• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 1973

The changes of plasma renin activity, aldosterone concentration, serum sodium-, and potassium levels were studied before and after the water loading followed by diuretics injection. The materials were: 13 non-, 11 normal-, and 11 toxemic pregnancy cases. The plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration of the cord and postpartum blood were also measured. Following were the results: 1. The plasma renin activity was elevated significantly in normal pregnancy, and slightly in toxemic pregnancy. The serum sodium levels were decreased in pregnancy. 2. The plasma aldosterone concentration was slightly decreased in normal pregnancy, and slightly increased in toxemic pregnancy, however, statistically insignificant. 3. The plasma renin activity of the cord and postpartum blood were lower than those of pregnancy cases. 4. The changes of plasma renin activity after the diuretic administration showed an initial increase, which recovered within 2 hours. These changes were the least in normal pregnancy, and the most in toxemic pregnancy. 5. The changes of plasma aldosterone concentration after the diuretic administration were similar to those of plasma renin activity, although the variations were not so wide.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1084-1089
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• 1990

Plasma protein concentration, plasma albumin concentration, hematocrit, and arterial blood gas tension were measured in 15 mongrel dogs undergoing heart transplantation with cardiopulmonary bypass. The hemodilution due to priming solution resulted in a 49% decrease in plasma protein concentration, a 57% decrease in plasma albumin concentration, a 46%a decrease in hematocrit. The measurements had returned to preperfusion values 1 hour after the end of cardiopulmonary bypass. The intraoperative changes in plasma protein and albumin concentration did not correlate with changes in alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradients[D[A\ulcorner PO2]]. It is concluded that, in the absence of an increase in left atrial pressure, marked decrease in plasma protein concentration can be tolerated without the occurrence of pulmonary edema. And further study should be done to determine how to prepare an ideal priming solution.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.696-701
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• 2005

This paper was investigated the changes of surface properties of high-temperature-vulcanized (HTV) semiconductive silicone rubber due to oxygen plasma discharge. The modifications produced on the silicone rubber surface by oxygen plasma were accessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), contact angle and Surface Roughness Tester. The results of the chemical analysis Showed that C-H bonds were broken due to plasma discharge and Silica-like bonds (SiOx, x=$3\~4$) increased. It is thought that the above changes lead to the increase of surface energy of high-temperature-vulcanized (HTV) semiconductive silicone rubber also, Surface roughness was increased with cleavage of side-chains and oxidation process, it confirmed change as the SEM. The micromorphology of surface and hydrophobicity due to plasma discharge based on our results were discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.25-28
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• 2005

This paper was investigated the changes of surface properties of high-temperature-vulcanized(HTV) semiconductive silicone rubber due to oxygen plasma discharge. The modifications produced on the silicone surface by oxygen plasma were accessed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), contact angle and Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM). The results of the chemical analysis showed that C-H bonds were broken due to plasma discharge and Silica-like bonds (SiOx. x=3~4) increased. It is thought that the above changes lead to the increase of surface energy of high-temperature-vulcanized(HTV) semiconductive silicone rubber. The micromorphology of surface and hydrophobicity due to plasma discharge based on our results were discussed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1703-1708
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• 2009

Deproteinization has been recognized as a prerequisite for amino acid analysis of plasma samples. For plasma stored at room temperature, delaying deproteinization for 30, 60 or 120 minutes did not result in significant changes in the mean CV (coefficient of variation), which ranged from 4.4 to 5.6%. However the mean CV of aspartic acid, ${\alpha}$-aminoadipic acid, alanine and lysine was about 10%. When the plasma was stored frozen at -20${^{\circ}C}$, the CV was increased at 0 and 120 minutes after thawing, to 12.4% (range, 4.1 to 35.3%) and 8.0% (2.5 to 30.7%), respectively. The concentrations in plasma during storage at room temperature of all the amino acids analyzed showed significant changes. In plasma stored for 30 minutes at room temperature, 17 amino acids increased in concentrations and two decreased. Extending this period to 60 or 120 minutes increased the instability as compare to the reference group. Storing plasma at -20${^{\circ}C}$ for 2 weeks resulted in significantly greater changes in the amino acid concentrations than at room temperature. On extending the storage time at room temperature, after thawing, to 30, 60, and 120 minutes, 21, 20, and all 22 amino acids respectively changed significantly (p<0.01). The present study indicates that methodological errors occur in the concentrations determined for all amino acids when plasma is left at room temperature. The storage of frozen non-deproteinized plasma accompanied more significant changes in most amino acid concentrations and thus should be avoided. Deproteinization should be performed as soon as possible after plasma collection.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.45 no.7
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• pp.405-410
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• 2008

Ceramics are widely used as plasma resistant materials in semiconductor industries. However, the plasma erosion resistance has not been properly evaluated in terms of microstructural changes during the exposure to plasma. In this study, microstructure developments of $Al_2O_3$ were investigated under the fluorine plasma conditions. In polycrystalline alumina, uniform erosion throughout the specimen as well as spatially distributed local erosion were observed. Local erosion was much more severe in lower purity alumina. In contrast to the polycrystalline alumina, only uniform erosion was observed in single crystalline sapphire. These specimens, however, had practically the same erosion depth, which results in the incorrectly similar plasma resistance. This implies that the plasma erosion resistance of ceramics should be evaluated in terms of the microstructural changes, as well as the conventionally accepted erosion depth.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.611-614
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• 2007

The changes in the work $function({\Phi}_w)$ in the MgO protective layers after $plasma(Ar,\;H_2)$ treatment have been studied using ${\Upsilon}-focused$ ion beam $({\Upsilon}-FIB)$ system. The ${\Phi}_w$ was determined as follows: Ar-plasma $treatment({\Phi}_w=4.52eV)$, $H_2-plasma$ $treatment({\Phi}_w=5.65eV)$, and non-plasma $treatment({\Phi}_w=4.64eV)$. The results indicated that the H-plasma could not make any effective physical etching due to the small masses of hydrogen atoms and molecules while the hydration of H-plasma could grow some contaminating materials on the surface of MgO.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2002

Phenanthrene-induced changes in blood organic components. transaminase and ALP activities of Paralichthys oIivaceus were investigaled. The aim of this study was to obtain a holistic view of the toxic responses, and compensations of fish exposed to waterborne phenanthrene. Fish were exposed to 0, 0.5, 1, 2$\mu$M of phenanthrene for 4 weeks. The most noticeable changes were concentration-dependent increase in levels of blood GOT and GPT activities. At concentrations 1.0 and 2.0 $\mu$M of phenanthrene GOT, GPT and ALP enzyme activities in plasma were increased. Plasma albumin concentration was stable in phenanthrene-exposed fish, however, plasma total protein level was reduced significantly at the 4-week sampling points (2.0$\mu$M). Plasma glucose levels were found to be increased significantly over the cootrol throughout duration of the experiment with phenanthrene. Overall the results suggest that phenanthrene has the potential to alter some physiological functions in olive flounder.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.641-648
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• 2003

Changes of plasma DNA contents and serum biochemical values were measured in rats administered with $HgCl_2$ to investigate the in vivo cytotoxic effects of mercury and examine the usefulness of these changes as indicators of mercury exposure and diagnosis of mercury poisoning. Rats were given once intraperitonealy $HgCl_2$(0.13. 0.32. 0.8 and 2 mg/kg b.w) and the changes of plasma DNA contents and serum biochemical values were measured at the time of 2, 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the administration of $HgCl_2$. Plasma DNA contents began to increase from 2 hours after the administration of $HgCl_2$ in all the treatment groups significantly compared to control with dose-dependent pattern. The levels of plasma DNA reached to peak at 48 hours as 2.77, 7.60, 15.46 and 16.51 times higher than control in each treatment group of 0.13, 0.32, 0.8 and 2 mg/kgb.w, respectively and remained to be higher until 72 hours after the administration. The values of creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, blood urea nitrogen and glucose of serum were increased, however the values of alkaline phosphatase, total protein and triglyceride were decreased. These changes of increase and decrease showed dose-dependent pattern but the starting time, maintenance and magnitude of change were various and characteristic according to serum biochemical indices. Among the changes of serum biochemical values, those of aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and blood urea nitrogen were apparently and significantly increased compared to control from 2 to 72 hours by the administration of 2 mg/kg $HgCl_2$. This study demonstrates that plasma DNA and serum biochemical values such as aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, blood urea nitrogen and etc. are valuable as biomarkers for mercury exposure assessment and diagnosis of mercury poisoning.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.84-94
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• 1997

This study was done to examine changes of plasma homovanillic acid(HVA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA), and HVA/5-HIAA ratio during an 8-week clozapine trial and to investigate the relationship between the plasma monoamine metabolites and treatment responses. Twenty-seven chronic schizophrenic patiens were treated for 8 weeks with clozapine. The psychopathology was assessed at baseline just clozapine trial and then every 2 weeks until the end of 8-week clozapine treatment using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS) and the Clinical Global Impression scale(CGI). The plasma HVA and 5-HIAA levels were measured also biweekly using high preformance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection method. Plasma HVA and 5-HIAA levels were significantly decreased during a 8-week clozapine treatment, although plasma HVA/5-HIAA ratio showed no significant change. The changes of plasma HVA levels were in significant correlations with the changes of PANSS positive scores, of general psychophathology scores, and changes of total socres. The changes of plasma 5-HIAA levels were in signfificant correlations with the changes of PANSS negative scores. But the changes of plasma HVA/5-HIAA ratio had no significant correlation with any PANSS subscale score changes. 48% of the patients treated with clozapine was categorized as responders, who showed at least a 20% decrease in PANSS total socre and a CGI severity score of mildly ill or less(${\leq}3$) at the end pint of the study. The baseline plasma HVA levels and HVA/5-HIAA ratio were significantly higher in responders(N=13) than in nonresponders (N=14). But no significant difference in baseline levels of plasma 5-HIAA was found between responders and nonresponders. At the end point of the study, there was significant difference in the change of plasma HVA between responders(40.3% decrement) and nonresponders(3.1% increment). But no signficant differences in the change of plasma 5-HIAA and the change of plasma HVA/5-HIAA ratio between responders and nonresponders were observed. These results suggest that the antipsychotic effect of clozapine on positive symptoms may be associated with dopaminergic blocking activity, and that on negative symptoms may be associated with serotonergic blocking activity. The baseline plasma HVA levels and the change of HVA levels from baseline may be useful predictors of treatment response with clozapine.