• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.38
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• pp.145-190
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• 2015

The objective of this paper is to investigate translated individual words in J. S. Gale's "Choon Yang" in comparison with its original OkJoongHwa("獄中花") while referring to early modern bilingual dictionaries and missionaries' ethnography. Gale faced a lot of translation difficulties because the source text had a very different cultural system from the object text. OkJoongHwa was a Korean pansori novel which meant it included many Korean characteristics. However, Gale considered its Korean characteristics were deeply connected with Chinese classics. Even famous people and place names cited from the Chinese classics in OkJoongHwa represented the Korean thinking. Gale tried to faithfully translate the source text as much as possible whether the words were Chinese or Korean. In this paper, we deal with mostly various translation aspects of the Chinese-letter words in OkJoongHwa. Gale's first method to translate words made of Chinese Character is transliteration, the examples of which are the name of Chinese famous people and places, and Chinese poems. The second method is to parallel transliteration and English interpretation equivalent to the Chinese Character. The examples are the names of main characters like "Spring Fragrance or Choonyang," "Mongyong, or Dream-Dragon" and in his translation of word play in Osa (Commissioner), or Kamsa (Governor), kaiksa (a dead beggar). The third is literal translation of Chinese idiomatic phrases as Gale translated 侵魚落雁 into "She'd make the fishes to sink and the wild-geese to drop from the sky." The fourth is a little free translation of the title of public office, the various names of Korean yamen servants and the unique Korean clothing and ornaments. We expect Gale's many translation difficulties as we can see the translated long list of yamen clerks and Korean clothing and ornaments. After our investigation of his translation practices in "Choon Yang" we conclude that he tried to translate its literary language very faithfully though he could not avoid inevitable loss caused by the cultural difference involved in two languages. Gale's "Choon Yang" contributed to introducing the uniqueness of the classical Korean novel and Korean culture to the world more than any other English translation works of that time through his faithful translation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.37-52
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• 2010

The main purpose of this study is to examine how place representation is related to the formation of urban parks in Seoul, which began at the end of the 19th century. In order to grasp place representation, the hypothesis of this study is that most urban parks are undertaken with the idea of monumentality and symbolism or memories of the place itself. Diverse ways of representation through physical or non-physical aspects of symbolism, monumentality, and place memory are summarized as follows. First, in the case of the physical aspects of representation in the parks, monumentality and symbolism are expressed mostly through monuments or statues. In the case that the intention of the park is commemorative, celebrative elements are more actively utilized. In other cases, symbolic sculptures or statues, which are randomly designated by the government, are so often used regardless of the overarching concept of the urban park. In addition, in the case of place memory, monumentality or symbolism are commonly represented through bronze statues or partial remnants of the past. Recently, however, the site in itself has been constructed to coordinate the memories of a certain place into the configuration of the park. Secondly, in relation to the non-physical representation elements, many urban parks tend to reveal monumentality or symbolism through the names they are given. Recently, this tendency has significantly dropped, but some places of parksare frequently denominated in consideration of place memory. In the case of events held in parks, parks which were constructed in the beginning of the park movement, such as Tapgol Park, hold certain events to commemorate certain causes that took place in those days. On the other hand, the main purpose of recently-constructed urban parks relating to place memory is to encourage citizens to participate in events in a variety of ways.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.340-353
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• 2012

Records found on labels of specimens deposited at University of Tokyo herbarium (TI) and references about Japanese naturalist, Tamezo Mori (1884-1964) were assembled to produce collector's itineraries from 1909 to 1916 in Korea. Mori collected large numbers of botanical specimens from different parts of the country. In August 1911 and 1912, Mori conducted botanical collections in Jeju and southern parts of Korean Peninsula. In 1913 major collections in North Korea by Mori took place in Mt. Baekdusan, Hamkyongnam-do. Following this exploration, in August 1916 Mori conducted another major collections in Pyeongannam-do and Hamgyeongnam-do. It is estimated that approximately 966 Korean specimens collected by Mori are currently held within the collections of The University of Tokyo herbarium (TI). Significantly these holdings also contain 46 type specimens (11 holotypes, 23 syntypes and 12 paratypes).

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.335-346
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• 2007

Road sign is one of the road attached facilities to provide conveniences to motor drivers. The setup of location information according to the related regulation and the inclusion of various attributes such as place names, route numbers, symbols, bearings, distances to the place of interest distinguish the road sign from other facilities. These features give advantages to the informationization of road sign. Presently there established about 130,000 road signs on each class of roads, and about 280 road management offices have controlled these road signs independently, but there are plethora of ineffectiveness such as the lack of consistency, recognition, connectivity, and location suitability etc. These are the major factor of confusions rather than providing conveniences, and arisen a lot of public grievances. Accordingly, in this research the road signs throughout the nation were databased and the web-GIS based road sign management system was established to ameliorate the problems reveled. Since the road sign management system we developed reflected the demands of the persons in charge and users, the management effectiveness might be enhanced and the public inconveniences will be reduced.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.96-109
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to sort out the plants in "The Book of Songs", and to analyze the cultural significance of plants from the viewpoint of the symbolic elements and the landscape elements in the 3~11 century BC. The conclusions are as follows. First, there were 147 plant names and 136 plant species in "The Book of Songs", and these results can confirm that the plants were existed in the 3~11 century BC. Second, through analyzing the cultural significance of the plants, cattail, lotus, etc. are the symbol of lovers; peony and willow are the symbol of farewell; bamboo is the symbol of gentleman; and Japanese pepper is the symbol of fecundity. Third, at the viewpoint of the landscape elements, the poplar, dwarf elm, etc. can be used as a place of affection; reed and nepenthe can make a place of melancholy, hazel and chestnut tree, etc. can make a place of power and position, celery and water shield etc. can be used as a place of knowledge. Based on the research of "The Book of Songs", it can help to understand the plants culture in 3~11 century BC, and it will be a useful information for the plant design.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.169-174
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• 1974

Duplication of the alimentary tract, especially of the esophagus, have been regarded as rare cong- enital anomalies. However, they are being reported with increasing frequency in the literature. In the . ,- past they have been described by a variety of names, such as "enteric cysts", "intestinal cysts", "giant diverticula", "`mediastinal cysts of foregut origin" "enterogenous cysts" and other descriptive terms. . Most authorities now agree that these anomalies are best described by the term "duplications of the alimentary tract. The duplications [of the alimentary tract] are spherical or tubular structures which poses a well developed smooth muscle layer and are lined with a mucous membrane from any part of the alimentary tract. They may occur at any place in the digestive tube from the tongue to the rectum and usually are intimately attached to some portion of the alimentary tube. We have experienced a duplication of the esophagus in 14 years old middle schoolboy. He complained dysphagia, eructation and substernal pain associated with intermittent high fever and chilliness, increasing in severity for recent three weeks. Routine chest X-ray film revealed nore markable abnormal finding but esophagogram. revealed marked narrowing of the esophagus throughout with a large blind pouch in lower half with fistulous communication at mid portion of the esophagus. On thoracotomy, a large infected blind pouch communicating with the lumen of normal esophagus proximally, Was extended from the level of 5th to 10th thoracic spine. The duplicated segment of the esophagus has a common muscular .wall and proximal communication with the adjacent esophagus. The infected, duplicated esophagus was segmentally resected, and esophagogastrostomy with pyloroplasty was done by displacing the stomach into the right thoracic cavity through midline laparotomy. His Postoperative course was uneventful and discharged without complication.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.179-189
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• 2000

Changes in eating culture patterns has been observed among modern Koreans from seeking out traditional types of eating out restaurant to the modern, luxurious, and hybrid food. This study aimed to investigate the patterns of eating out and preference of food in Pusan National University (PNU) area, representing typical Patterns of eating out in Pusan. Data revealed that the most popular places in which the subjects visited were Korean traditional restaurants and snack bars. The names of the places were in trendy style of Korean connotation, with Intention to appeal to the new generation. The interviewee reported that decision making on choice of plates were made by taste, price, and service in that order. The frequency of eating out was once In two or three days, Korean traditional restaurants, noodle shops, and restaurants of offering fusion food being the Place of choice. Preferred reasons for the PNU area were reported to be low price, followed by variety of food offered and geographical accessibility to the places. Most of the interviewees in the area were satisfied with the taste of food and service quality. A list of food they were willing to introduce to oversea foreigners included raw fish, Dongrae Pajon, Pulgoki, Kimchi and dog soup in that sequence. The results of survey indicator that changes in the eating out environment in Pusan were improvement of service quality, development of new recipes, improvement of hygiene standards and development of area-specific food. The results may also act as a guide in changing the eating out environment and developing tourism in Pusan.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 2021

There are 18,638 insect species recorded in Korea, representing 35.4% of Korean Biodiversity (52,628). In this study, we classified Korean common name into 11 categories (color, size, shape, plant, location, ecology, foreign language, personal name, native, physiology, positive/negative) and assigned every species into each categories and researched the meaning of Korean common names. We conducted further analysis on 506 cases of hate speech (disability, racial·regional·appearance discriminations). Also we analyzed 508 cases of Japanese expressions (person's name, place name, Japanese language), and proposed alternative words in case of inappropriate usages.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.1019-1035
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• 2020

This study examines the millennial generation, who express themselves and share information on social media after experiencing constantly changing 'hot places' (places of interest) in contemporary cities, with the goal of analyzing space consumption behaviors. Data were collected via an Instagram crawler application developed with Python 3.4 administered to 19,262 posts using the term 'hot places' from November 1 and December 15, 2019. Issues were derived from a text mining technique using Textom 2.0; in addition, semantic network analysis using Ucinet6 and the NetDraw program were also conducted. The results are as follows. First, a frequency analysis of keywords for hot places indicated words frequently found in nouns were related to food, local names, SNS and timing. Words related to positive emotions felt in experience, and words related to behavior in hot places appeared in predicate. Based on importance, communication is the most important keyword and influenced all issues. Second, the results of visualization of semantic network analysis revealed four categories in the scope of the definition of "hot place": (1) culinary exploration, (2) atmosphere of cafés, (3) happy daily life of 'me' expressed in images, (4) emotional photos.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

This thesis aims to research the original landscape of an area in Chirwon by comparing and interpreting the current and the former landscape of the time around 1860, in which was created. Inside the painting, MuGi-YeonDang(舞沂蓮塘), its nearby garden facilities and landscape are described. The conclusions of the research are as follows. Around the inner garden(內園) called Gukdam(菊潭), core spaces of Mugi-YeonDang were Hahwanjeong(何換亭) and Pungyongnu(風浴樓). After 1971, Chunghyosa(忠孝祠), Yeongjeonggak(影幀閣) which was built as inheritance of Giyangseowon (沂陽書院), and other buildings were added. On the opposite of Hahwanjeong, there is a designed pond inside Gukdam, in which three pieces of bizarre stones and colorful flower plants and trees reside. In the middle of the pond, there is an center island(中島), constructed with Bonghwangseok(鳳凰石) and Napduseok(衲頭石). Two different kinds of trees are settled on top of the stones, and one of them is identified as a maple. In the external scenery(外境), Jakdaesan Mountain and Cheonjusan Mountain are located at the upper part of Mugi-Yeondang, and Bibo Forest(裨補林), which does not exist anymore, was located at the lower part of it. A notable achievement in own research was to discover the Ju family's graveyard(朱氏墓群) consisted of more than 10 murals at the lower part of Mt. Jakdaesan in the outer space and the remains of 'Byeoreop(別業) Yuhoejeong(有懷亭)' at the nearby Sanjeong-ri(山亭里) area, which was the Ju family's gravesite(Seonsan, 先山). The discovered remains showed the presence of a square pond(方塘) and an island in the center of it(中島) in the form of Seokgasan(an artificial mountain made with stones), a stone monument called Mangchudae(望楸臺), etc. The Seokgasan was consisted of processed natural stones, and layers of the stones were piled up for it. On the side of the layered stones, 'Gyeongam(敬嵒)' and 'Sesim(洗心)' are engraved. Especially, Gyeongja(letter Gyeong, 敬字) is a copy of the Gyeongja Rock(敬字岩) of Sosu-Seowon(紹修書院), which is a symbolic garden language mutually used in the signboards of Pungyongnu and Musansa(武山祠), a place built to enshrine Ju, Sebung(周世鵬). Through the written names of the building found in , it can be assumed that the name of the square pond with Seokgasan was Taehwaji or Jeongwudang, and the name of the Seokgasan was Sogeumgang(小金剛) or Sobangjang(小方丈). The names correspond to the names of the Seokgasan of Gukdam, which was Yangsimdae(養心臺) and Bongnaesan(蓬萊山). By means of the corresponding names, it can be inferred that the relations between the spaces were intended. was originally created as 'a manor painting(莊園圖)', led by the 15th generation of the Ju family who moved into Chirwon-ri, Haman. The painting describes not only the back garden but also the external scenery, thus it provides important evidences for understanding Mugi-YeonDang and its nearby landscape, and is helpful to its maintenance and restoration.