• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.281-287
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• 2012

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of various type of Magma seawater (MSW) concentrations on plant growth and useful mineral contents in Bletilla striata. In the RO (Reverse Osmosis) and ED (Electronic Distal) treatment, hardness of medium was poored in 3.0 g/L gelrite but increased in 8.0 g/L plant agar, 38,000 and $2,000g/cm^2$ respectably. We analyzed the morphological and physiological characteristics differences of B. striata treated various MSW. Survival frequency of plant and growth (shoot length, shoot diameter, root length, root diameter, shoot/root ratio) were significantly increased in RO and ED treatment at 50% and 10%, especially. Chlorophyll contents in ED treatments were higher than those in control and RO treatment. The content of strontium (Sr) in 20, 50, 75, 100% ED treatment, were higher than those in the control and RO, ED 1, 5, 10% treatment. These results showed that treatment of ED with the range of 20~100% could be used to supply the strontium enriched orchid plant. It is considered that MSW may be applied for use in Magma seawater to promotion of growth and produced functional plant.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.471-477
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• 2010

Although the roles of calcium in plant are widely known, little is known about on an antagonistic effect of macro elements, oxalate biosynthesis and main shape of crystal in cucumber plant organs. Seeds of cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. Ijoeunbackdadagi) were germinated in perlite tray supplied with distilled-deionized water. Seedlings were transplanted into aerated containers with a half strength of Ross nutrient solution. Ca levels treated in media were as follows; No-Ca, $Ca(NO_3)_2$ 0.25, 1.25 and 2.5 mmol $L^{-1}$, and $Ca(NO_3)_2$ 2.5 mmol $L^{-1}$ + $CaCl_210$, 25 and 50 mmol $L^{-1}$. Ca-deficient and -excessive conditions severely reduced cucumber growth, as compared to the control, and adversely affected an accumulation of macro elements (N, P, K, and Mg). Calcium favorably induced oxalate (acid-soluble) synthesis in leaves and roots of cucumber plant, but not in stem. Acid-soluble oxalate contents in leaves proportionally increased with Ca supply levels (0.91, P<0.001), however, this pattern was not observed in stem and roots. Ca-oxalate crystal formation and compositional analysis were examined using SEM-EDS technique in cucumber leaves. The main type of crystal revealed a prismatic crystal and main components were Ca, Na and Cl.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.329-338
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to investigate the contents and seasonal variation of arsenic in soils and crop plant(rice) in paddy fields around the abandoned metal mines in Korea. The soils were extracted by various methods including aqua regia, 1 M $MgCl_2$, 0.01 M $CaCl_2$ and 0.05 M EDTA to evaluate the relationships between soils and crop plants(rice). According to correlation analysis, statistically significant correlation with the four methods(p<0.01) were found in soils extracted by various chemical solutions and arsenic contents in soils were decreased in the order of 1M $MgCl_2$ > 0.01M $CaCl_2$ > 0.05 M EDTA. Biological accumulation coefficients(BACs) of rice stalks were higher than those of rice grain, and the coefficients under reducing(August) environment were higher than those under oxidizing conditions(October). Assuming the rice consumption of 315 g/day by farm households in Korea, the amount of daily intake of arsenic were estimated to be 77.8 ${\mu}g/day$. The daily intake of arsenic from the rice estimates up to 65% of ADI(acceptable daily intake) that the FAO/WHO Joint Food Additive and Contaminants Committee has set to evaluate their safeties.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 1996

Cucumbers(Cucumis sativus L. CV. SHARP 1) were cultivated by bag culture for 5 months to investigate the effect of substrates on growth, yield, and mineral contents. The substrates used in the experiment were vermiculite + perlite +peatmoss(1:1:1=V:V:V), perlite+peatmoss(1:1=V:V), perlite+carbonized chaff(7:3=V:V), rockwool, sawdust, and chaff+chaff powder under 10 mesh (7:3=V:V). The rate of moisture content was highest at chaff powder under 10 mesh as 42.5% and was lowest at perlite+carbonized chaff as 31%. Plant height, No. of leaves, fresh and dry weight were increased in vermiculite+perlite+peatmoss(1:1:1=V:V:V). Marketable fruits and yield also showed same aspect with growth. All kinds of mineral contents except K in cucumber plants were higher at vermiculite+perlite+peatmoss(1:1:1=V:V:V), but K content was higher at perlite+ carbonized chaff(7:3=V:V) than those other substrates.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.392-397
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• 2012

In this study, we investigated the changes of growth characteristics, mineral and chlorophyll content of young leafy vegetable of Chinese toon grown under greenhouse and open fields. Results showed that growth of young leafy vegetable of Chinese toon was somewhat accelerated in greenhouse compared to the open field. In case of apical bud growth, several parameters such as plant height, number of branch, fresh weight and chlorophyll content showed similar tendency in both greenhouse and open field. In the changes of minerals, N content in apical buds recorded significant increase to 3.1 times compared to that of later buds. Its content was 1.2 times higher in greenhouse than that of open field. Mineral contents including P, Ca, Mg and Fe were significantly increased in greenhouse. Highest ascorbic acid content was observed in lateral buds grown in greenhouse and then it was followed such as lateral bud in open field, apical bud in open field, and apical bud in greenhouse, in turn. These results indicate that greenhouse culture could be applicable to new culture in order to produce young leafy vegetable of Chinese toon with high quality.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.382-390
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• 2015

Momordica charantia L. is a valuable food and medicinal plant of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae) that is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Physicochemical properties of M. charantia based on cultivars, parts and growing stage were investigated. Crude protein contents of leaf were 27.5%, 26.9%, and 23.6% in native leaf (NL), cv. Erabu leaf (EL), and cv. Dragon leaf (DL), respectively. In particular, the crude protein content was the highest in leaves. The crude fat content was in the order of developmental stage 1 of cv. Erabu fruit (EF1) and developmental stage 1 of native fruit (NF1) with values of 4.0%, and 3.9%, respectively. There was also high amount of crude fiber in stem of all three cultivars. The crude ash content was in the order of cv. Erabu leaf, cv. Dragon leaf, and developmental stage 3 of native fruit (NF3) with values of 23.2%, 17.4%, and 13.6%, respectively. The major minerals found in M. charantia were K, Ca, and Mg. The potassium contents of developmental stage 3 of native fruit (NF3), developmental stage 3 of cv. Dragon fruit (DF3), cv. Dragon stem (DS), and developmental stage 2 of native fruit (NF2) were 498.37, 339.21, 314.30, and 307.34 ㎎ /100g, respectively, while the calcium contents were decreased of EL, DL, and NL with values of 513.45, 371.69, and 209.43 ㎎/100g, respectively. The calcium content was higher in leaves and stems than fruits. On the otherhand, the highest magnesium content was measured in EL (69.92 ㎎/100g). The highest contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll were found in NL (442.9 ㎎/100g dw), EL (759.6 ㎎/100g dw), and EL (1164.9 ㎎/100g dw), respectively. The vitamin C contents from developmental stage 2 of cv. Erabu fruit (EF2), NF3, developmental stage 3 of cv. Erabu on fruit (EF3), and NF2 were found with values of 2849.9, 2330.5, 1985.1, and 1844.5 ㎎/㎏, respectively, and found to be higher in Korean cultivar and Erabu fruit than in Dragon. The charantin contents of leaf were higher than the fruit found to be 547.71, 506.04 and 395.62 ㎍/g dw in DL, EL and EF2, respectively. According to the results, mineral contents, total chlorophyll and charantin contents of M. charantia were higher in the leaves (EL and DL) than the fruits. And, vitamin C content was the highest in the fruit (EF2 and EF3). Therefore, much more research needs to be undertaken to use of the leaves as well as fruits. The data showed that M. charantia can be considered a good source of nutrient for application in food system.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.122-131
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• 2023

This study was aimed to determine the effects of grow media on the mineral contents of the leaves and growth characteristics of strawberry grown under aquaponics system in a plant factory. For aquaculture, 12 fish (Cyprinus carpio) (total weight, 2.0 kg) were raised in an aquaponics tank (W 0.7 m × L 1.5 m × H 0.45 m, 472.5 L) filled with 367.5 L of water at a density of 5.44 kg·m^-3 and total 34 of strawberry seedlings were transplanted in the pots filed with 200 g of orchid stone, hydroball or polyurethane sponge in the growing bed (W 0.7 m × L 1.5 m × H 0.22 m) laid out with holly acrylic sheet (140×60 mm, Ø80) on the top of the system. The pH and EC of the aquaponic solution was ranged from 7.6 to 4.9 and 0.24-0.91 dS·m^-1, respectively. The concentration of NO_3-N was about 28% lower than that of the hydroponic standard solution, and K, Fe and B were 10, 27 and 3.8 times lower, respectively; however, the mineral contents of strawberry leaves were in the appropriate ranges with lower contents in the leaves grown with sponge media. The organic content (OM), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) of the sludge were 61.5, 5.72, 8.92, and 0.24%, respectively. The leaf area, leaf number, and dry and fresh weights of shoot at 81 DAT were significantly higher in the hydroball, and the average number of fruits per plant was significantly higher in both the orchid stone and hydroball. There was no significant difference in the fresh and dry weights of fruits. Integrated all the results suggest that the orchid stone and hydroball media are more effective to utilize nutrients in solid particles of aquaponic solution, compared to the polyurethane sponge.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1842-1852
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• 2023

Objective: Hairy vetch is considered to improve the nutritional value of corn because of its high protein and mineral levels. To better understand the mechanism underlying hairy vetch regulated whole-plant corn silage fermentation, this experiment investigated the fermentation quality and bacterial community of whole-plant corn and hairy vetch mixture. Methods: Whole-plant corn and hairy vetch were mixed at ratios of 10:0 (Mix 10:0), 8:2 (Mix 8:2), 6:4 (Mix 6:4), 4:6 (Mix 4:6), 2:8 (Mix 2:8), and 0:10 (Mix 0:10) on a fresh weight basis. After ensiling 60 days, samples were collected to examine the fermentation dynamics, ensiling characteristics, and bacterial communities. Results: Mix 0:10, Mix 2:8, and Mix 4:6 showed poor fermentation characteristics. Mix 8:2 and Mix 6:4 silages showed high quality, based on the low pH, acetic acid, and ammonia nitrogen levels and the high lactic acid, crude protein, and crude fat contents. The bacterial diversity was affected by the mixing ratio of the two forage species. The genus Lactobacillus dominated the bacterial community in Mix 10:0 silage, whereas with the addition of hairy vetch, the relative abundance of unclassified-Enterobacter increased from 7.67% to 41.84%, and the abundance of Lactobacillus decreased from 50.66% to 13.76%. Conclusion: The silage quality of whole-plant corn can be improved with inclusion levels of hairy vetch from 20% to 40%.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.210-216
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• 1995

Alternaria spp.were predominantly isolated from the abnormal leaf spot lesions of pear cultivars Niitaka and Nijiiseiki. Alternaria isolates from the cultivar Niitaka were not pathogenic to both cultivars, but the isolates from the cultivar Nijiiseiki developed typical lesions of black leaf spots and were identified as A. kikuchiana. However, no typical abnormal leaf spot lesions were produced by the Alternaria isolates. Foliar spray of twelve different agrochemicals including lime sulfur, either alone or in combinations, with 7 times applications from April to July failed to reduced the disease development. Application of 17 different pesticides including fungicides, insecticides and herbicides currently used in pear orchards did not cause leaf injury similar to the abnormal leaf spot. Simulated acid rain of as low as pH 3.0 did not incite any leaf lesions alike the abnormal spot lesions. Mineral contents in the leaves of both cultivars did not differ significantly between the healthy leaves and those with abnormal leaf spots. When cuttings of pear tree were obtained in February from newly emerged twigs of the healthy or the diseased trees of Niitaka and planted in sand in the greenhouse, only those from the diseased trees developed typical leaf lesions of the abnormal spot. These results indicate that abnormal leaf spots are caused by unknown systemic agents in pear trees, rather than by Alternaria spp., chemical injury or acid rain.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.670-678
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• 2017

Persimmon seeds contain considerable amounts of minerals, amino and organic acids, natural antioxidants and phenolic compounds. The objective of this study was to investigate quality characteristics and antioxidant potential of Korean persimmon seeds. The pH (4.88-4.94), color values, contents of minerals, free amino acids, organic acids, and phenolic compounds and DPPH free radical scavenging potentials of persimmon seed extracts significantly (p < 0.05) varied with the genotypes. This study showed that the seeds could be used as a source of different mineral elements (47.14-85.07 mg/kg) without any measureable amount of heavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury. Similarly, considerable amounts of organic (1550.13-2413.08 mg/kg) and essential amino (50.85-54.03 mg/kg) acids and total phenolic compounds ($1227.91-1307.78{\mu}g$ gallic acid equivalent/g) were also found in the seed extracts, indicating their potential food value as a natural antioxidant. Results of the present study imply that prethanol-A, a food preservative, can be used as an effective extraction to obtain the minerals, organic and free amino acids, and phenolic compounds from the persimmon seeds, which possess a big potential to be commercially used in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.