• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.231-237
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• 1996

The antitumor components of the protoplast fusants of Lentinula edodes and Ganoderma lucidum were examined for immunological activity to elucidate the mechanism of their antitumor activity. They did not show any direct cytotoxicity against tumor cells. But being examined for immunopotentiation activity, they increased the number of colonies in the bone marrow stem cells to 3.0 times. They also increased the activities of the acid phosphatase in activated macrophages to 2.1 times and the secretion of nitric oxide in RAW 264.7 to 2.2 times, respectively. They activated the components of the alternative complement pathway. In humoral immunity. they increased the activities of the alkaline phosphatase in differentiated B cells to 1.6 times and the number of plaque forming cells to 1.8 times, respectively. In cellular immunity, they restored the depressed response of delayed type hypersensitivity in tumor bearing mice to normal level.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.533-538
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• 1997

This study was conduced to investigate on immune response of the hot water extract(PHE), 50% methanol extract(PME) and acetone extract(PAE) from Glycyrrhiza glabra. The experiment was carried out by phagocytosis, plaque forming cell(PFC), hemalysin titration(HY) and rosette forming cell(RFC) assay by using BALB/c mice. The results obtained from this study are as follow ; The effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra extracts on phagocytosis was tended to be slight increase in GME and GAE groups compared to the control group, but not significant. In the experiment of PFC and HY, the results of experiment groups which was given each samples were significantly higher than the control group. The result of rosette forming cell in GME and GAE groups were significantly higher than control group.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.465-480
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• 2009

Objective : Lonicerae Flos has detoxifying properties and been used as antipyretic, antibacterial and antitumor. Fermentation of herbal medicine is known to increase the absorption, enhance effectiveness, decrease herbal toxicity and reduce side-effects. This study was performed to measure the effects of fermented Lonicerae Flos on influenza A/WSN (H1N1) virus replication. Material and Methods : Lonicerae Flos was fermented by Lactobacillus casei PM1. Fermented Lonicerae Flos was treated for 12 hours to MDCK (Mardin Darby canine kidney) cells, then cell-virulence was observed by MTT assay for 12 hours, 24 hours, and 36 hours after treatment. Following cases were conducted for 0, 10, 100, and $1000{\mu}g/ml$ concentrations of fermented Lonicerae Flos under the same time-frame; the fermented Lonicerae Flos was treated to MDCK cells before and after contamination by A-type influenza virus. The fermented Lonicerae Flos and the virus were mixed directly. The influence was observed by MTT assay and plaque assay. Results : These findings suggest that the fermented Lonicerae Flos inhibited the virulence of influenza A virus in MDCK cells and suppressed the plaque forming colonies induced by influenza A virus. Furthermore, pretreatment with fermented Lonicerae Flos was more effective than post-treatment. The titer of influenza virus was reduced for all before and after influenza A virus inoculation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.203-212
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• 1988

To find antitumor components from the higher fungi of Korea, the mycelia of Favolus alveolarius (Fr.) Quelet were cultured in a liquid medium. The cultured mycelia were extracted with hot water twice, and a high molecular weight fraction was obtained by adding two volumes of ethanol to the extract. Two grams of Fraction A were obtained by dialyzing it. It was further separated into four fractions by gel filtration with Sepharose CL-4B, and they were designated Fractions B, C, D, and E. The results of the antitumor test showed that Fractions A, B, C, D and E had tumor inhibition ratios of 92.3, 78.5, 59.6, 77.4 and 62.2%, respectively. Anthrone test was carried out to determine the contents of total polysaccharide of the five fractions, and they had 46.3, 27.3, 65.3, 64.6, and 46.1%, respectively. The contents of the total protein of the five fractions were 29.4, 13.9, 14.3, 14.3, and 29.1%, respectively. Monosaccharide subunits of each fraction were analyzed with gas chromatography, and glucose, xylose, mannose, galactose and fucose were identified. Fraction A was examined for immunological effects. It increased the count of hemolytic plaque forming cells 12.8 times to that of the control group, and the population of macrophage in peritoneal cavity 3.2 times to that of the control group.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 1995

Several populations of lymphocytes possess receptors for autonomic neurotransmitter, which make lymphocytes susceptible to autonomic stimulation. This study was to evaluate the functional alternation of effector cells of the immune system. Female Balb/C mice, 15-20 g, were injected with MA subcutaneously under various conditions. Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) showed certain T cell subsets were affected by MA. The level of interleukin-2 (IL-2) production was inhibited due to a defect in expression of the IL-2 receptor. In mice injected with 20 mg MA/kg, 1 day before assay, phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages showed $14.07\pm3%$, which was similar degree to 5 mg MA/kg treatment for 4 consecutive days. Phagocytosis was almost recovered to that of control after 4 day in 20 mg/kg injected mice. Maximum inhibition of plaque forming cell (PFC) occurred when MA was given early, indicating the inductive time point of antibody production was affected. The cortisol level increased in the MA treated group (0.05, 0.20, and $0.08{\mu}g$/dl for control, low, and high dose-MA treated mice, respectively). Based on these results, MA has general suppression effects on the immune systems by functional alteration of effector cells. Considering the increment of serum cortisol levels, MA partially impacts the neuroendocrine system to lead to failure of immune response.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 1988

Propyl gallate used as an antioxidant was examined for its effects on murine Immune system and metbemoglobin content treated with anillne. As immunotoxicology assay parameters, we adopted circulating leukocytes and immunoorgan weights for pathtoxicology, IgM plaque forming cells and Artbus reaction for humoral immunity. Propyl gallate's effects were observed as follows; 1. Propyl gallate decreased circulating leukocyte counts, dose dependently. 2. Relative immunoorgan weigbts were not affected. 3. Propyl gallate diminisbed IgM PFCs/spleen cell and IgM PFCs/spleen. 4. Propyl gallate decreased Arthus reaction. 5. Propyl gallate did not affect metbemogiobin content treated wltb aniIIne.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.545-549
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• 1997

Effects of swainsonine (SW;8${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$-indolizidine-${\alpha}$, $2{\alpha}$8-triol from Locoweed) on the humoral immune responses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) wer studied in ICR mice. Mice were divided into 4 groups (10 mice/group), and LPS was given to each mouse 1 hr after i.p. injection with 3.7 mg/kg of swainsonine, by i.p. injection twice a week for 14 days at a dose of 2 mg/kg. Humoral immune responses were evaluated by hemagglutination (HA) titer and splenic plaque forming cells (PFC). The results of this study were summarized as follows: Mice administrated each of LPS and SW showed significant enhancement of the weight ratios of spleen to body, HA titer, 2-mercaptoethanol-resistant HA(MER-HA) titer and PFC compared with those in controls. However, the LPS plus SW treatment decreased HA titer, MER-HA titer and PFC corresponding to humoral immunity, as compared with those in the mice treated with LPS alone. These findings indicated that LPS significantly enhanced humoral immune responses, but their enhancement effects were lowered somewhat by SW.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.408-412
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• 2004

For the evaluation of immunomodulatory effect of Korean Oldenlandiae Herb (OH) and Radix (OR), our experiment was performed with methanol extracts of Korean Oldenlandiae Herba and Radix. After administration of methanol extracts of Korean OH and OR for 7 days, Balb/C mice were immunized with sheep red blood cells. Four days later, splenic leukocytes were isolated and immunological experiments were performed. Rosette forming cells and plaque forming cells were significantly increased in Korean OH and OR treated mice compared with PBS treated control. Korean OH and OR also enhanced T and B lymphocytes, macrophage and natural killer cells by flowcytometric analysis. LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-6 levels were increased by OH and OR compared with untreated control. These results suggest that Korean OH and OR have immunomodulatory activity through regulation of cell-mediated immune and humoral immune response.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.17
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• pp.201-203
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• 2001

The Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association. with the cooperation of the Japan Association of Contract Laboratories for Safety Evaluation. launched a collaborative study with 38 companies aimed at elucidating the correlation between histopathological/hematological findings and immune function. Seven substances were individually administered to Crj : CD (SD)IGS rats for 14 or 28 days. Their immunotoxicity was assessed by histopathology. hematology. plaque-forming cell assay. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serum antibody to sheep red blood cells. and flow cytometry. Appropriate procedures for immunotoxicology evaluation of pharmaceuticals were considered.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.412-426
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• 1992

Effects of beta-carotene on the immunobiological responses were studied in ICR mice. ICR male mice were divided into 8 groups (10 mice/group), and beta-carotene at doses of 4, 20 and 100 mg/kg were orally administered to ICR mice once daily for 28 consecutive days. Cyclophosphamide (CY) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) to ICR mice with a single dose of 5 mg/kg body weight at 2 days before secondary immunization. Mice were sensitized and challenged with sheep red blood cells (5-RBC). Immune responses were evaluated by humoral immunity, cellular immunity and non-specific immunity. The results of this study were summarized as follows: (1) Beta-carotene significantly increased the weight ratios of liver, spleen and thymus to body weight depending on dose, and significantly increased the increasing rate of body weight and the number of circulating leukocyte. (2) Beta-carotene dose-dependently increased hemagglutination titer, Arthus reaction and hemolytic plaque forming cell related to humoral immunity. (3) Beta-carotene significantly increased delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction and rosette forming cell related to cellular immunity. (4) Beta-carotene dose-dependently increased phagocytic activity, and significantly increased natural killer (NK) cell activity. (5) Beta-carotene dose-dependently inhibited reductions in humoral immunity, cellular immunity, NK cell activity and phagocytic activity by treatment with CY.