• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.201-203
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• 1987

Total RNA was isolated from two months old wheat, rice, tobacco and sweet potato. The procedure used was simple and provided pure RNA preparation. Lysis of plant tissue in a buffer with guanidine thiocyanate and CsCl density gradient centrifugation separated RNA from the rest of the cellular components. Subsequent cholroform/1-butanol extraction and ethanol precipitation were necessary to ensure contaminant-free RNA preparation. Storage of the lysed plant tissue in the buffer with guanidine thiocyanate preserved the sample for two months without noticeable RNA degradation.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.524-529
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• 2016

Controlling the production of diverse cell/tissue types is essential for the development of multicellular organisms such as animals and plants. The Arabidopsis thaliana root, which contains distinct cells/tissues along longitudinal and radial axes, has served as an elegant model to investigate how genetic programs and environmental signals interact to produce different cell/tissue types. In the root, a series of asymmetric cell divisions (ACDs) give rise to three ground tissue layers at maturity (endodermis, middle cortex, and cortex). Because the middle cortex is formed by a periclinal (parallel to the axis) ACD of the endodermis around 7 to 14 days post-germination, middle cortex formation is used as a parameter to assess maturation of the root ground tissue. Molecular, genetic, and physiological studies have revealed that the control of the timing and extent of middle cortex formation during root maturation relies on the interaction of plant hormones and transcription factors. In particular, abscisic acid and gibberellin act synergistically to regulate the timing and extent of middle cortex formation, unlike their typical antagonism. The SHORT-ROOT, SCARECROW, SCARECROW-LIKE 3, and DELLA transcription factors, all of which belong to the plant-specific GRAS family, play key roles in the regulation of middle cortex formation. Recently, two additional transcription factors, SEUSS and GA- AND ABA-RESPONSIVE ZINC FINGER, have also been characterized during ground tissue maturation. In this review, we provide a detailed account of the regulatory networks that control the timing and extent of middle cortex formation during post-embryonic root development.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1885-1889
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• 2007

The tissue blot immunobinding assay (TBIA) is widely used for the detection and localization of plant viruses in various plant tissues. The basic experimental procedures of TBIA sampling and blotting were simplified using commercially available micropipette tips. This method was termed the ring-blot immunobinding assay (R-BIA), as the blot on the membrane forms a ring shape. The detection efficacy of R-BIA was tested for two chili pepper viruses, pepper mild mottle tobamovirus (PMMoV) and pepper mottle potyvirus (PepMoV), following the optimized serological procedures of TBIA (length of the incubation period and BSA concentration, and primary and secondary antibodies). Sensitivity of the R-BIA was about 1 ng/ml of purified PMMoV in pepper leaf sap from a healthy pepper plant. R-BIA also showed high specificity in the detection of PMMoV and PepMoV. Moreover, the modified sampling and blotting procedures were simpler and more reliable than other TBIA methods (such as whole-leaf blotting and crushed-leaf blotting), suggesting that the R-BIA may be used for medium- to large-scale detection of plant viruses in laboratories with minimal facilities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 1996.05a
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• pp.41-62
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• 1996

Since 1966 tissue culture has been used as a tool for the production of disease indexed stocks from selected plants and their rapid (clonal) mass propagation through the procedure now referred to as micropropagation. The major advantages have been the rapid introduction of new plant cultivars, created within conventional and mutation breeding programmes, as healthy stock for beneficial distribution and the expansion of the world wide horticultural industry. (omitted)

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.185-193
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• 2002

With Increasing awareness towards environment-friendly and non-toxic pesticide azadirachtin obtained from neon tree (Azadirachta indica) is gaining more and more importance. Its broad-spectrum activity, Peculiar mode of action. eco-friendly and non-toxic action towards beneficial organisms has offered many advantages over chemical pesticides. All currently use commercial formulations based on azadirachtin contains azadirachtin extracted from seeds of naturally grown whole plants which is labour intensive process depending upon many uncontrollable geographical and climatic factors. Plant tissue culture can be a potential process for the pro-duction, offering consistent, stable and controlled supply of this bioactive compound, However the research on tissue culture aspects of production are in preliminary stage and requires culture and process optimization for the development of a commercially viable process. This review states the present status and future challenges of plant tissue culture for azadirachtin production.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.491-498
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• 1998

Transplanting process during the tissue culture of potato seedlings is costly, since the cost of highly skilled labor working in the sanitary environment takes up about 60-70% of the production cost. The objective of this study was to develop a soft gripper of a transplanting robot system for the labor-saving tissue culture. The prototype of the soft gripper was consisted of power-transmitting part finger and plant contacts. The power transmitting part transformed the rotating motion of a step motor to the reciprocating motion of the finger. Plant stems used in the test were potato seedlings cultured for six weeks. The dimensional characteristics of cultured seedlings, the compressive strengths of the stems, the extractive force from the culture medium and the gripping force of the finger were measured. A proper gripping force was found to be 0.343N at the extractive force of 0.41N when the plant contacts were made of silicon. Sixteen plants out of 70 trials were tangled with others, resulting in the success rate of 77.1%.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2006

An efficient protocol for in vitro multiple shoot bud induction and plant regeneration from mature green cotyledon derived callus tissues of Acacia sinuata has been developed. Callus formation occurs at all the concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) in Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium, but 0.6 ${\mu}M$ proved to be the best with maximum callus formation frequency. Supplementation of TDZ in combination with indole-acetic acid (IAA) in MS media accelerates shoot bud organogenesis in differentiating callus tissues with 60-70% conversion of shoot buds into shoot Most efficient shoot organogenesis was recorded when TDZ induced calli were subcultured at different concentrations of 6-benzyla-denine (BA). Optimum shoot bud induction and plant regeneration from callus was achieved when 0.6 ${\mu}M$ (TDZ) induced calli were subcultured at 3.0 ${\mu}M$ (BA) where $16.6{\pm}0.74$ shoots/unit callus on obtained. Rooting in in vitro differentiated shoots was achieved when transferred to medium containing different concentration of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in full & half strength MS medium. The well rooted plantlets were hardened and transferred to net house with 90% survival rate.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.283-287
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• 2005

Since the discovery of generation of $O_2^-$ in plant, many evidence for the oxidative burst (OXB) has been accumulated in various combinations of plant and pathogen or elicitor systems. $O_2^-$ generating system responsible for the OXB was coupled with oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) in microsomal fraction isolated from sliced aged potato tuber slices which were treated by hyphal wall components elicitor from Phytophthora infestans (HWC). We developed new assay method for quantitative measurement of oxygen radical $O_2^-$ by using electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis during elicitor­induced OXB on the surface of plant tissues. The ESR analysis using an $O_2^-$ trapper, Tiron (1,2-dihydroxy-3,5­benzenedisulfonic acid), provided a convenient assay for detecting only $O_2^-$ during elicitor-induced OXB producing various active oxygen species (AOS) on plant tissue surface. Tiron was oxidized to Tiron semiquinon radical by $O_2^-$. Quantity of the radical signal was measured by specific spectra on ESR spectroscopy. The level of $O_2^-$ was high in from surface of potato tuber tissue treated with hyphal cell wall elicitor (HWC) from Phytophthora infestans. There was no secondary OXB induction by $H_2O_2$ treatment in plant.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.114-118
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• 2019

Efficient protocol for plant shoot regeneration of Brassica juncea L. CZERN was established by using organic media components and growth stimulating factors of the vermicompost and coelomic fluids. Formulated organic plant tissue culture media (Vermicompost (30%) extracts supplemented with 20 mL/L coelomic fluid) have shown maximum shoot regeneration when compared with the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, which were supplemented with 1 mg/L 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.1 mg/L of Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Cotyledon explants produced the highest shoot regeneration frequency from fourday-old germinated seedlings in comparison with non-germinated seedlings. The vermicompost extracts have proved to be the best organic plant growth media to induce shoots from cotyledons compared to the MS media. Statistically significant difference (P = 0.008) for the root length, shoot length (P=0.000350) and the leaves (P=0.375) of the mustard plantlets were analyzed successfully. The survival rate was 98% in the mustard cotyledons on the Vermicompost extract media and 63% on MS media respectively. The coelomic fluid also is much suitable to induce shoots from cotyledons at lower concentrations. It was also shown that the vermicompost extract, which comprised of humic acids along with coelomic fluid, affected shoot regeneration from the cotyledons. An efficient and organic shoot regeneration study was standardized and it can be applicable in the improvement of the economically important crops.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1613-1617
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• 2006

Optimum analytical conditions for cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave (SW) stripping voltammetry were determined using mercury-mixed carbon nanotube paste electrode (PE). The results approached the microgram working ranges of SW: 10.0-80.0 $ugL^{-1}$ and CV: 100-700 $ugL^{-1}$ Cd (II); working conditions of 300-Hz frequency, 100 mV amplitude, 1.6 V accumulation potential, 400 sec accumulation time, and 40 mV increment potential. First, analysis was performed through direct assay of cadmium ions deep into the fishs brain core and plant tissue in real time with a preconcentration time of 400 sec. The relative standard deviation of 10.0 $mgL^{-1}$ Cd (II) observed was 0.064 (n = 12) at optimum conditions. The low detection limit (S/N) was set at 0.6 $ugL^{-1}$ ($5.33{\times}10^{-9}$ M). The methods can be used in direct analysis in vivo or in real-time monitoring of plant tissue.