Lys, His, Arg. Therefore feeding mixed diets of rice and cereals. the contents of Lys was highest, the second was Arg and the last was His in the plasma free basic amino acids level.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.846-854
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• 1995

Taurine concentrations in blood and various tissues were measured in cats fed normal trurine diet(0.15% taurine) and trurine-free diet(0% taurine) for 5 weeks and 12 weeks, respectively. Cumulative body weight gain in young cats fed normal taurine diet and taurine-free diet for the initial 5 weeks were 463$\pm$43g and 383$\pm$53g respectively. Taurine concentration was one to two orders magnitude higher in most tissues than in plasma, among which the liver taurine-free diet for 12 weeks resulted in 98% reduction in plasma taurine concentration, 93% reduction in whole blood tarurine concentration, and 40~90% reduction in tissue taurine concentrations compared to the values for normal taurine diet group. Among the tissues tested, taurine depletion was most profound in heart and kidney, while liver and intestine were relatively resistant to taurine depletion. Whole blood taruined concentration appeared to be a better index for the body taurine status of cats as in more closely reflects the rate of taurine depletion in tissues. Taurine depletion in cats significantly increased the concentrations of essential and non-essential free amino acids in liver, while free amino acid concentrations in other tissues were not affected by taurine depletion.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.396-402
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• 2005

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of dietary arginine concentrations on plasma free amino acid (PAA) concentrations in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). The first experiment was conducted to determine appropriate post-prandial and food deprivation sampling times in dorsal aorta cannulated rainbow trout averaging 519${\pm}$9.5 g (mean${\pm}$SD) at $16^{\circ}C$. Blood samples were taken at 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 24 h after feeding (0 and 24 h blood samples were taken from the same group of fish). PAA concentrations increased by 2 h post-feeding and the concentration of all essential amino acids except histidine peaked at 5 h and returned to 0 time values by 24 h. In the second experiment dorsal aorta cannulated rainbow trout averaging 528${\pm}$11.3 g (mean${\pm}$SD) were divided into 6 groups of 4 fish to study the effect of dietary arginine levels on PAA. After 24 h food deprivation, each group of fish was fed one of six L-amino acid diets containing graded levels of arginine (0.48, 1.08, 1.38, 1.68, 1.98 or 2.58%) by intubation. Blood samples were taken at 0, 5 and 24 h after feeding. Post-prandial (5 h after feeding) plasma-free arginine concentrations (PParg) showed a breakpoint at 1.03% arginine in the diet and post-absorptive (24 h after feeding) plasma free-arginine concentrations (PAarg) showed a breakpoint at 1.38% arginine. PAarg increased linearly from fish fed diets containing arginine between 0.48% and 1.38%, and the concentrations remained constant from fish fed diets containing arginine at or above 1.38%, but were all below PParg at all time points. Results of the third experiment confirm the results that PParg concentrations from fish fed arginine deficient diets were higher than PAarg (0 or 24 h values). Thus, in contrast to mammals and birds, the PParg when arginine is present in the diet as the most limiting amino acid such that it severely limits growth, increases in plasma rather than decreases.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.229-236
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• 1995

Multiple-step gradient method was used for the analysis of free amino acids in physiological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector on the Amino Quant $C_{18}$ column under the condition of pH 7.2 of buffer solutions. Plasma samples of normal Korean people and abnormal Korean people who have schizophrenia were subjected to derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde in the presence of 3-mercaptopropionic acid. Quantitative analysis of amino acids in physiological fluids by internal standard method gave highly reproducible results within a relative standard deviation of less than 2~6%. And amino acids amounts of physiological fluids of Korean people gave some different results from those of foreigners. There was large differences in tyrosine amount between normal and abnormal man.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 1974

Wistar Strain male rats were divided into four different diet groups and the control group was fed on seven percent casein diet (C), the second with a mixture of 80% of rice and 20% of buckwheat (RW), the third with rice only (R), and the fourth with a mixture of rice and buckwheat of equal nitrogen level (RWS). Each diet group consisted of six rats was fed for three weeks by the adlibitum feeding method. The results of the experiment, i, e, the growth gain and change in the level of branch-amino acids in the plasma determined by the micro-bioassay method were as follows. 1. The group C showed the largest growth gain and the rest did in the order of RW group, R group, and RWS group. 2. It was shown that rats fed on diet of higher protein score tend to have higher level of free branch-amino acids in the plasma. 3. Thus, the protein score may be estimated based on the level of the free branch-amino acids in the plasma.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.221-232
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of deficiency of essential amino acid in diet on feed intake and concentrations of free amino acid in plasma and brain(prepyriform cortex, PPC), and thereby to know the brain area engaged in the mechanism of feed intake regulation. In all trials, experimental diets were formulated with pure amino acid mixture to level of 15% nitrogen. Rats were trained to eat a single meal for 6 hours daily(meal feeding, 17:00-21:00). Feed intake and body weight were measured hourly on and after 7th day of feeding. In Exp. 1, feed intake and body weight were measured every hour, and the free amino acid concentrations of plasma and PPC were analysed at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 6 h on the 11th day of feeding. In Exp. 2, the complete diet was replaced with lysine devoid diet at the 11th day, and feed intake, body weight and free amino acid concentrations in plasma and PPC were samely measured on Exp. 1. In Exp. 1, feed intake on complete diet was self-sufficiented to daily feed intake level(15g/day) from the 7th day. Free amino acid concentrations of plasma and PPC at the 11th day were plateau at 1 hour after feeding. In Exp. 2, feed intake was quickly reduced by the diet replacement(P$<$0.05), and the free lysine concentration of plasma and PPC was also significantly decreased at 2 hour after feeding. However, cumulative feed intake was significantly decreased at 4 hour after feeding. These results may indicate that the concentrations of free lysine in plasma and PPC, under the condition of devoided lysine in diet, were more quickly droped than the reduction of feed intake rate. Hence, it is expected that PPC in brain might be a part of response area for limited amino acid.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 1990

The effect of dietary components on cholecystokinin (CCK) release into plasma was investigated in chicks by feeding a meal through a stomach tube, followed by the CCK determination with specific CCK-8 antibody. In experimental 1, the results showed that both isolated soya protein and an amino acid mixture simulating the amino acid composition of the soya protein increased the release of CCK, though to a lesser extent with a delayed response in the former, when added to a protein-free diet. Among amino acids added singly to the protein-free diet, phenylalanine was more efficient than arginine and valine, exerting a response almost identical to the complete amino acid mixture. In experimental 2 and 3, by feeding the protein diets supplemented SBTI, piasma CCK level was promptly increased and this response was in a dose dependent fashion during the measurement time, being higher at 1000 than at 100 mg/kg diet. Since the SBTI supplementation did not affect crop emptying rates significantly, it was concluded that SBTI by itself enhanced CCK release into circulation.