• Title/Summary/Keyword: Plant Response

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A Large Dry PWR Containment Response Analysis for Postulated Severe Accidents (가상적 중대사고에 대한 대형건식 가압경수로 격납용기의 반응해석)

  • Chun, Moon-Hyun
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.292-309
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    • 1987
  • A large dry PWR containment response analysis for postulated severe accidents was performed as part of the Zion Risk Rebaselining study for input to the U.S. NRC's "Reactor Risk Reference Document," NUREG-1150. The Methodologies used in the present work were developed as part of the Severe Accident Risk Reduction Program (SARRP) at Sandia National Laboratory specifically for the Surry Plant, but they were extrapolated to Zion. Major steps of the quantification of risk from a nuclear power plant are first outlined. Then, the methodologies of containment response analysis for severe accidents used for Zion are described in detail: major features of the containment event tree (CET) analysis codes and CET quantification procedures are summarized. In addition, plant specific features important to containment response analysis are presented along with the containment loading and performance issues included in the present uncertainty analysis. Finally, a brief summary of the results of deterministic and statistical containment event tree analysis is presented to provide a perspective on the large dry PWR containment response for postulated severe accidents.accidents.

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Shaking table test and numerical analysis of nuclear piping under low- and high-frequency earthquake motions

  • Kwag, Shinyoung;Eem, Seunghyun;Kwak, Jinsung;Lee, Hwanho;Oh, Jinho;Koo, Gyeong-Hoi;Chang, Sungjin;Jeon, Bubgyu
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.54 no.9
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    • pp.3361-3379
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    • 2022
  • A nuclear power plant (NPP) piping is designed against low-frequency earthquakes. However, earthquakes that can occur at NPP sites in the eastern part of the United States, northern Europe, and Korea are high-frequency earthquakes. Therefore, this study conducts bi-directional shaking table tests on actual-scale NPP piping and studies the response characteristics of low- and high-frequency earthquake motions. Such response characteristics are analyzed by comparing several responses that occur in the piping. Also, based on the test results, a piping numerical analysis model is developed and validated. The piping seismic performance under high-frequency earthquakes is derived. Consequently, the high-frequency excitation caused a large amplification in the measured peak acceleration responses compared to the low-frequency excitation. Conversely, concerning relative displacements, strains, and normal stresses, low-frequency excitation responses were larger than high-frequency excitation responses. Main peak relative displacements and peak normal stresses were 60%-69% and 24%-49% smaller in the high-frequency earthquake response than the low-frequency earthquake response. This phenomenon was noticeable when the earthquake motion intensity was large. The piping numerical model simulated the main natural frequencies and relative displacement responses well. Finally, for the stress limit state, the seismic performance for high-frequency earthquakes was about 2.7 times greater than for low-frequency earthquakes.

Necrotrophic Fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis Triggers Expression of Multiple Resistance Components in Resistant and Susceptible Wheat Cultivars

  • Andersen, Ethan J.;Nepal, Madhav P.;Ali, Shaukat
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.99-114
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    • 2021
  • Tan spot of wheat, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr), results in a yield loss through chlorosis and necrosis of healthy leaf tissue. The major objective of this study was to compare gene expression in resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars after infection with Ptr ToxA-producing race 2 and direct infiltration with Ptr ToxA proteins. Greenhouse experiments included exposure of the wheat cultivars to pathogen inoculum or direct infiltration of leaf tissue with Ptr-ToxA protein isolate. Samples from the experiments were subjected to RNA sequencing. Results showed that ToxA RNA sequences were first detected in samples collected eight hours after treatments indicating that upon Ptr contact with wheat tissue, Ptr started expressing ToxA. The resistant wheat cultivar, in response to Ptr inoculum, expressed genes associated with plant resistance responses that were not expressed in the susceptible cultivar; genes of interest included five chitinases, eight transporters, five pathogen-detecting receptors, and multiple classes of signaling factors. Resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars therefore differed in their response in the expression of genes that encode chitinases, transporters, wall-associated kinases, permeases, and wound-induced proteins, among others. Plants exposed to Ptr inoculum expressed transcription factors, kinases, receptors, and peroxidases, which are not expressed as highly in the control samples or samples infiltrated with ToxA. Several of the differentially expressed genes between cultivars were found in the Ptr resistance QTLs on chromosomes 1A, 2D, 3B, and 5A. Future studies should elucidate the specific roles these genes play in the wheat response to Ptr.

Reduction of Stress Caused by Drought and Salt in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Crops through Applications of Selected Plant Extracts and the Physiological Response Mechanisms of Rice

  • Hyun Hwa Park;Young Seon Lee;Yong In Kuk
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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    • 2022.10a
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    • pp.57-57
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    • 2022
  • In many areas of the world, salt damage and drought have had a negative impact on human survival due to a decrease in agricultural productivity. For instance, about 50% of agricultural land will be affected by salt damage by 2050. Biostimulants such as plant extracts can not only increase the nutrient utilization efficiency of plants, but also promote plant growth and increase resistance to abiotic or biotic stress. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine how selected plant extracts might reduce levels of stress caused by drought and salt and to better understand the physiological response mechanisms of rice plants. In this study, we used Soybean leaves, Soybean stems and Allium tuberosum, Allium cepa, Hizikia fusiforme, and Gracilaria verrucosa extracts were used. These extracts had been used in previous studies and were found to be effective. The materials were dried in a dry oven at 50℃ for 5 days and ground using a blender. Each 50 g of materials was put in 1 L of distilled water, stirred for 24 hours, filtered using 4 layers of mirocloth, and then concentrated using a concentrator. Rice (cv. Hopumbyeo) seeds were immersed and germinated, and then sown in seedbeds filled with commercial soil. In drought experiments, three rice seedlings at 1 week after seeding was transplanted into 100 ml cups filled with commercial soils and grown until the 4-leaf stage. For this experiment, the soil weight in a cup was equalized, and water was allowed to become 100% saturated and then drained for 24 hours. Thereafter, plant extracts at 3% concentrations were applied to the soils. For NaCl treatments, rice plants at 17 days after seeding were treated with either 100 mM NaCl or plant extracts at 1%+ 100 mM NaCl combinations in the growth chamber. Leaf injury, relative water content, photosynthetic efficiency, and chlorophyll contents were measured at 3, 5, and 6 days after treatments. Shoot fresh weight of rice under drought conditions increased 28-37% in response to treatments of Soybean leaf, Soybean stem, Allium tuberosum, Allium cepa, Hizikia fusiforme, and Gracilaria verrucosa extracts at 3% when compared with control plants. Shoot fresh weight of rice subjected to 100 mM NaCl treatments also increased by 6-24% in response to Soybean leaf, Soybean stem, Allium tuberosum, Allium cepa, Hizikia fusiforme, and Gracilaria verrucosa extracts at 3% when compared with control plants. Compared to the control, rice plants treated with these six extracts and subjected to drought conditions had significantly higher relative water content, Fv/Fm, total chlorophyll and total carotenoids than control plants. With the exception of relative water contents, rice plants treated with the six extracts and subjected to salt stress (100 mM NaCl treatments) had significantly higher Fv/Fm, total chlorophyll and total carotenoids than control plants. However, the type of extract used did not produce significant difference in these parameters. Thus, all the plant extracts used in this study could mitigate drought and NaCl stresses and could also contribute substantially to sustainable crop production.

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A design on robust multivariable model following servo system (강인한 다변수 모델 추종형 서보시스템의 구성에 관한 연구)

  • Hwang, C.S.;Choi, Y.K.;Lee, Y.W.;Choi, I.S.
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 1991.11a
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    • pp.370-373
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    • 1991
  • This paper considers the linear multivariable model following servo system synthesis method in which linear optimal regulator problem is used to design controllers that make the response of the plant should be kept close to a specified ideal response of the model. The characteristics of this system is that the constructed system is robust in the presence of the constant disturbances or the parameter perturbations of the plant. Especially, the steady state offset is excluded for the ramp response of the model by direct feedforward compensator from the reference input.

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Study on Seismic Response Characteristics of Reactor Vessel Internals and Fuel Assembly for OBE Elimination

  • M. J. Jhung;Y. G. Yune;Lee, J. H.;Lee, J. B.
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.29 no.5
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    • pp.417-431
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    • 1997
  • To resolve a general argument about OBE elimination for the future nuclear power plant design, seismic responses of reactor vessel internals and fuel assembly for Ulchin nuclear power plant units 3 and 4 in Korea are investigated as an example. Dynamic analyses of the coupled internals and core are performed for the seismic excitations using the reactor vessel motions. By investigating the response relations between OBE and SSE and their response characteristics, the critical components for OBE loading are addressed. Also the fuel assembly responses are calculated using the core plate motions and their behavior is found to be insignificant for OBE elimination.

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Demand Response Impact on Market Operator's Revenue and Load Profile of a Grid Connected with Wind Power Plants

  • Tahmasebi, Mehrdad;Pasupuleti, Jagadeesh
    • Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.46-52
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    • 2013
  • Economic properties of an integrated wind power plant (WPP) and the demand response (DR) programs in the sample electricity market are studied. Time of use (TOU) and direct load control (DLC) are two of the DR programs that are applied in the system. The influences of these methods and the incentive payments by market operator's (MOs) with variable elasticity are studied. It is observed that DR with TOU and DLC programs together yields better revenue and energy saving for MOs.

Vibration Analysis of the End-winding of Large Generator for Fossil Power Plant under Electromagnetic Excitation (대형 화력 발전용 발전기 권선단부의 전자기력에 의한 진동 해석)

  • 김철홍;주영호
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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    • 2003.11a
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    • pp.350-355
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    • 2003
  • This paper presents results of vibration analysis of a end-winding of large generator for fossil power plant. A finite element analysis using a commercial S/W is performed to calculate alternating electromagnetic forces, mainly of 120㎐ in 60㎐ machines, acting on the end-winding, and then to calculate forced response of the end-winding under electromagnetic forces. Also, this paper presents analytical and experimental modal analysis results of generator end-winding to validate FE model. We calculated forced response of end-winding on 120㎐, double rotating frequency. These results will be used to evaluate structural reliability of end-winding and applied to update model.

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Effects of Cyclic-AMP and Tannin on the Amylase Biosynthesis Induced by Gibberellin in Aleurone Layer II. Amylase (Cyclic-AMP와 탄닌이 지베레린으로 유도되는 Amylase 생합성에 미치는 영향 II. Amylase)

  • 권영명
    • Journal of Plant Biology
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    • v.21 no.1_4
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    • pp.21-27
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    • 1978
  • The effect of tannic acid on GAs and cyclic-AMP promoted amylase induction in barley aleurone layers was examined. Of a variety of adenine compounds, only cyclic-AMP and ADP showed significant activity, and these activities were promoted by addition of theophylline to the incubation medium. When aleurone layers of barley endosperm tissues were incubated with GAs in the presence of tannic acid, the amylase activity in the incubation medium was reduced. Cyclic-AMP induced amylase activity was also reduced by additiion of tannic acid. The cyclic-AMP response promoted was more sensitive to tannin inhibition than GAs response. The inhibitory effect of tannic acid shwoed reversibility by addition of higher concentration of GAs or cyclic-AMP. The tannic acid effect on GAs response was also recovered by addition of a higher concentration of cyclic-AMP. Experiment with polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis showed different isozyme patterns according to the additions in the incubation medium. Inhibitory effects of decursinol and coumarin was compared with that of tannic acid. They showed different zymogram patterns.

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Effect of the incoherent earthquake motion on responses of seismically isolated nuclear power plant structure

  • Ahmed, Kaiser;Kim, Dookie;Lee, Sang H.
    • Earthquakes and Structures
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.33-44
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    • 2018
  • Base-isolated nuclear power plant (BI-NPP) structures are founded on expanded basemat as a flexible floating nuclear island, are still lacking the recommendation of the consideration of incoherent motion effect. The effect of incoherent earthquake motion on the seismic response of BI-NPP structure has been investigated herein. The incoherency of the ground motions is applied by using an isotropic frequency-dependent spatial correlation function to perform the conditional simulation of the reference design spectrum compatible ground motion in time domain. Time history analysis of two structural models with 486 and 5 equivalent lead plug rubber bearing (LRB) base-isolators have been done under uniform excitation and multiple point excitation. two different cases have been considered: 1) Incoherent motion generated for soft soil and 2) Incoherent motion generated for hard rock soil. The results show that the incoherent motions reduce acceleration and the lateral displacement responses and the reduction is noticeable at soft soil site and higher frequencies.