• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.4 s.51
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• pp.62-69
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• 2005

This study shows the present conditions and the appraisal of Public-Toilet in ammusement park of Kangwon-Do. The areas of Public-Toilets are various from over $30m^2\;to\;230m^2$ and the construction costs are also various. The exterior designs aim at Provincial characteristics, traditional images, or modem minimal styles. The floor plans are usually symmetric forms by rectangular or circular spaces. There are some laws and manuals from related association to regulate Public-Toilet. By appraising with these laws and manuals we can notice that there are many problems to improve in Public-Toilet. As the survey, we can find that the unpreparedness of the cognition equipment about whether someone uses the public-toilet has most frequency in related laws. And by the laws about multipurpose toilet, the insufficiency of the accessing space to the chamber pot has most frequency. By the manual of related association, there are much more indications - for example, the unpreparedness of wind protection room or etiquette bell, so on - than by related laws. For the improvement of the culture In Public-Toilet, we should not only improve the related laws, but also activate the deliberation about the appropriate planning in Public-Toilet.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.35-43
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze emergy flows of rice for evaluating the value of rice production and sustainability. Emergy analysis evaluates the sustainability of systems or processes considering all the inputs to make a product or a sevice. In this study, we analyzed the emergy flows and indices of rice productionand compared the regional emergy values using statisticcal analysis: input materials, hours per unit area(10a), and production costs. As the results, we found that the rates of external investment (EIR= 18.87) and environmental loading (ELR=21.7) are significantly high during the rice cultivation. However, emergy yield ratio(EYR) shows that rice is a valuable resource because EYR is 5.12 and environmental Sustainability IndexSI value is as low as 0.24 and it shows rice has low sustainability. This study also shows that Chungcheongnam-do has the highest SI value for rice production due to low environmental loading and abundant natural energy during rice cultivation. These results of rice emergy flows and sustainability assessments could provide a way of sustainable rice cultivation with decrease of environmental loading from fertilizer.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.18-34
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• 1990

In light of the recent developments of transitory nature, it is likely that national defense decision-making will be more difficult to make for years to come. In other words, sudden changes in security environment would call into question the basic assumptions on which we have built our national defense planning and increase the number of the uncertain factors in the decision-making process; the subdivision and ramification of national defense management would increase the factors for decision-making and complicate even further the mutual interactions among these factors; the accelerated pace of sophistication and diversification of weapon systems and military technology would increase the risk of failure and system costs geometrically; and the reduced level of acceptance among the people on the sanctification of national defense in proportion to the rapid progress toward a more democratic and industrial society would engender an increased criticism or checking role by the National Assembly or by the mass media. As the changes in national defense environment and conditions create an innumerable number of new tasks, this paper intends to suggest a few core policy measures to improve the quality of national defense decision-making. More specifically, it proposes to 1) eradicate entirely the bureaucratic behavior and tendencies; 2) utilize actively the brain staff for quality assurance of decision-making; 3) and introduce and apply as a whole set, a total system, or an incorporated pack age the PPBEES(Planning-Programming-Budgeting-Executing-Evaluating-System)/LCMM (Life-Cycle Management Model for System Acquision), the OR/SA(Operations Research/Systems Analysis), and DMIS (Defense Management Information System).

• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.101-116
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• 2018

Paying an attention to the issue of energy poverty of low-income households and ensuing regressivity of energy consumption, this study empirically analyzes the effects of both household and housing characteristics on heating energy consumption in an integrated way and identifies their causal structure based on the 2016 Korea Housing Survey data provided by the Korean government. Multiple regression analysis shows that household income and deteriorated level of housing, such as age and degree of cracks have positive effects and floor area of housing has a negative effect on the heating energy consumption per unit area of housing (HECPUH). Path analyses further reveal that the direct effect of household income on HECPUH is offset by the indirect effects that are mediated by deteriorated level and floor area of housing, making the total effect statistically insignificant. As a result, there is no significant difference in HECPUH across all income strata, implying that low-income (high-income) households pay more (less) heating costs relative to their income level, since they reside in the houses with relatively low (high) energy efficiency. To deal with this regressive causal structure of energy consumption, a policy option is recommended to improve energy efficiency of low-income housing through the government assistance in its maintenance and repair.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.149-158
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• 2024

This paper presents a robust autonomous navigation and reconnaissance system for tracked robots, designed to handle complex multi-floor indoor environments with stairs. We introduce a localization algorithm that adjusts scan matching parameters to robustly estimate positions and create maps in environments with scarce features, such as narrow rooms and staircases. Our system also features a path planning algorithm that calculates distance costs from surrounding obstacles, integrated with a specialized PID controller tuned to the robot's differential kinematics for collision-free navigation in confined spaces. The perception module leverages multi-image fusion and camera-LiDAR fusion to accurately detect and map the 3D positions of objects around the robot in real time. Through practical tests in real settings, we have verified that our system performs reliably. Based on this reliability, we expect that our research team's autonomous reconnaissance system will be practically utilized in actual disaster situations and environments that are difficult for humans to access, thereby making a significant contribution.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.29-35
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• 2024

The Facility Modernization Policy for Improvement of Fruits Quality was implemented to improve the competitiveness of the domestic fruit tree sector, and as a result of analyzing samples of participating and non-participating farmers, it is judged to have contributed to the improvement of high-quality fruit production. As a result of analysis using the propensity score matching method, it was found that the Facility Modernization Policy for apple farms contributed to the improvement of fruit quality such as sweetness and high-quality product ratio. In addition, the fruit tree high-quality facility modernization project was found to reduce working hours by about 30 hours per 10a. In the case of grapes, it contributed to quality improvement, including increased sugar content, and reduced working hours by about 15.5 hours per 10a. This study has a limitation in that the number of samples subject to the survey is not large enough, and because of this, it appears that no statistically significant differences in performance variables such as production per unit area and management costs per unit area were found between participating and non-participating farms.

• The Journal of Small Business Innovation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2017

This study examined whether divided and spun-off companies design and execute spin-offs to minimize tax burdens by analyzing multiple spin-off transactions in the Dongbu Group, when the Korean tax law regarding corporate restructuring was amended in July 2010. Before the July 2010 tax amendment, taxes on the capital gains arising from the qualifying spin-off were deferred to the earlier of the shares in or assets acquired by the spun-off company are disposed. This tax treatment relieves the divided company's tax burden by deferring taxes on capital gains, compared with non-qualifying spin-offs. However, if shares in or assets acquired by the spun-off company are disposed after the July 2010 tax amendment, the capital gain incurred at the time of the qualifying spin-off would be taxed again at the spun-off company, in addition to a taxation on the divided company's capital gains. This creates double taxation implications for the parties involved in the spin-off. As a result, the double taxation may outweigh the benefit from the tax deferral on the qualifying spin-off, which may make a qualifying spin-off tax unfavorable. Among the four spin-off cases in the Dongbu Group addressed in this study, a spin-off occurred before the tax amendment, whereas three spin-offs occurred after the tax amendment. Initially, we expected that the spin-off before the tax amendment would be a qualifying spin-off, and the other three spin-offs would be non-qualifying spin-offs, considering the taxation rules before and after the July 2010 tax amendment. However, based on the review of summarized balance sheets disclosed in the spin-offs' corporate filings, no capital gains arose during the four spin-offs that occurred in the Dongbu Group. Therefore, we concluded that the Dongbu Group considered non-tax factors more than tax factors while designing and executing the spin-offs. The local media posited during this period that these spin-offs may intend to resolve financial issues in the Dongbu Group, and this analysis was supported by the fact that some shares in the new spun-off companies were sold by the Dongbu Group. Our case studies provide evidence that all costs, including both tax and non-tax costs, must be considered in the course of spin-offs, in addition to the tax burdens on all parties involved in the corporate restructuring, which parallels the work of Scholes et al. (2008). This study provides implications that various aspects should be considered and reviewed in advance when the management makes decisions for effective tax planning.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.570-586
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of middle-aged retirement planning on individual's quality of life and overall satisfaction, and moderating effects of social and psychological sense of crisis, and the differences of measured variables in the demographic characteristics. Retirement planning that may be the most important factor in the country's social costs is aimed to provide a basis for fixing the interest in advance of retirement planning training and retirement. The subjects are workers who live in the Seoul metropolitan area and Gyonggi-do. Total sample size is 350, then 335 samples were collected on the data. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, house ownership and education level among demographic variables affects satisfaction of their life. People who do not own a house shows higher satisfaction, and higher education level affects satisfaction positively. Second, satisfaction is affected by transition to rest negatively, on the other hand, it is affected by expect of new beginning positively. Besides, No moderating effect of social and psychological crisis showed that negative life evaluation role to the independent variables. Third, cognitive information is affected by transition to rest and imposed disruption positively. Besides, job dissatisfaction adjusts between them. Fourth, improvement of life quality is not affected by expect of the retirement planning. On the other hand, there is not moderating effects of social and psychological sense of crisis.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.77-95
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• 2004

According to the increase of organizational complexity and the change of rapid information technology environment, many firms have shifted their information technology(IT) strategy from developing information systems in-house to purchasing application software such as Enterprise Resource Planning(ERP) Systems. Marketing and Sales functions within a Korean automotive part company include developing new assembly products, determining pricing, taking customer's orders, and shipping assembly products to customers. Marketing and Sales Information System(MSIS) in ERP system plays an important role in next Production Planning process. MSIS also makes management reporting and decision making faster and more uniform throughout an organization. MSIS promotes thinking about corporate goals, as opposed to thinking only about the goals of a single department or functional area. This paper intends to design and implement a MSIS in ERP systems for Korean automotive part company using object-oriented methodology In order to accomplish the implementation of MSIS in ERP system, we employed UML as its standard modeling language. In this study, four diagramming techniques such as use case diagram, sequence diagram, class diagram, component diagram among eight modeling techniques are used for analyzing hierarchical business process. In traditional marketing and sales function, a company with an unintegrated information system can have marketing and sales data that is data redundant or inaccurate. MSIS integrated in ERP system can solve the sales forecast problem, which minimizes the total costs of production, inventory, and transportation under constraints of production capacity. Also, the use of UML methodology makes S/W programmers shorten the phase of analysis and design in the implementation of MSIS system, and increase the reuse of software and the interoperability with corporate internal Information system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 1999.12a
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• pp.21-25
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• 1999

Planning support systems(PSS) add more advanced spatial analysis functions than Geographic information systems(GIS) and intertemporal functions to the functions of spatial decision support systems(SDSS). This paper reports the continuing development of a PSS providing a framework that facilitates urban planners and civil engineers in conducting coherent deliberations about planning, design and operation & maintenance(O&M) of water-distribution networks for urban growth management. The PSS using dynamic optimization model, modeling-to-generate-alternatives, value engineering(VE) and life-cycle cost(LCC) can generate network alternatives in consideration of initial cost and O&H cost. Users can define alternatives by the direct manipulation of networks or by the manipulation of parameters in the models. The water-distribution network analysis model evaluates the performance of the user-defined alternatives. The PSS can be extended to include the functions of generating sewer network alternatives, combining water-distribution and sewer networks, eventually the function of planning, design and O&H of housing sites. Capacity expansion by the dynamic water-distribution network optimization model using MINLP includes three advantages over capacity expansion using optimal control theory(Kim and Hopkins 1996): 1) finds expansion alternatives including future capacity expansion times, sizes, locations, and pipe types of a water-distribution network provided, 2) has the capabilities to do the capacity expansion of each link spatially and intertemporally, and 3) requires less interaction between models. The modeling using MINLP is limited in addressing the relationship between cost, price, and demand, which the optimal control approach can consider. Strictly speaking, the construction and O&M costs of water-distribution networks influence the price charged for the served water, which in turn influence the. This limitation can be justified in rather small area because price per unit water in the area must be same as that of neighboring area, i.e., the price is determined administratively. Planners and engineers can put emphasis on capacity expansion without consideration of the relationship between cost, price, and demand.