• Plant Journal
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.62-67
• /
• 2009

The capability of design and engineering of global EPC companies has long been equalized through past similar construction experiences. Among various key factors in the success of EPC project, the capability of engineering is considered to be the most important factor since the engineering is preceding activities of EPC contract. The failure of engineering may adversely affect the subsequent procurement & construction activities and in turn may cause cost overrun or schedule delay. Therefore, an EPC company needs to continue to improve the engineering capabilities for the success of project. The engineering capabilities can be further improved if the EPC company should prevent recurrence of similar design faults that were previously committed. This study is intended to present how to make the most of the failure examples from previous projects towards a success of project. Failure is but a stepping stone to success. The EPC company can obtain useful lessons from the analysis of past failure examples.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.18
• /
• pp.189-218
• /
• 2002

The EPC/Turnkey Contract goes to the extreme in allocating risks to the contractor and depending on the types of project, this may be regarded as unacceptable. It has also gone to the extreme in the extent to which the contractor is responsible for the specification and design of the Works. The employer is not responsible for correctness of any information provided by him nor for correctness of any specification or other matter included in the Employer's Requirements, except the definition of the intended purpose and criteria for testing and performance. With such conditions it is surprising that the employer is entitled to interfere in the contractors performance to an extent that is close to what is norm for a construction contract with employer design and with normal risk allocation. The combination of risk allocation and inappropriate administrative provisions makes the EPC/Turnkey Contract a document that will meet severe resistance from contractors. It is also likely that employers will see the risks and difficulties from their own perspective. It is a fiction that the EPC/Turnkey Contract will give the employer a contact with a certainty of final price and completion date. It is not a fiction that the EPC/Turnkey Contract carries many seeds for disputes between the parties. The Orange Book has become an accepted document even if it clearly contains some weaknesses. Some of these have been corrected in the Plant Contract. In my opinion FIDIC should let users become more familiar with the Plant Contract as a follow up to the Orange Book.

• Plant Journal
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.32-45
• /
• 2015

중동지역을 필두로 하여, 국내건설사들은 시공분야에서의 높은 경쟁력을 바탕으로 매년 놀라운 속도로 해외 플랜트 EPC 건설시장에서의 점유율을 높여 나가고 있다. 2012년에는 전 세계 건설시장의 8.1%를 점유하며, 이탈리아를 제치고 역대 최고인 세계 6위의 건설 강국으로서의 면모를 과시하기도 하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 그간 수주 자체를 목적으로 한 저가입찰 등과 같이 리스크를 간과한 무리한 수주는 폭탄의 뇌관을 건드리는 격이 되었고, 결국 2013년 일부 대형 건설업체들은 해외 사업장에서 대규모 손실을 경험하였다. 이와 더불어, 해외 대규모 EPC 플랜트 사업의 수주금액이 급증하여 한 개의 사업에서 발생되는 손실이 기업의 총체적 경영에도 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있게 됨에 따라, EPC 플랜트 건설사업의 잠재 손실의 원인을 최소화하고 건설사들의 지속적인 성장을 가능하게하기 위해서 리스크를 효율적으로 관리해야 하는 필요성은 더욱 증가하였다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 해외건설시장 중, 중동지역에서 EPC 형태로 발주되는 발전플랜트 건설사업의 리스크 요인들을 발굴하고, AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) 기법을 사용하여 리스크 요인들 간의 우선순위를 정량적으로 도출하여, 국내건설사들이 중동지역의 EPC 사업수행 현장에서 효율적으로 리스크를 관리할 수 있도록 도움을 주고자 하였다.

• Plant Journal
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.66-73
• /
• 2009

This study aims to develop a strategy for South Korean companies to penetrate into the global NPP(nuclear power plant) market with their strength as the sixth biggest nuclear power generator in the world. With 20 nuclear plants in commercial operation and 6 more in construction, South Korea has the best technology in construction and operation of NPP. Despite these capabilities as demonstrated on its domestic market, Korean companies' constraint to enter and play a key role in global NPP market would be the lack of experience in overseas NPP projects, original technologies, and diplomatic effectiveness. This study analyzes the competitiveness of Korean standardized nuclear power plant, construction management skills, construction technologies, manufacturing equipment and materials and operation skills. In this research the current status of existing NPP and the forecast of building NPP according to countries was analyzed in order to work out strategies with technology, cost-effectiveness, and diplomatic consideration.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
• /
• 2015.10a
• /
• pp.629-630
• /
• 2015

'Sabine Pass Liquefaction Project (SPL Project)', a case study in this report, is the first construction project of a U.S. liquefaction facility for shale gas export overseas. This study analyzes the SPL Project to give understanding and a guideline to Korean EPC companies by benchmarking about effective risk-sharing strategies on EPC contracts. This study consists of three parts. The first summarizes the liquefaction process adopted on the SPL Project, named the 'ConocoPhillips Optimized Cascade Process', and compares it with other competitive liquefaction processes. The second introduces the unique features of the SPL EPC contract by comparing it with two other EPC forms of contracts: a FIDIC Silver Book for onshore plant projects and a contract of an offshore oil production (FPSO) project. The third focuses on the complexity of project financing (PF), especially lenders control and impact on the EPC contract such as covenant provisions to constrain variations and changes on the EPC Contract. From these conclusions, it is anticipated that this case study can provide a guideline for successful performance of Korean EPC contractors overseas.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2013.05a
• /
• pp.298-300
• /
• 2013

Depending on the very large and complicated of the LNG plant project, for the successful execution of the project, the operating system that is seamlessly integrated in EPC phase is needed. Therefore, we surveyed and analyzed the PMIS development and application status in domestic and international plant construction. Based on the results of the research, we proposed the development direction for PMIS in LNG plant construction.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.76-84
• /
• 2020

The rate of application of the modular plant in the plant industry is increasing, and for the success of the modularization projects, it is essential to develop and implement a systemized methodology across all phases of the project. However, Korean EPC firms lack project management capability when it comes to apply standardized methodology. Therefore, it is important to establish and systematize the cost/schedule integrated management method which are the two core elements of project management technology. This study was conducted to develop a methodology and guidelines for integrated management process for modular plant projects. The researchers developed a methodology for planning and managing cost and schedule, and integrated by module unit. Integrated cost and schedule methodology and guidelines developed can be used for various EPC modular plant projects to enhance the efficiency of project management.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.95-104
• /
• 2019

EPC plant projects are large and complex, requiring systematic working methodologies, accumulated data, and thorough planning through communications between the entities. In this study, the method of extracting the process planning information using asset data of the plant project and using it to present the initial process plan is presented through the concept of IAP(Interactive Planning). In order to carry out the effective IAP at the early stage of the project, this study extracted the schedule element information from the asset data, created the process plan for each work package, and applied it to the sample project case. Through the proposed IAP methodology, it is possible to promote the utilization of asset data, to identify schedule risks, and to develop countermeasures, which can form the basis for establishing the process management strategy to successfully complete the project.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.287-293
• /
• 1996

The effect of taxol and ethyl-N-phenylcarbamate (EPC) on the growth and gravitropism of maize roots and coleoptiles was studied. Taxol is known to promote the assembly of microtubules (MTs) and stabilizes MTs by preventing depolymerization. EPC, on the contrary, is an anti-microtubule drug that promotes disassembly of MTs. Taxol, at 1 $\mu$M, inhibited gravitropic response of maize roots to about 40%, but did not inhibit growth; at 10 $\mu$M, it inhibited the gravitropic response of coleoptile segments of maize by approximately 50%, but did not inhibit growth, while 0.5 mM EPC inhibited both the gravitropic response and growth of maize roots by approximately 50%. Taxol, which inhibited the gravitropic response of maize roots and coleoptile segments, had no effect on either the polar or the bilateral transport of auxin. These results indicated that MT polymerization could not occur normally with taxol or EPC, so that if there was any abnormal rearrangement of MT, the gravitropic response was inhibited, which resulted from the inhibition of neither growth nor auxin transport. This results suggested that gravitropic response was related to the MT arrangement, and that both straight growth and the differential growth in gravitropic response could be regulated by different mechanisms.

• Plant Journal
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.73-78
• /
• 2008

The public-private cooperation in package deal has been studied for the overseas energy resources acquisition. The effectiveness of the package deal has not been successful because the deal has led by the government organizations. It is difficult for the plant EPC companies to join the packaged deal due to the lack of the whole responsibility organization to support the participation of the package deal. The followings are suggested as the ways to strengthen of the public-private cooperation in this study. 1) the relevant public enterprise privatization 2) establishment of the joint model for leading the plant EPC companies to the package deal 3) establishment of the whole responsibility organization for the public-private cooperation.