• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2004

This study was conducted to develop optimal control tactics of the northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla, using cultural method and biological agents ｛Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), Paecilomyces lilacinus and plant extract (Huhjunl)｝ in the fields of Codonopsis lanceolata. Germination of C. lanceolata was susceptible to fosthiazate, but not to Bt or a plant extract. In pot assay, the inhibitory effect of two microbial agents, Bt and Paecilomyces lilacinus, on M. hapla were significant, but less than that of fosthiazate. The plant extract also had significantly inhibitory effect on M. hapla. In field assay, treatments of P lilacinus and fosthiazate resulted in maximal yields and qualities of C. lanceolata. The effect of the plant extract on the yields of C. lanceolata was also better than no treatment. The nematode-occurring condition of the fields before transplanting had significant effect on development of C. lanceolata; nematode-occurring field type gave less yields than nematode-free field type. These results suggest that a cultural control technique using paddy field, microbial pesticides using Bt or P lilacinus, and the plant extract are the promising control tactics against M. hapla in C. lanceolata fields. As a field manual to decrease economical damage of C. lanceolata due to M. hapla, this study suggests that C. lanceolata can be cultured directly in paddy field or in upland field after nematode control using microbial agents or the plant extract.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.11-16
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• 2004

This study was conducted to find the powerful free radical scavenging effect in methanol extracts from 35 kinds of Korean medicinal plants obtained from the Plant Extract Bank as natural plant products. Antioxidant activity of the plant extracts was determined by measuring the scavenging effect of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH). In the screening of plant extracts tested, at 200 ppm level, almost all plantex tracts showed significantly high antionidant activity. In the reinvestigation of 15 kinds of Korean medicinal plants at 50 ppm level selected as good sources with good free radical scavenging effect at 200 ppm level, the DPPH scavenging effects were similar to those of L-ascorbic acid in whole plant extract of Fragaria yezoensis (90.4％), in the plant stems and roots extract of Gingko biloba, and the leaves extract of Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum (90％). The fruits extract of Cornus officinalis showed the strongest antioxidant activity (95％). These results suggest that the methanol extracts from Korean medicinal plants can be a potential source of antioxidants that can be used to control oxidative stress in the body, But further study is needed to measure their safety for consumption

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.189-192
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• 2009

The effect of plant extracts of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus chamadulonsis), garlic (Allium sativium), marigold (Tagetes erecta) and neem (Azadirachta indica) and essential oils were tested on the suppression of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita under greenhouse and field conditions. In vitro study, all tested treatments had nematicidal effect on nematode juveniles after 24 and 48 hours from exposures. The highest percentage of nematode mortality was achieved by application of neem extract (65.4%), essential oils (64.4%) and marigold extract (60.5%), followed by garlic and eucalyptus extracts (38.7-39.5%). Under greenhouse and field conditions, neem extract and essential oils treatments were more effective in reducing population numbers of the M. incognita in soil and root gall index compared to other treatments. In field experiments, the maximum protection of tomato plant against root-knot nematode was obtained by application of neem and essential oil treatments, 44.2 and 32.6%, respectively.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.395-399
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• 2008

Methanol and aqueous extract of leaves of Trema orientalis Linn. were subjected to the potential antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The pharmacological interest of this plant coupled with traditional use (antidiarrhoeal, antiseptic, analgesic etc) prompted to test for antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The antioxidant potential of the methanolic extract was determined on the basis of their scavenging activity of the stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl free radical. $IC_{50}$ of the methanol extract of T. orientalis was $110.25\;{\mu}g/ml$ which indicated the strong antioxidant activity of the plant. However the aqueous extract showed mild antioxidant activity. In case of antibacterial activities test, the extract was subjected for its effectiveness against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in agar diffusion method. The zones of inhibition produced by the crude methanol and aqueous extract against few sensitive strains were measured and compared with those of standard antibiotic Gentamycin. It is evident that both extracts are active against the bacteria at low concentrations. The obtained results provide a support for the use of this plant in traditional medicine and suggest its further advance investigation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1289-1294
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• 2013

This study evaluated the in vitro effect of medicinal plant extracts on ruminal methanogenesis, four different groups of methanogens and ruminal fermentation characteristics. A fistulated Holstein cow was used as a donor of rumen fluid. Licorice and mugwort extracts (Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Artemisia capillaris, 0.5% and 1% of total substrate DM, respectively), previously used as folk remedies, were added to an in vitro fermentation incubated with buffered-rumen fluid. Total gas production in Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract treatment was not significantly different between treatments (p<0.05) while total gas production in the Artemisia capillaris extract treatment was lower than that of the control. Artemisia capillaris extract and Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract reduced $CH_4$ emission by 14% (p<0.05) and 8% (p<0.05), respectively. Ciliate-associated methanogens population decreased by 18% in the medicinal plant extracts treatments. Medicinal plant extracts also affected the order Methanobacteriales community. Methanobacteriales diversity decreased by 35% in the Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract treatment and 30% in the Artemisia capillaris extract treatment. The order Methanomicrobiales population decreased by 50% in the 0.5% of Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract treatment. These findings demonstrate that medicinal plant extracts have the potential to inhibit in vitro ruminal methanogenesis.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.184-191
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• 2004

Methanol extracts of fresh materials of 57 plants were screened for in vivo antifungal activity against Magna-porthe grisea, Corticium sasaki, Botrytis cinerea, Phyto-phthora infestans, Puccinia recondita, and Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. Among them, seven plant extracts showed disease-control efficacy of more than 90％ against at least one of six plant diseases. None of the plant extracts was highly active against tomato gray mold. The methanol extracts of Chloranthus japonicus (roots) (CjR) and Paulownia coreana (stems) (PcS) displayed the highest antifungal activity; the CjR extract controlled the development of rice blast, rice sheath blight, and wheat leaf rust more than 90％, and tomato gray mold and tomato late blight more than 80％. The PcS extract displayed control values of more than 90 ％ against rice blast, wheat leaf rust, and barley powdery mildew and more than 80％ against tomato gray mold. The extract of PcS also had a curative activity against rice sheath blight and that of CjR had a little curative activity against rice blast. On the other hand, the extract of Rumex acetocella roots reduced specifically the development of barley powdery mildew. Further studies on the characterization of antifungal substances in antifungal plant extracts are underway and their disease-control efficacy should be examined under greenhouse and field conditions.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2019

The antimicrobial activity of acetone, hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol extracts from leaves, stems, immature green fruits, and red fruits of tomato plants was examined against six phytopathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the acetonic extracts from these four plant parts was lower than that of the other solvents. Among the acetonic extracts, tomato leaves had a lower MIC than the other tomato parts. The acetonic extract from tomato leaves was therefore selected as a source of antimicrobial substances. The acetonic extract from tomato leaves inhibited mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Glomerella cingulata, and Rhizoctonia solani. Mycelial growth of R. solani treated with acetone extract from leaves showed more susceptibility than the other phytopathogens. Using 0.31 mg/ml of the acetonic extract from leaves, mycelial growth of R. solani on days 1, 2, and 3 decreased by 50.0, 52.1, and 64.0%, respectively, compared with acetone solvent treatment. The antimicrobial compounds effective against R. solani were identified as linolenic acid and caffeic acid by bioautography and GC-MS. These two compounds were used to treat six phytopathogens to confirm their antimicrobial activities. Linolenic acid inhibited mycelial growth of R. solani, while caffeic acid showed only slight antimicrobial activity. Results indicated that we propose extracts from tomato leaves which included antimicrobial compounds may provide a new lead in the pursuit of new biological sources of agrochemical candidates.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2016

Enterovirus is a common cause of several severe diseases such as myocarditis, hand-foot-mouth disease, and meningitis in children and adult. There are many try to develop new antiviral drug for direct treatment in virus infection. However, synthetic chemical antiviral drug is not working. To overcome this limitation, we examined plant extracts. The antiviral effect of plant extracts was screened by HeLa cell survival assay in coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection. We observed a strong antiviral effect of Poria cocos extract in a dose-dependent manner (1 mg/ml~0.01 mg/ml). P. cocos extract (1 mg/ml) treatment was dramatically decreased virus protease 2A induced eIF4G-I cleavage and virus capsid protein VP1 production. CVB3 positive and negative strand RNA amplification were significantly reduced in P. cocos extract treatment. P. cocos extract completely blocked early time activation of ERK and AKT activity in CVB3 infection. Taken together these data indicate that the treatment of P. cocos extract strongly inhibit CVB3 replication. Poria cocos extract may possible to developed as a therapeutic agent for enterovirus.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.45-53
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to determine the neuroprotective effects of the water and 80% EtOH extract of some herbal medicine plant on ischemia reperfusion-induced cell death in SK-N-SH human brain neuronal cells. Methods : SK-N-SH cells were treated with 3mM sodium azide and 10 mM 2-deoxy-D-glucose for 45 min, ptior to the addition of different concentrations of herbal medicine plant extract (0, 10, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, 1000 ${\mu}g/ml$) for 2 hr and then reperfused with growth medium, incubated for 24 h. Cell viability was determined by WST-1 assay, and ATP/ADP levels were measured by ADP/ATP ratio assay kit. Results : Herbal medicine plant extract significantly inhibited decreasing the cell viability in ischemia-induced SK-N-SH cells. Also increased the ratio of ADP/ATP in ischemia-induced neuronal cells. Conclusions : Our results suggest that herbal medicine plant extract has a neuroprotective property via increasing the energy levels in neuronal cells, suggesting that extract may has a therapeutic potential in the treatment of ischemic brain injury. The exact component and mechanism remains for the future study.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.85-92
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• 2001

The effect of Dolichos lablab leave extract on enzyme activities in mice blood was investigated in this study to clarify the new useful application of the Plant leaves. There were not significant differences in the enzyme activities in mice blood among treatment fed with the leave extract and non fed control. The feeding treatment with the extract showed a tendency to activity compared to the nun fed control. The activities of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase in mice blood at the treatment fed with lead and the leave extract were significantly low compared to their activities at the non fed treatment with the extract, respectively. The choline esterase activity was high at the leave extract feeding. The cadmium dietary treatment showed the same result as the lead treatment. In conclusion, the physiological function of the Jebikong leave was significantly in creased when the mice was stressed by the hear metal intake. Therefore, the plant leave extract would consider the reduction of heart metal effect.