• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.75-82
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• 1982

콩나물 제조중 식물성장 조절제 혼합액(IAA와 BA)을 2회 처리하여 그의 성분 및 생육상태의 변화를 비교실험하였다. 콩나물의 성장중 생육상태의 변화는 식물성장 조절제 처리구에서 35%의 신장이 억제되었으며 생체중량, 건조물량 및 배축부의 두께는 각각 $10{\sim}20%$, 5%, 40%의 촉진효과를 나타내었고 취약성 및 경도는 약간의 증가를 나타내었다. 또한 처리구에서는 잔뿌리의 발생이 억제되어 잔뿌리 없는 콩나물을 제조할 수 있었다. 콩나물 성장중 조단백질과 조지방의 변화는 처리구에서 대조구보다 각각 $5{\sim}10%$, 10%의 증가효과를 나타내었으며 vitamin C의 변화는 처리구에서 대조구보다 70%의 생성촉진효과를 나타내었다. 식물생장 조절제 처리구의 아미노산 조성은 lysine 17.22mg, arginine 18.45mg, 그리고 methionine이 3.56mg으로 각기 대조구에 비하여 16%, 108%, 15%의 증가 효과를 나타내었으며 proline은 5.03mg으로 대조구에 비하여 106%로 감소되었다. 지방산조성은 처리구, 대조구 모두 비슷한 조성을 나타내었으며 처리구의 지방산조성은 linoleic 57.14%, oleic 18.6%, palmitic 11.17%, linolenic 9.22%의 순이며 P/S ratio는 4.40으로 대조구의 4.37 보다 약간 높았다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.230-260
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• 1992

The paper was reviewed the research results on weed dynamics and effective control methods in direct-seeded rice crop. Direct seeding method resulted in drastic increment of weed growth compared to transplanting method and also changed in troublesome weed flora. Two to three fold more weeds were harvested at the direct seeded rice and weed flora of dominant species shifted toward $C_4$type grass weeds. Some of the important troublesome weeds in direct seeded rice were Echinochloa crus-galle, Oryza saliva ssp spontanea, Leptochloa chinensis. Setaria viridus. Digitaria adsendens, Sesbania exaltata, Aeschynomene indica, Algae, etc. Yield loss due to weed competiton was about 40-60% for water-seeded and about 70-100% for dry-seeded rice while these for transplanted rice were about 25-35% for mechanical transplanting and about 10-20% for manual transplanting, respectively. Integrated weed management concept was neede to approach weed control effectively. Several cultural technologies were very effective to suppress the weed growth. These were tillage operation, water management, seeding date and seeding rate. Crop residues of barley, rice, wheat, oat and italian ryegrass were also effectivly suppressed the paddy weeds particularly to Potamogeton distiuctus, a perennial broadleaf weed. A pathogen of Epicoccosorus nematosporus identified from Eleocharis kuroguwai was an excellent potential bioagent to control the most troublesome perennial sedge weed of E. Kuroguwai without arising any detrimental effect. The herbicidal efficacy of this pathogen was as high as bentazon herbicide. Plant growth regulator of paclobutrazol (pp-333) was another possible alternative to reduce the herbicide use. In current, herbicide exhibited the most conspicuous results to control weeds in direct-seeded rice even though the application technologies were not fully established. Recommendations for herbicide application were suggested for in both water-and dry-seeded rice in USA, Japan and Korea, respectively. To make better and comprehensive recommendations further studies on weed ecology and herbicide development were emphasized.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.483-487
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• 2001

검정콩의 2립과 3립협의 비율 및 결협율 향상에 의한 수량 증대를 위하여 TIBA 및 Ethrel 의 적정 처리시기 및 농도를 구명하기 위한 시험을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. TIBA 처리에서 공협과 1립협의 비율을 낮추고, 2립과 3립협의 비율을 높이기 위한 가장 효과적인 처리시기는 V6이었고, 처리농도는 50 ppm이었다. 2. 에스렐 처리에서 공협과 1립협의 비율을 낮추고, 2립과 3립협의 비율을 높이기 위한 가장 효과적인 처리시기는 V6이었고, 처리농도는 500 ppm이었다. 3. TIBA처리에서 결협율을 향상시키기 위한 처리방법은 처리기에 관계없이 50 ppm처리에서 가장 효과적이었고, V6 및 V8에 150 ppm처리에서는 오히려 낮아졌다. 4. 에스렐 처리에서 무처리에 비하여 결협율이 향상된 처리는 없었고, 처리간에는 처리시기가 빠르고 처리농도가 낮아짐에 따라 높아지는 경향이었다. 5. TIBA처리에서 수량은 공협 및 1립협 비율의 감소, 2립협 및 3립협의 증가 및 결협율의 향상에 의하여 처리시기에 관계없이 처리농도 50 ppm에서 증대되었다. 6. 에스렐 처리에서 수량은 결협율의 감소에도 불구하고 공협 및 1립협 비율의 감소와 2립협 및 3립협의 증가에 의하여 처리시기에 관계없이 처리농도 500 ppm에서 높았다.

• 화훼연구
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.166-178
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• 2018

In this study, the principal objective was to investigate the effect of light quality and vessel ventilation on the growth and development, physiology, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and contents of mineral nutrients of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) 'Marble Beauty'. Single node cuttings stuck into the plant growth regulator (PGR)-free MS medium in containers covered with caps with or without a ventilation filter were cultured first four weeks under white and then additional four weeks under either white (control), blue, red, or red + blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) for 56 days. Interestingly, a ventilated culture condition not only reduced the percentage of the hyperhydricity, but also increased the total chlorophyll content (Chl a + Chl b) of the plantlets as compared to the non-ventilated condition. In addition, blue LEDs produced plantlets with the greatest number of shoots and red LEDs produced plantlets with the greatest shoot length. The quality of plantlets was improved under a ventilation condition. Besides, under a ventilated condition, red + blue LEDs raised APX activity, and blue LEDs not only raised the activity of the CAT, but also increased tissue contents of such elements as K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn and Fe. The red LEDs increased contents of B and Si under a ventilated condition, and Na accumulation under a non-ventilated condition. Thus, including blue or red LEDs as the light source in a ventilated culture condition will produce plantlets of carnation 'Marble Beauty' in vitro with improved quality.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제44권11호
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• pp.830-842
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• 2021

When perceiving microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) or plant-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), plants alter their root growth and development by displaying a reduction in the root length and the formation of root hairs and lateral roots. The exogenous application of a MAMP peptide, flg22, was shown to affect root growth by suppressing meristem activity. In addition to MAMPs, the DAMP peptide PEP1 suppresses root growth while also promoting root hair formation. However, the question of whether and how these elicitor peptides affect the development of the vascular system in the root has not been explored. The cellular receptors of PEP1, PEPR1 and PEPR2 are highly expressed in the root vascular system, while the receptors of flg22 (FLS2) and elf18 (EFR) are not. Consistent with the expression patterns of PEP1 receptors, we found that exogenously applied PEP1 has a strong impact on the division of stele cells, leading to a reduction of these cells. We also observed the alteration in the number and organization of cells that differentiate into xylem vessels. These PEP1-mediated developmental changes appear to be linked to the blockage of symplastic connections triggered by PEP1. PEP1 dramatically disrupts the symplastic movement of free green fluorescence protein (GFP) from phloem sieve elements to neighboring cells in the root meristem, leading to the deposition of a high level of callose between cells. Taken together, our first survey of PEP1-mediated vascular tissue development provides new insights into the PEP1 function as a regulator of cellular reprogramming in the Arabidopsis root vascular system.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.359-365
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: Prohexadione-calcium (PC) is a plant growth regulator of cyclohexanedione family acting on inhibiting gibberellin biosynthesis and has been used to regulate shoot elongation of turfgrass in the golf course during the summer season. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of PC on the inhibition of shoot elongation, growth, and nitrogen uptake in Zoysia matrella. METHODS AND RESULTS: Treatments were as follows; non-treatment, control (TE 0.01 a.i. g/m²/100 mL), 0.0025PC (PC 0.0025 a.i. g/m²/100 mL), 0.005PC (PC 0.005 a.i. g/m²/100 mL), 0.01PC (PC 0.01 a.i. g/m²/100 mL) and 0.02PC (PC 0.02 a.i. g/m²/100 mL). Visual quality and chlorophyll content were not significantly different. As compared to non-treatment, shoot length and clipping yield in 0.005PC, 0.01PC and 0.02PC treatments were decreased by 29-36% and 65-82%, respectively, and those of 0.0025PC were not significantly different. N uptake of Z. matrella after applying PC was decreased by 28.9-77.8% than that of non-treatment. Inhibition effects of PC treatment in Z. matrella were not significantly different from those of control. CONCLUSION(S): These results indicated that the application of prohexadione calcium inhibited shoot elongation, clipping yield and N uptake amount in Z. matrella, and trinexapac-ethyl could be replaced with prohexadione-calcium in turfgrass management.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.58-64
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• 1990

최근 국내에서 연구가 시작되고 있는 신규 식물생장조정제인 brassinolide류와 기존의 auxin류를 혼용하였을 경우 상호작용성을 구명하여 농업적 이용의 기초자료를 얻고자 몇가지 생물검정법을 이용하여 상호작용의 결과를 분석해 본 결과를 요약하면 다음과 간다. 1. 벼 엽신기부굴절검정에서는 두 화합물의 저농도 혼용조합에서 길항적인 반응을 보였으나, 대부분의 조합에서는 상가 또는 상승작용을 하였으며, 고농도의 혼용일수록 상승효과가 높았고, IAA가 2, 4-D에 비해 다소 혼용효과가 높았다. 2. 귀리 자엽소신장검정에서는 HBR의 농도에 관계없이 IAA 0.1ppm 이하에서는 상승작용을 하였으나 0.3ppm 이상의 혼용에서는 상가적인 반응을 나타내었다. 3. 무 하배축신장검정에서는 자엽의 유무에 의해 반응이 다르게 나타났는데, 자엽을 제거한 절편에서는 IAA 3ppm과 HBR과의 혼용조합을 제외하고는 대부분의 혼용조합이 길항적인 반응을 보였다. 4. 이상에서와 같이 검정방법간 혼용효과가 뚜렷한 차이가 있었으며, 공시재료에 따라 상호작용의 효과가 다르게 나타났는데 auxin의 함량이 비교적 높은 생장점을 가진 절편에서는 대체로 길항작용을 보인 반면, 선단부를 제거하여 내생호르몬이 불안정한 절편에서는 상가 또는 상승작용을 보였다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.244-249
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• 1988

오옥신활성물질(活性物質) 또는 호르몬형제초활성물질(型除草活性物質)의 생물검정법(生物檢定法)으로 죽송(竹松)의 Raphanus test를 도입(導入)하고자 품종(品種) 및 검정방법(檢定方法)을 검토(檢討)하고 효과(效果)를 확인(確認)하였다. 1. 공시품종(供試品種)중에서 장백미농조생무우가 반응성(反應性), 재료(材料)의 균일성(均一性), 반응(反應)의 정량성(定量性), 재료(材料)의 육성(育成) 및 취급상의 여러 면에서 가장 우수하였다. 무우유묘(幼苗)의 자엽병각도(子葉柄角度)는 일당(日當) $6^{\circ}$의 비율로 증가되었으며 곡선희귀식으로 추정(推定)한 약제처리적정시기(藥劑處理適正時期)는 파종후(播種後) 7~9일(日)로 판단되었고 약제처리후(藥劑處理後) 자엽병굴곡각도(子葉柄屈曲角度)는 급격히 증가하여 24시간후에는 최고에 달하였다. 3. 엽제처리후(葉劑處理後) 광(光)의 유무(有無)에 따른 반응성(反應性)은 암조건(暗條件)에서 자연광조건(自然光條件)보다 컸으며 더욱 농도(濃度)에 따라 정량적(定量的)이었고 온도조건(溫度條件)은 $20^{\circ}C$에서 25, 30, $35^{\circ}C$보다 반응성(反應性)이 높았다. 4. 본 생물검정법(生物檢定法)은 $GA_3$, BA, ABA에는 전혀 반응하지 않았으며 homobrassinolide 보다는 ${\alpha}$-NAA에 더욱 특이적으로 반응하였고 오옥신활성물질 또는 호르몬형제초활성물질로 알려진 phenoxy 및 indole 화합물에 정량적(定量的)으로 반응하였다.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2011

향료 및 약용 수종으로 가치 있는 좀목형 (Vitex negundo var. insica)의 기내증식 기술을 개발하고자 3년생 나무의 당년생 신초지로부터 채취한 신초의 기내 증식 및 발근에 미치는 생장조절제의 효과를 구명하였다. 다경줄기 유도는 0.5-2.0 mg/L BA가 첨가된 WPM 배지에서 효과적이었고, 가장 많은 줄기 수 (7.9개/절편)는 1.0 mg/L BA 농도에서 얻었다. 줄기 생장은 WPM 기본배지에서 1-2개의 우세 줄기로 자라는 특징이 있었고 길이는 3.4 cm 정도이었다. BA 2.0 + GA 0.5 mg/L 혼용처리는 증식과 더불어 생장을 촉진하는 효과를 보였다. 줄기 증식 시 처리된 생장조절제는 차후의 발근에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 전반적으로 BA 처리로 유도된 줄기는 차후 발근도 잘되었으나 고농도 BA 처리 (4.0 mg/L)는 발근을 억제하였다. 저농도의 TDZ 처리도 BA 처리와 유사한 경향을 보였으나 0.5 mg/L 농도로 유도된 줄기는 발근이 현저히 억제되었고 그 이상의 농도에서 유도된 줄기는 전혀 발근되지 못했다. 증식 시 BA에 IBA를 혼용처리하면 증식은 물론 차후의 발근에 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과는 약용가치가 뛰어난 좀목형의 기내배양을 통한 효율적인 증식 가능성을 보여주었다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.244-250
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• 1993

Calli and suspension cultures were obtained following inoculation of the explant from leaves of Ginkgo biloba L on the supplemented MS basal medium. The obtained calli and suspension cultured cells were able to produce detectable amounts of ginkgolides which are known as natural specific PAF antagonists. The production of ginkgolides in the calli and suspension cultured celles were identified using GC/MS, GC and HPLC with authentic ocmpounds. Since the production of ginkgolides A and B the calli and suspension cultured cells had been confirmed, effects of types and concentration of plant growth regulators, media and illumination on the induction and growth of the callus were studied. The concentrations of growth regulators for optimal callus were studied. The concentrations of growth regulators for optimal callus induction were studied. The concentrations of growth regulators for optimal callus induction were 1.0 to 2.0 mg/L for NAA and o.1 mg/L for kinetin. The growth of the Callus seemed to be more simnultaed with the combination of NAA and kinetin than NAA and BA with illumination at all concentration ranges of 1.0 to 4.0 mg/l for NAA and o.1 to 1.0 mg/L for kinetin or BA studied. Amogn 8 different media used, the induction rate of callus on Anderson, Eriksson, and Shenk and Hildebrant at 4 weeks after the innoculation was almost the same as that of MS. However, callus was rarely induced on Heller or White medium. Suspension cultures were easily initiated with 3 g of callus (fresh weight) derived from ginkgo leaves on supplemented MS medium. A typical growth curve of suspension cultured cells could be obtained by measuring the fresh weight of the suspension cultured cells at every 3 days. To improve the growth of suspension cultured cells of ginkgo, effects of concentrations of NAA, sucrose, phosphate ions and molar ratio of $NH_{4}^+\;to\;NO_{3}^-$ ions in the culture medium were studied. The maximum growth of the cells was achieved when the culture medium contained 1.0 mg/L of NAA, 30 g/L sucrose, 1.75 mM phosphate ions and 1:5 molar ratio of $NH_{4}\;to\;NO_{3}^-$ ions.