• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2014

Microorganisms have many roles in nature. They may act as decomposers that obtain nutrients from dead materials, while some are pathogens that cause diseases in animals, insects, and plants. Some are symbionts that enhance plant growth, such as arbuscular mycorrhizae and nitrogen fixation bacteria. However, roles of plant pathogens and diseases in natural ecosystems are still poorly understood. Thus, the current study addressed this deficiency by investigating possible roles of plant diseases in natural ecosystems, particularly, their positive effects on arthropod diversity. In this study, the model system was the oak tree (Quercus spp.) and the canker disease caused by Annulohypoxylon truncatum, and its effects on arthropod diversity. The oak tree site contained 44 oak trees; 31 had canker disease symptoms while 13 were disease-free. A total of 370 individual arthropods were detected at the site during the survey period. The arthropods belonged to 25 species, 17 families, and seven orders. Interestingly, the cankered trees had significantly higher biodiversity and richness compared with the canker-free trees. This study clearly demonstrated that arthropod diversity was supported by the oak tree canker disease.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.268-274
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• 2010

The aim of our study was to investigate the interactive effects of container size and nutrient supply on plant growth, chlorophyll synthesis, transpiration, $CO_2$ assimilation, water use efficiency (WUE), and nutrient uptake of vinca plant (Catharanthus roseus). A complete experiment utilizing four concentrations of fertilizer and three volumes of containers was conducted. As the container size was increased, the plant height, leaf area, and dry weight of vinca significantly increased regardless of fertilizer level. The leaf area and dry weight of vinca were highly sensitive to the container size. However, the chlorophyll contents of vinca 20 days after the transplant significantly increased with decreasing container sizes and increasing fertilizer concentrations. Significant differences in transpiration and $CO_2$ assimilation occurred with the use of differentfertilizer solutions, but the highest values for transpiration and $CO_2$ assimilation were in plants grown in the 15 cm-diameter containers. The highest water use efficiency was observed in the plants grown in 10 cm-containers with 4 dS/m of fertilizer, and there were no significant differences in WUE values among container sizes with fertilizer concentrations of 0, 1, or 2 dS/m. No significant difference in nutrient uptake was observed among the fertilizer levels or among the container sizes. However, at a fertilizer concentration of 4 dS/m, the uptake of several nutrients, including N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B and Fe, was higher in small containers than in larger ones.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.762-769
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• 2022

Growth characters and ingredient contents of two-year-old bellflower (Platycodon grandiflorum) roots were investigated under both control and soil moisture treatment condition using soil moisture control system including soil sensing and automatic water supply chain in this study. Root diameter, fine root number, root length, fresh weight and dry weight of the plant were significantly influenced by the automatic water treatment, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%, respectively. Ingredient contents of the two-year-old roots in bellflower plants were detected in the 20% and 50% of controlled soil moisture content. Contents of amino acids were decreased by the soil moisture treatment, meanwhile, contents of minerals were not showed significant decrease except for phosphorus content. Showing no difference in proline and tyrosine, fourteen of the amino acid contents were gradually decreased by the increased soil moisture contents, with significant decrease in serine, glycine, alanine, leucine, lysine and histidine at 20% treatment.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권7호
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• pp.2650-2655
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• 2023

In the process of growth and development, plants not only absorb essential nutritional elements, but also absorb radioactive and non-essential elements from the environment, and their distribution varies in different parts of the plant. In this study, neutron activation analysis and gamma spectrometry were performed on stems, roots, and leaves of vegetables. The results indicate that the accumulation of radionuclides and multi-elements depends on the plant type and plant parts. Activity concentrations of ²²⁶Ra and ²³²Th in plants were accumulated in the following order: Roots > Stems > Leaves. The highest concentrations of ⁴⁰K and ²¹⁰Pb were observed in the stems and leaves of plants, respectively. Essential nutrient requirements of plants are in the following order: K > Ca > Mg > Fe > Zn > Mn. Among the nonessential metals, the concentration of Na in the vegetable sample was much greater than those of the other elements. The K/Na ratio in the plant depends on the type of plant and the translocation within the plant.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.132-142
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• 2004

Nutritional factors affecting bone mineral density (BMD) in the different age groups of Korean men were investigated to obtain baseline data for maintaining bone health. Information on diet and anthropometry was collected in 80 elementary school children, 83 high school students, 87 adults aged 25 to 35 years and 98 elderly people over 60 years of age. Data for food and nutrient intake were obtained by 24-hour recall method. BMDs of lumbar spine (L$_2$- L$_4$) and femoral neck were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. The relationship between BMD and nutritional factors were analyzed. In the femoral neck, 5.7% of adults was classified as osteopenia and 47.9% and 37.8% of the elderly were classified as osteopenia and osteoporosis. It was shown that plant protein, Ca, p, Fe, thiamin, riboflavin and vitamin C intakes were related with BMD in all age groups. As for the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) of nutrients, the lowest quartile group of BMD showed significantly lower MAR among children. The RDA percent of nutrients was a strong influential factor on BMD. Subjects who consumed below 75% of Korean RDA in energy, vitamin A, thiamin, and vitamin C showed lower BMD. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that MAR in children, vegetable Ca in adolescents, and vitamin C in adults and elderly people were the highest influential factor on BMD. Therefore, the above results demonstrated that not only calcium but also other nutrients such as protein, iron, vitamin A, riboflavin, and vitamin C were necessary in order to keep the healthy bone status. In addition, although there were various dietary factors that influenced bone density, MAR was identified as the major factor that affected bone density. Thus, a balanced diet that includes all nutrients is necessary for a healthy bone density. (Korean J Nutrition 37(2) : 132-142, 2004)

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.157-161
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• 2000

Mass loss and changes of mineral nutrients during decomposition of Phragmites communis for 13 months from November 1998 to December 1999, were investigated at the fringe of stream at Boryeong, Chungnam Province in Korea. Plant materials, which were collected in November 1998. were divided into leaves, culms and rhizomes. Litterbags, 15${\times}$15 cm, were made of nylon mesh with 2-mm$^2$ holes. At 13 months after installation, remaining mass of leaves, culms and rhizomes was 29.0%, 57.4%, 20.6%, respectively. Mass loss rate of the culms was significantly lower than those of the leaves and rhizomes. The decay rate of leaves, culms and rhizomes was 1.21. 0.42 and 1.48 per year, respectively. Initial concentration of N, P, K, Ca and Mg of leaves. culms and rhizomes was 22.5, 9.0, 15.5 mg/g for N, 0.34. 0.10, 0.33 mg/g for P, 15.0, 12.5. 12.3 mg/g for K, 2.84. 0.80, 0.03 mg/g for Ca. 1.94. 0.97, 0.40 mg/g for Mg, respectively. Concentrations of nutrients were higher in leaves than in culms and rhizomes. Except for N and Mg in rhizomes, there was no immobilization period during the decomposition. In the case of remaining K and Ca, most are lost during the first 3 months. Without any suitable method for removal of dead part, eutrophication of freshwater may be accelerated by dead macrophytes.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2008

본 연구는 과학적인 잔디관리의 기초자료를 얻고자 월동 전 잔디의 양분함량을 분석하였다. 월동 전 크리핑 벤트그래스, 켄터키 블루 그래스 및 한국잔디의 단위면적당 건물 중은 지상부 비율은 각각 12%, 27%, 25% 이고, 지하부 비율은 각각 88%, 73%, 75% 이었다. 잔디 조직 중 함유된 다량원소의 순서는 N > K > Ca > P > Mg > Na 이며, 질소, 칼륨, 칼슘, 인의 함량이 90%를 차지하였다. 잔디 식물체의 조직 부위별 함유된 양분 비율은 켄터키 블루그래스, 벤트그래스 및 한국잔디의 지상부에는 각각 28%, 17%, 34%, 지하부에는 각각 72%, 83%, 66%를 함유하고 있었다. 이러한 결과들을 통해 월동 전 잔디는 조직중 전체 함유 양분의 70% 정도를 지하부에 저장하고 있음을 알 수 있었고, 월동 준비 전 크리핑 벤트그래스, 켄터키 블루그래스 및 한국잔디를 관리함에 있어 질소, 인산, 가리 뿐 아니라 칼슘비료의 시비도 필요함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2009

Chemical properties of soil in the proposed horticultural complexes of Saemangeun reclaimed tideland were studied for sustainable development of the newly reclaimed land resources. The soil texture of Gwanghwal, Gyehwa, Mangyeong and Okgu complex area were sandy loam. The pH and ESP (exchangeable sodium percentage) were 7.42 to 7.82 and 61.05 to 73.62 %, respectively. Compared to general agricultural land in Korea, the soil organic matter and other plant nutrients were low. The concentrations of heavy metals in the soil were found to be acceptable except several sites where they doesn't meet the warning standard of agricultural land contamination. Continuous monitoring and interception of external pollutants are suggested for water-soil-plant system conservation.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.20-24
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• 1970

In the moor of Mt. Dae-am, the following communities are seen in successive order ranging from the north to the south; the Sanguisorba Argutipens-Carex jaluensis community, the Carex jaluensis-Sanguisorba Argutipens-Sphagnum community, the Sphagnum cymbifolium-Carex jaluensis community, the Carex jaluensis-Sanguisorba Argutipens community and the Calamgrostis Langsdorfii-Ottelia alismoides community. The properties of the peats vary according to the community type, that is, nutrients such as organic matter, total nitrogen, exchangeable K and Mg in the soil tend to decrease as the plant communities shift from the north to the south. The pH range for eleven stations samples was 3.9 to 5.7, and the meadian is 4.6. The content of exchangeable Ca decreases from station to station successively towards the center which is poor in calcium. Presumably there appears to be a clear correlation of Sphagnum cymbifolium with the amount of exchangeable Ca and value of pH produced in bogs by the breakdown or organic residures. The nutrient content of the representative plants of the moor shows no definite relation with the station of their habitats.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.781-786
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• 2013

본 연구는 시중에서 유통중인 유가공품 중 칼슘과 프락토올리고당 영양소 강조 또는 함유 표시 제품에 대해 실제 함량을 분석하였다. 칼슘 강화 유제품에 대하여는 우유류, 발효유류, 치즈류 등 40개 제품을 수집하여 칼슘 함량을 조사하였다. 그 결과 우유류 12제품의 1회 제공량당 칼슘 함량 표시는 105~500 mg (1.1~2.5 mg/mL)이었으며, 분석값은 1.0~2.4 mg/mL로 표시값에 대한 분석값은 87~127%이었다. 발효유류 12제품의 1회 제공량당 칼슘 함량 표시는 30~110 mg (0.4~1.4 mg/g)이었으며, 분석값은 0.3~1.6 mg/g로 표시값에 대한 분석값은 89~131%이었다. 치즈류 16제품의 1회 제공량당 칼슘 함량 표시는 84~2000 mg (3.5~20 mg/g)이었으며, 분석값은 4.2~23.0 mg/g으로 표시값에 대한 분석값은 83~127%이었다. 분석대상 시료의 칼슘함량 표시 대비 실제 분석값은 모두 80% 이상으로 축산물의 표시기준을 충족하였다. 프락토올리고당 강화 유제품에 대하여는 시중 유통 24개 제품에 대하여 그 함량을 조사한 결과 발효유 4.2~30.8 mg/g, 농후발효유 8.7~10.6 mg/g, 유음료 18.5 mg/mL, 연성가공치즈 1.3 mg/g으로 나타났다. 축산물의 표시기준에서 프락토올리고당에 대해서는 표시내용과 실제 함량 사이의 인정범위를 규정하고 있지는 않으나, 이들 24개 제품 중 실제 4개 제품에서는 명확한 함량이 표시되었으며, 분석값은 9.1~18.9 mg/g으로 표시량 대비 83~154%의 결과를 나타내었다.