Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7851/ksrp.2014.20.4.035

Emergy Evaluation of Resource Values for Rice Paddy Production in South Korea  

Lee, Jimin (Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University)
Kim, Taegon (Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University)
Suh, Kyo (Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning / v.20, no.4, 2014 , pp. 35-43 More about this Journal
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze emergy flows of rice for evaluating the value of rice production and sustainability. Emergy analysis evaluates the sustainability of systems or processes considering all the inputs to make a product or a sevice. In this study, we analyzed the emergy flows and indices of rice productionand compared the regional emergy values using statisticcal analysis: input materials, hours per unit area(10a), and production costs. As the results, we found that the rates of external investment (EIR= 18.87) and environmental loading (ELR=21.7) are significantly high during the rice cultivation. However, emergy yield ratio(EYR) shows that rice is a valuable resource because EYR is 5.12 and environmental Sustainability IndexSI value is as low as 0.24 and it shows rice has low sustainability. This study also shows that Chungcheongnam-do has the highest SI value for rice production due to low environmental loading and abundant natural energy during rice cultivation. These results of rice emergy flows and sustainability assessments could provide a way of sustainable rice cultivation with decrease of environmental loading from fertilizer.
Keywords
Emergy analysis; Sustainability; Rice cultivation; Regional comparison;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 6  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Bastianoni, S., Marchettini, N., Panzieri, M., and Tiezzi, E. 2001. Sustainability assessment of a farm in the Chianti area (Italy). Journal of Cleaner Production 9, 365-373.   DOI
2 Brandt-Williams, S., 2001. Handbook of Emergy evaluation: A compendium of data for emergy computation issued in a series of folios. Folio# 4. Emergy of Florida Agriculture, 32611-6450.
3 Brown, M. T., and Ulgiati, S. 1997. Emergy-based indices and ratios to evaluate sustainability: monitoring economies and technology toward environmentally sound innovation. Ecological engineering, 9(1), 51-69.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Brown, M. T., and Ulgiati, S. 2004. Energy quality, emergy, and transformity: HT Odum's contributions to quantifying and understanding systems. Ecological Modelling, 178(1), 201-213.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Buenfil, A. A., 2001. Emergy evaluation of water, Doctoral dissertation, University of Florida
6 Campbell D.E., Brandt-Williams, S.L., Meisch, M.E.A, 2005. Environmental accounting using emergy: evaluation of the state of West Virginia. USEPA Research Report, EPA/600/R-05/006
7 Kim J., Kang, H., Shin, S. M., 2013, A Study about regional water footprint of rice production in agriculture industry, Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 35(11), 827-834.   과학기술학회마을   DOI
8 Choe, D. H., Kim, B. G., Sin, M. S., Nam, J. G., Jeong, J. I., Kim, G. Y., O, M. G., Ha, G. Y., Go, J. G., Lee, J. G., 2003, The Growth duration of rice cropping in unified Korea by analysis of daily mean air temperature characteristics, Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 5(3), 185-190.   과학기술학회마을
9 Im, J. B. and Han, D. B., 2003, The value of food security in Korea with self-will government model, KOREAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS 44(4), 59-77.
10 Kang, D., 2005, Emergy concept and ecosystem valuation, Korean society of civil engineers 53(8), 37-41.   과학기술학회마을
11 Kim, K. S., 1996, Public function evaluation of rice paddy, Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers 38(4), 27-33.
12 Kim, N. K., Kim, J. L., Park D. G., and Lee, S. M., 2008, A Study on the quantification of forest land values using the emergy synthesis, Journal of the environmental sciences 17(3), 305-314.   과학기술학회마을   DOI
13 Kong, K. S., Lee, C. L., and Lee M. H., 2013, Evaluating multifunctionality of rice-farming as regards climate change, Korean Journal of Agricultural Management and Policy 40(2), 352-380.
14 Lee, C. W., 1999, Study in Seoul environmental capacity assessment, The Seoul Institute Research Report
15 Lee, H. N., Lee, W. K., Kim, J. G., 2005, Emergy analysis of Korean agriculture, Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture 24(2), 169-179.   과학기술학회마을   DOI
16 Lee, J., 2012, Development of carbon traceability systems for agricultural products in Korea, Rural development administration
17 Odum, H.T. and E.P. Odum. 2000. The energetic basis for valuation of ecosystem services. Ecosystems 3:21-23   DOI
18 Liu, J. E., Lin, B. L. and Sagisaka, M., 2012. Sustainability assessment of bioethanol and petroleum fuel production in Japan based on emergy analysis. Energy Policy, 44, 23-33.   DOI
19 Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, 1999, The multifunctionality of paddy farming
20 New and Renewable Energy Data Center, Korean Institute of Energy Research, http://kredc.kier.re.kr/kier/
21 Odum, H.T., 1996. Environmental accounting, emergy and decision making. J. Wiley, NY.
22 Oh, S. I., Park, H. T., and Kang, C. Y., 1997, Environmental valuation of rice farming by the alternative method, Journal of Rural Development 20(1), 71-85.
23 Rim, B. H., 2013, A study on the environmental capacity sustainability assessment of Sejong city by emergy analysis, Master's Thesis, Kongju University
24 Saga, K., Yokoyama, S., and Imou, K. 2007. Net energy analysis of bioethanol production system from rice cropping. Journal of Japan Society of Energy and Resources, 29(1), 30-34.
25 Statistics Korea, 2013, Agricultural production costs statistics 2012, Daejeon
26 Ulgiati, S., and Brown, M. T., 1998. Monitoring patterns of sustainability in natural and man-made ecosystems. Ecological Modelling 108, 23-36.   DOI
27 Xi, Y. G., and Qin, P. 2009. Emergy evaluation of organic rice-duck mutualism system. ecological engineering, 35(11), 1677-1683.   DOI
28 Zhang, G., and Long, W., 2010. A key review on emergy analysis and assessment of biomass resources for a sustainable future. Energy Policy, 38(6), 2948-2955.   DOI
29 Yun, H. B., Kaown, D. I., Lee, J. S., Lee, Y. J., Kim, M. S., Song, Y. S., Lee, Y. B.. 2011, The nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium contents in organic fertilizer, Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer 44(3), 498-501.   과학기술학회마을   DOI