• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.467-483
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• 2007

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a kind of planning technique to seek ways to minimize environmental impact, a scheme to encourage sustainable development. With the launch of the Ministry of Environment in 1980, the EIA was introduced in Korea. Its full operation was initially driven by regulations on documenting EIA reports in 1981, which was piloted as a decision-making scheme where final decision were made at the development department after considering opinions suggested by the Ministry of Environment. At that time, dominance of the economic logic overwhelmed environ-friendly opinions, but thanks to the fourth revision of the Environmental Conservation Law in 1986, private projects came to be included on the EIA list. This was a turning point for the EIA to become a regulatory system. Local governments are also conducting the EIA regardless of the national-level EIA. In order to prevent and resolve increasingly severe environmental problems in Seoul in advance due to various construction projects, the Seoul Metropolitan Government, for the first time as a local government in Korea, legislated city decrees to introduce the EIA which has been underway from September 1, 2002. In particular, the Seoul government, unlike the Ministry of Environment, has included construction works on the list of evaluation projects, adopting the scoping and screen procedure scheme. In addition, complementing operational setbacks, the city government has revised and implemented decrees and enforcement laws on the Impact Assessment on Environment, Transportation and Disasters by shortening the consultation period, eliminating the submission of reports on construction, and expanding the waiver requirements in consultation over the reports. Therefore, development measures for the EIA scheme of the Seoul Metropolitan Government will be the target of the research. To that end, the up-to-date data of the Ministry of Environment, the Seoul government and local governments was collected, and latest materials from the EU, previous research and the Internet were gathered for analyses. By doing so, the flow of the EIA was reviewed, and the EIA schemes of local governments under the national EIA were analyzed. Furthermore, based on the Seoul government's recent data on the EIA based on the decrees, the background and legislation of the Seoul government's EIA were analyzed along with the developments for the environmental organizations. Setbacks were derived from the implementation period, evaluation procedures, consultation period and details of the EIA, and corresponding development measures were proposed.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.305-315
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• 2005

The scheme to classify pollution sources in Korean TMDL planning has been pointed out too much complex to implement practically because of requiring a wide range of items to be collected from a field. Within a deficient situation to collect field data, the mathematical scheme that focuses only on counting an uniform area ratio of the different land uses to estimate of pollutant loads from individual sub-catchments has been used without taking into account of the spatial characteristics of major land uses as well as the locations of pollution sources in each sub-catchment. It would cause to significant level of errors to estimate the pollution loads. Therefore, this study proposes a renovated scheme that can be adopted more easily to classify pollution sources in the watershed and reduce the estimation errors in the spatial distribution of pollution sources by introducing a spatial analysis based on digital land cover maps. In order to estimate a unit area to calculate the uniform pollution load, the pollution response unit area that is locating spatially at the same place and having same land use is identified through the application of GIS overlay technique. Unlikely existing conventional method to calculate the pollution load based on equal distribution of pollutants for each administrative boundary, it is assumed that the pollution load from household and livestock sources are generated and washed off from only residential areas. While, pollution from business population comes from commercial area and industrial load from wastewater discharge facilities are from industrial areas. From comparison of the calculated results from the existing the method and the proposed one, it is found that although the estimation of pollution load from sub-catchment in the case of the existing conventional method application results in negligible difference in total pollution amounts from the whole area of Wangsook watershed as a study area, significant difference of pollution load among sub-catchment in which pollution response unit areas are diverse, however, appears in the case of the application of the renovated scheme.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.295-301
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• 2017

Recently, autonomous navigation technology, obstacle recognition, and obstacle collision avoidance technology are actively being developed for an unmanned surface vehicle (USV). The path to move from the current location to the destination should be planned, in order for an USV to autonomously operate safely to its destination. The dynamic window approach (DWA) is a well-known navigation scheme as a local path planning. The DWA algorithm derives the linear velocity and angular velocity by evaluating the destination direction, velocity, and distance from the obstacle. However, because DWA algorithm does not consider tracking the path, when using only the DWA algorithm, the ship may navigate away from the path line after avoiding obstacles. In this paper, we propose an improved DWA algorithm that can follow path line. And we implemented the simulation and compared the existing DWA algorithm with the improved DWA algorithm proposed in this paper. As a result, it is confirmed that the proposed DWA algorithm follows the path line better.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.145-158
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• 2015

A network connectivity has been regarded as a key element to strengthen a business competitive power in the aviation industry, so many airport authorities try to attract the new airlines and scheme out new air routes. With this trend, a study for an induced travel demand estimation methodology is needed. This study introduces a demand estimation method, especially for a new air route to a promising destination. With the results of previous studies, the derived demand is classified into four types - Local, Beyond, Behind and Bridge. The explanatory variables are established for each type of demand and the main independent variables are composed of distance, ratio of detour, and relative capacity compared with other airports. The equations using such variables and statistically significant coefficients are suggested as the model to make an estimation of derived demand for a new route. Therefore this study will be expected to take an initial step for all related parties to be involved more deeply into developing new air routes to enhance network connectivity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.7 no.1 s.13
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• pp.61-76
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• 2001

During the performance of large scale tidal land reclamation project along the coast line, the construction of large scale structures such as sea-dikes, closing estuaries will induce big changes of near-shore hydraulic behavior. In this paper, its is aimed to verify the change of tide and currents after the construction of sea-dike of the Saemangeum project along the coast line. Numerical scale model "TRISULA" which development by Delft Hydraulics in the Netherlands was used. "TRISULA" is adopting the finite difference numerical scheme, and mostly using for hydro-dynamic solution along the sea and estuaries. Model boundary is covering $100{\times}170$ Km and constructed with $133{\times}337$ grids. Outer side boundary is divided 48 sections, and input 37 tidal components are gained from another big scale numerical "Yellow Sea" model. Model calibrations & verifications were performed th field tide & current datas which were measured along sea-dike alignment during Aug. $1997{\sim}Apr$. 1999. And then, numerical simulation with the tide condition dated 17 Apr. 1999 was performed with & without sea-dike construction condition for the comparison. Evaluated boundary is 20 km out-side from sea-dike alignment. Four cross lanes were set up, each of lane contains 3 points, for the comparison of sea-dike construction effects. Results showing the tidal amplitude is reducing approximately 20 cm after the construction of sea-dike during spring tide condition, amplitude 6.9m. Currents after construction of sea-dikes along the alignment, the northern part shows 50%(inner), 90%(outer) and the southern part shows 10%(inner) 50%(outer) of the currents before construction.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.5-16
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• 2009

The importance of playground, which is a central place in the outdoor space scheme for apartment and in children's outdoor activity, is increasing. The stature and availability in playground may be varied according to connection between playground and outdoor space and to characteristics of outdoor space. The purpose of this study is to arrange basic data in guidelines of a planning for supporting children's development and for activating its use in the apartment housing. This study conducted the field survey and questionnaire research after selecting 4-case apartment complexes based on the relevant preceding research. The survey results are as follows. Children were recognizing and preferring the playground as the central space in outdoor play activity. Mothers were preferring outdoor space adjacent to playground. There were the most responses with saying that a mother takes to play with a child. Children responded that the use of playground and the rides are the outdoor activity that they do the most. And, it was surveyed that there is difference in dweller's using playground by apartment complex according to characteristics of a planning for outdoor space. Given being connected with square with segregation of pedestrian and vehicle and with the resting space, the availability in playground was the highest. The availability in playground, which has high connection with diversely outdoor space elements while having good accessibility to the apartment building, was surveyed to be high. Playground had high preference in case of being connected with waterfront and resting space, rather than green zone. Diverse environmental artifacts and decorative fence may become a visually stimulus source that can activate the use of playground.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.24-33
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• 1990

Since a number of welding points are distributed in an automobile part, the number of welding points alloted to each robot are large. So, there is an increasing need of an optimal sequence planning to minimize the total welding time. In this paper, an off-line programming scheme for effective teaching of a spot welding robot is presented. A collision free, optimal welding sequence planning is done through applying the modified Traveling Salesman Problem algorithm. Also, a data extraction method from an existing general CAD system is presented for reuse of the existing exact model data produced by a model designer and easy constructing the world model data base. The result show that the proposed system could enhance the efficiency of spot welding robot in automobile industry.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.195-203
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• 2013

This study aimed to plan a distinctive apple theme park, thereby specializing the nationwide brand of Cheongsong apple. Detailed objectives included: to establish the best possible environments in Korea to taste and appreciate apple and enjoy the Cheongsong Apple Festival; to identify and foster natural, cultural and social resources in the clean environment of Cheongsong; to clusterize research and production infrastructures for strengthening local competitiveness; and to develop a hub for the vitalization of the region where visitors and locals can mutually prosper. The study was multi-phased. The first stage included basic surveys such as local status and environment analysis and similar case studies, and the second stage was to review the appropriateness of theme selection, develop basic principles and strategies for development goals and review and incorporate project details. And the third stage aimed to develop a comprehensive plan from spatial plans and program plans and suggest plans to vitalize the operation of the park. The dimension of the subject site was $180,150m^2$, which was divided into four areas, in consideration of the land use and the environmental characteristics of the resources, for developing a land use scheme. The four areas were named: the apple-theme cultual area; the agricultural culture experience area; the plaza for exchange and harmony; and the plaza for natural observation. This study has significance in that it can serve as a case to develop farm theme parks, and as a case of appropriate development of programs to identify amenity resources with a focus on the existing resources and in consideration of local characteristics.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Background: Though the biomass of floral vegetation in understory plant communities in a forested ecosystem only accounts for less than 1% of the total biomass of a forest, they contain most of the floral resources of a forest. The diversity of understory honey plants determines visitation rate of pollinators such as honey bee (Apis mellifera) as they provide rich food resources. Since the flower visitation and foraging activity of pollinators lead to the provision of pollination service, it also means the enhancement of plant-pollinator relationship. Therefore, an appropriate management scheme for understory vegetation is essential in order to conserve pollinator population that is decreasing due to habitat destruction and disease infection. This research examined the diversity of understory honey plant and studied how it is related to environmental variables such as (1) canopy density, (2) horizontal heterogeneity of canopy surface height, (3) slope gradient, and (4) distance from roads. Vegetation survey data of 39 plots of mixed forests in Chuncheon, Korea, were used, and possible management practices for understory vegetation were suggested. Results: This study found that 113 species among 141 species of honey plant of the forests were classified as understory vegetation. Also, the understory honey plant diversity is significantly positively correlated with distance from the nearest road and horizontal heterogeneity of canopy surface height and negatively correlated with canopy density. Conclusions: The diversity of understory honey plant vegetation is correlated to vegetation structure and human impact. In order to enhance the diversity of understory honey plant, management of density and height of canopy is necessary. This study suggests that improved diversity of canopy cover through thinning of overstory vegetation can increase the diversity of understory honey plant species.

• Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.41-48
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• 2011

Pedestrian environment not only affects the quantitative degree in pedestrian movement, but also an impact on the local economics and environment that speaks within the greater dialogue of the qualitative life in an urban context. Recent urban planning issues have matured from a linear street development to a conversion of pedestrian friendly streets that synchronizes the entire pedestrian movement structures as a whole. Subject cases, Myung-Dong and Kwanchul-Dong, were selected from time regulated pedestrian streets in Seoul. Analysis of these streets was done through field studies and interviews. From the research, the outcome was helpful in providing the developers a greater perspective with the pedestrian movement structure that is not confined to a certain parameter, but in a larger scale within the urban environment. It was also useful in justifying ambiguous locations of pedestrian-only streets and crosswalks. Also, It aided in planning optimal scheme that concurs with the predictable pedestrian movement.