• 제목/요약/키워드: Plant pathogenic bacteria

검색결과 215건 처리시간 0.022초

Development of PCR-Based Molecular Marker for Detection of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris Race 6, the Causative Agent of Black Rot of Brassicas

  • Afrin, Khandker Shazia;Rahim, Md Abdur;Rubel, Mehede Hassan;Park, Jong-In;Jung, Hee-Jeong;Kim, Hoy-Taek;Nou, Ill-Sup
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제36권5호
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    • pp.418-427
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    • 2020
  • Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), the pathogen of black rot which is the most destructive disease of Brassica vegetables throughout the world. Here, we reported two novel sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers (i.e., XccR6-60 and XccR6-67) for the detection of Xcc race 6 via re-alignment of the complete genome sequences of Xcc races/strains/pathovars. The specificity of SCAR primer sets was verified by mean of PCR amplification using the genomic DNA template of Xcc races/strains/pathovars and two other plant infecting bacterial strains. The PCR result revealed that the XccR6-60 and XccR6-67 primer sets amplified 692-bp and 917-bp DNA fragments, respectively, specifically from race 6, while no visible amplification was detected in other samples. In addition, the SCAR primers were highly sensitive and can detect from a very low concentration of genomic DNA of Xcc race 6. However, the complete genome sequence of Xcc race 6 is not yet publicly available. Therefore, the cloning and sequencing of XccR6-60 and XccR6-67 fragments from race 6 provide more evidence of the specificity of these markers. These results indicated that the newly developed SCAR markers can successfully, effectively and rapidly detect Xcc race 6 from other Xcc races/strains/pathovars as well as other plant pathogenic bacteria. This is the first report for race-specific molecular markers for Xcc race 6.

Infection and Immune Response in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans Elicited by the Phytopathogen Xanthomonas

  • Bai, Yanli;Zhi, Dejuan;Li, Chanhe;Liu, Dongling;Zhang, Juan;Tian, Jing;Wang, Xin;Ren, Hui;Li, Hongyu
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제24권9호
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    • pp.1269-1279
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    • 2014
  • Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) strains are plant pathogenic bacteria that can cause serious blight of rice, and their virulence towards plant host is complex, making it difficult to be elucidated. Caenorhabditis elegans has been used as a powerful model organism to simplify the host and pathogen system. However, whether the C. elegans is feasible for studying plant pathogens such as Xoo has not been explored. In the present work, we report that Xoo strains PXO99 and JXOIII reduce the lifespan of worms not through acute toxicity, but in an infectious manner; pathogens proliferate and persist in the intestinal lumen to cause marked anterior intestine distension. In addition, Xoo triggers (i) the p38 MAPK signal pathway to upregulate its downstream C17H12.8 expression, and (ii) the DAF-2/DAF-16 pathway to upregulate its downstream gene expressions of mtl-1 and sod-3 under the condition of daf-2 mutation. Our findings suggest that C. elegans can be used as a model to evaluate the virulence of Xoo phytopathogens to host.

Isolation and Characterization of Oligotrophic Bacteria Possessing Induced Systemic Disease Resistance against Plant Pathogens

  • Han, Song-Hee;Kang, Beom-Ryong;Lee, Jang-Hoon;Kim, Hyun-Jung;Park, Ju-Yeon;Kim, Jeong-Jun;Kim, Young-Cheol
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.68-74
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    • 2012
  • Biocontrol microbes have mainly been screened among large collections of microorganisms $via.$ nutrient-rich $in$ $vitro$ assays to identify novel and effective isolates. However, thus far, isolates from only a few genera, mainly spore-forming bacilli, have been commercially developed. In order to isolate field-effective biocontrol microbes, we screened for more than 200 oligotrophic bacterial strains, isolated from rhizospheres of various soil samples in Korea, which induced systemic resistance against the soft-rot disease caused by $Pectobacterium$ $carotovorum$ SCC1; we subsequently conducted in $planta$ bioassay screening. Two oligotrophic bacterial strains were selected for induced systemic disease resistance against the $Tobacco$ $Mosaic$ $Virus$ and the gray mold disease caused by $Botrytis$ $cinerea$. The oligotrophic bacterial strains were identified as $Pseudomonas$ $manteilii$ B001 and $Bacillus$ $cereus$ C003 by biochemical analysis and the phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence. These bacterial strains did not exhibit any antifungal activities against plant pathogenic fungi but evidenced several other beneficial biocontrol traits, including phosphate solubilization and gelatin utilization. Collectively, our results indicate that the isolated oligotrophic bacterial strains possessing induced systemic disease resistance could provide useful tools as effective biopesticides and might be successfully used as cost-effective and preventive biocontrol agents in the field.

Comparative Genome Analysis of Rathayibacter tritici NCPPB 1953 with Rathayibacter toxicus Strains Can Facilitate Studies on Mechanisms of Nematode Association and Host Infection

  • Park, Jungwook;Lee, Pyeong An;Lee, Hyun-Hee;Choi, Kihyuck;Lee, Seon-Woo;Seo, Young-Su
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제33권4호
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    • pp.370-381
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    • 2017
  • Rathayibacter tritici, which is a Gram positive, plant pathogenic, non-motile, and rod-shaped bacterium, causes spike blight in wheat and barley. For successful pathogenesis, R. tritici is associated with Anguina tritici, a nematode, which produces seed galls (ear cockles) in certain plant varieties and facilitates spread of infection. Despite significant efforts, little research is available on the mechanism of disease or bacteria-nematode association of this bacterium due to lack of genomic information. Here, we report the first complete genome sequence of R. tritici NCPPB 1953 with diverse features of this strain. The whole genome consists of one circular chromosome of 3,354,681 bp with a GC content of 69.48%. A total of 2,979 genes were predicted, comprising 2,866 protein coding genes and 49 RNA genes. The comparative genomic analyses between R. tritici NCPPB 1953 and R. toxicus strains identified 1,052 specific genes in R. tritici NCPPB 1953. Using the BlastKOALA database, we revealed that the flexible genome of R. tritici NCPPB 1953 is highly enriched in 'Environmental Information Processing' system and metabolic processes for diverse substrates. Furthermore, many specific genes of R. tritici NCPPB 1953 are distributed in substrate-binding proteins for extracellular signals including saccharides, lipids, phosphates, amino acids and metallic cations. These data provides clues on rapid and stable colonization of R. tritici for disease mechanism and nematode association.

고추와 토마토 종자에서 종자전염 세균 및 바이러스의 동시 검출을 위한 One-step Multiplex RT-PCR 방법 (One-step Multiplex RT-PCR Method for Simultaneous Detection of Seed Transmissible Bacteria and Viruses in Pepper and Tomato Seeds)

  • 정규식;소은희
    • 식물병연구
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.44-51
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    • 2011
  • 우리나라에서 주로 재배되는 가지과작물의 종자 전염 병원균 중에서 세균성 병원균 Xanthomonns campestris pv. vesicatoria(Xcv), Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (Ecc)와 바이러스 병원균 Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) and Tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV)를 종자로부터 동시검출하기 위한 One-step Multiplex RT-PCR을 개발하였다. 각각의 병원균을 특이적으로 증폭시키는 병원균 검출용 프라이머 15세트를 primer-blast 프로그램을 이용하여 제작하였고 각각의 병원균을 특이적으로 검출할 수 있는 5세트의 프라이머 세트(Cmm-F/R, Ecc-F/R, Xcv-F/R, PMMoV-F/R, TMGMVF/R)를 선발하였다. 이들 프라이머 세트는 프라이머간의 또는 병원균 cDNA간의 간섭없이 타겟 병원균만을 검출하였다. 가지과 작물 중에서 유통 중인 고추종자 20품종과 토마토종자 10품종에 대한 종자 감염 병원균 검출을 위한 PCR을 수행한 결과, 2개 품종의 토마토종자에서 Ecc가 검출되었고 4개 품종의 고추종자에서도 Ecc가 검출되었다. 특히 고추 종자에선 Ecc가 검출된 4개 품종 외에 1개 품종에서 PMMoV, TMGMV가 동시 검출되었다. 이로 인해 개발된 One-step multiplex RT-PCR은 서로 간섭 현상 없이 병원균을 효율적으로 검출할 수 있음을 보여 주었다.

가열 햄 및 소시지류 제조공장에서 식중독 세균에 대한 오염 분석 (Analysis of Foodborne Pathogenic Contamination of Cooked Hams and Sausages in Korean Processing Facilities)

  • 박현정;고은경;위성환;윤하정;허은정;김영조;이희수;문진산
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제32권1호
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    • pp.103-111
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    • 2012
  • 현재 국내 일부 햄과 소시지류 제조공장에서 식중독 세균에 대한 제어방안으로서 1차 가열살균 이후 제품포장 단계에서 2차 가열살균을 추가적으로 실시하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 2010년 2월부터 11월까지 국내 10개 육가공제조회사에서 햄류 53개 품목과 소시지류 37개 품목의 동일 롯트에서 1차 가열 시료와 2차 가열까지 실시한 시료를 각각 6개씩 채취하여 축산물의 가공기준 및 성분규격에 따라 Salmonella spp., S. aureus, L. monocytogenes 및 C. perfringens 식중독 세균 오염 여부를 조사하였다. 햄과 소시지류 총 1,080건에 대한 검사 결과 S. aureus는 2개 제조회사에서 생산한 햄 4개 시료에서 검출되었으며, 그 중 3건은 1차 가열제품에서 나머지 1건은 2차 가열살균까지 처리한 제품에서 검출되었다. L. monocytogenes는 5개 제조회사에서 햄류 4건, 소시지류 8건을 포함하여 총 12건이 검출되었으며, 그 중 7건은 1차 가열 처리한 제품에서, 나머지 5건은 2차 가열까지 처리한 제품에서 각각 검출되었다. C. perfringens는 3개 제조회사의 햄류 1건과 소시지류 2건에서 검출되었으며, 1차 가열만 한 제품에서 1건, 2차 가열까지 한 제품에서 2건이 각각 검출되었다. 이에 반하여 Salmonella spp.는 한 건도 검출되지 않았다. 1차 가열살균 제품과 1차와 2차 가열살균 과정을 모두 처리했을 때를 비교하면 3가지 식중독 세균의 검출률에 있어서 차이가 없는 것으로 분석되었다(p<0.05). 또한, 제조 회사의 햄과 소시지류에서 분리한 L. monocytogenes 균주를 대상으로 유전적 다양성을 조사하기 위하여 PFGE를 실시한 바, 동일 가공장에서 분리된 균주들간 80% 이상의 높은 상동성을 가진 것으로 조사되었다. 이러한 결과에 비추어 볼 때 햄 및 소시지류 제조회사에서 식중독 세균의 제어를 위해서는 원료 및 제조단계에서부터 가공 과정에서의 교차 오염을 예방하기 위한 적절한 위생관리와 철저한 모니터링을 통하여 체계적인 식중독 세균에 대한 위생관리를 완성하여야 할 것으로 판단된다.

탄닌산을 함유한 친환경농자재(공시번호 2-4-064)의 식물병원세균 기내 억제효과 (In Vitro Screening of Tannic Acid-based Eco-friendly Farming Material (notice no. 2-4-064) against Plant Pathogenic Bacteria)

  • 한규석;주호종;홍진성;정종상;박덕환
    • 한국유기농업학회지
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.945-955
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    • 2016
  • 지금까지 주요 식물병원세균에 대한 방제대책은 화학적 방제방법에 의존하여왔다. 그러나 항생제와 같은 화학적 방제방법은 저항성 균주의 출현으로 인해 효율성이 감소함에 따라 대체방법의 개발이 요구되어지고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 주요 7종(그램음성 - 무름병, 감귤 궤양병, 풋마름병, 가지검은마름병 및 과실썩음병; 그램 양성 - 토마토 궤양병 및 더뎅이병)의 식물병원세균에 대한 탄닌산 함유 친환경농자재(공시번호 2-4-064)의 억제효과를 고체배지 확산법과 액체배지 배양법으로 검정하였다. 고체배지 확산법에서는 가지검은마름병원세균을 제외한 6종의 병원세균에 대한 억제효과를 나타내었으며, 액체배지 검정에서는 액체배지법으로 실험가능한 6종의 병원세균의 생장을 억제하였다. 전자현미경을 통한 표면변화를 관찰한 결과, 모든 병원세균의 표면구조의 변화를 발생하여 생장저해 또는 세포사멸을 유도하는 현상이 관찰되었다.

Molecular cloning of peroxidase cDNAs from dehydration-treated fibrous roots of sweetpotato and their differential expression in response to stress

  • Kim, Yun-Hee;Yang, Kyoung-Sil;Kim, Cha-Young;Ryu, Sun-Hwa;Song, Wan-Keun;Kwon, Suk-Yoon;Lee, Haeng-Soon;Bang, Jae-Wook;Kwak, Sang-Soo
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제41권3호
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    • pp.259-265
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    • 2008
  • Three peroxidase (POD) cDNAs were isolated from dehydration-treated fibrous roots of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) plant via the screening of a cDNA library, and their expressions were assessed to characterize functions of each POD in relation to environmental stress. Three PODs were divided into two groups, designated the basic PODs (swpb4, swpb5) and the anionic PODs (swpa7), on the basis of the pI values of mature proteins. Fluorescence microscope analysis indicated that three PODs are secreted into the extracellular space. RT-PCR analysis revealed that POD genes have diverse expression patterns in a variety of plant tissues. Swpb4 was abundantly expressed in stem tissues, whereas the expression levels of swpb5 and swpa7 transcripts were high in fibrous and thick pigmented roots. Swpb4 and swpa7 showed abundant expression levels in suspension cultured cells. Three POD genes responded differently in the leaf and fibrous roots in response to a variety of stresses including dehydration, temperature stress, stress-associated chemicals, and pathogenic bacteria.

전자선 조사의 채소 종자 및 식물병원성 미생물에 대한 영향 (Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on Selected Vegetable Seeds and Plant-Pathogenic Microorganisms)

  • 배영민
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제23권12호
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    • pp.1415-1419
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    • 2013
  • 본 연구에서는 식물병원성 미생물들인 잿빛곰팡이와 Agrobacterium rhizogenes의 전자선에 대한 감수성을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 2 kGy의 전자선량이 잿빛곰팡이의 분생포자 및 Agrobacterium rhizgenes의 세포를 사멸시키는 데에 충분한 것으로 나타났다. 식물 종자의 전자선에 대한 저항성을 조사해 본 결과, 대파, 열무와 오이 종자는 2 kGy의 전자선 조사에서도 발아율이 전혀 영향을 받지 않았고, 쑥갓 종자의 경우에는 발아율에 있어서 근소한 감소를 보였다. 그러나 고추와 상추의 경우에는 전자선 조사에 대해서 대단히 약한 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 열무, 오이, 대파 및 쑥갓 종자의 경우에는 식물병원성 미생물의 살균에 필요한 2 kGy의 전자선량을 조사함으로써 발아율에 큰 영향을 미치지 않고 충분한 살균효과를 거둘 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 고추와 상추의 경우에는 전자선을 이용한 살균 방법은 사용하기 어려운 것으로 나타났다.

Stress Tolerance and Virulence-Related Roles of Lipopolysaccharide in Burkholderia glumae

  • Lee, Chaeyeong;Mannaa, Mohamed;Kim, Namgyu;Kim, Juyun;Choi, Yeounju;Kim, Soo Hyun;Jung, Boknam;Lee, Hyun-Hee;Lee, Jungkwan;Seo, Young-Su
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제35권5호
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    • pp.445-458
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    • 2019
  • The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) composed of lipid A, core, and O-antigen is the fundamental constituent of the outer membrane in gram-negative bacteria. This study was conducted to investigate the roles of LPS in Burkholderia glumae, the phytopathogen causing bacterial panicle blight and seedling rot in rice. To study the roles of the core oligosaccharide (OS) and the O-antigen region, mutant strains targeting the waaC and the wbiFGHI genes were generated. The LPS profile was greatly affected by disruption of the waaC gene and slight reductions were observed in the O-antigen region following wbiFGHI deletions. The results indicated that disruption in the core OS biosynthesis-related gene, waaC, was associated with increased sensitivity to environmental stress conditions including acidic, osmotic, saline, and detergent stress, and to polymyxin B. Moreover, significant impairment in the swimming and swarming motility and attenuation of bacterial virulence to rice were also observed in the waaC-defective mutant. The motility and virulence of O-antigen mutants defective in any gene of the wbiFGHI operon, were not significantly different from the wild-type except in slight decrease in swimming and swarming motility with wbiH deletion. Altogether, the results of present study indicated that the LPS, particularly the core OS region, is required for tolerance to environmental stress and full virulence in B. glumae. To our knowledge, this is the first functional study of LPS in a plant pathogenic Burkholderia sp. and presents a step forward toward full understanding of B. glumae pathogenesis.