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<하환정도(何換亭圖)>를 통해 본 칠원 무기연당(舞沂蓮塘)과 유회정(有懷亭) 일곽의 원형경관

Original Landscape of MuGi-YeonDang and Yuhoejeong Pavilion Area in Chirwon through

  • 노재현 (우석대학교 조경학과) ;
  • 손희경 (우석대학교 대학원 조경건설공학과) ;
  • 박태희 (동신대학교 조경학과)
  • Rho, Jae-Hyun (Dept. of landscape Architecture, Woosuk University) ;
  • Son, Hee-Kyung (Dept. of Landscape & Construction Engineering, Graduate School, Woosuk University) ;
  • Park, Tae-Hee (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Dongshin University)
  • 투고 : 2017.11.15
  • 심사 : 2017.12.27
  • 발행 : 2017.12.31

초록

<하환정도>의 제작 시점인 1860년경을 기점으로, 그림에 표현된 무기연당과 일곽의 정원시설 그리고 경관 등을 현재와 비교하여 고찰한 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. <하환정도>에는 내원(內園)인 국담(菊潭)을 중심으로 하환정(何換亭)과 풍욕루(風浴樓)가 핵심을 이루고 있으며, 1971년 이후 기양서원의 후신(後身)인 충효사(忠孝祠)와 영정각(影幀閣) 등이 보태졌다. 하환정 반대편 국담 지안(池岸)에는 3기의 괴석과 함께 다채로운 초화류와 화관목이 식재되었으며, 중도(中島)에는 봉황석(鳳凰石)과 납두석(衲頭石)의 배치와 함께 2종의 수목이 그려져 있는데 이 중 하나는 단풍나무로 확인된다. 그림의 외경(外境)에는 무기연당을 중심으로 상부로는 작대산과 천주산이, 하부로는 정충비각과 현재는 멸실된 비보숲이 묘사되어 있다. 주목할 만한 성과로 외경의 작대산 아래 십 여기의 봉분 형태의 주씨묘군(朱氏墓群)과 함께 묘사된 '별업 유회정(別業 有懷亭)' 유구(遺構)를 주씨 선산인 산정리 일대에서 확인하였다. 확인된 유구는 방형의 지당(池塘)과 석가산인 중도(中島) 그리고 석비 망추대(望楸臺) 등이며 지당내 석가산은 자연석에 약간의 가공을 한 뒤, 여러 개의 괴석을 첩석한 형태로 측면에는 '경암(敬嵒)'과 '세심(洗心)'이라 각자(刻字)되어 있다. 특히 '경(敬)'자(字)는 소수서원 경자바위(敬字岩)의 그것을 모사(模寫)한 것으로 풍욕루 현판은 물론 주세붕을 모신 관내 무산사(武山祠)에서도 발견되는 주씨 정원의 상징적 정원언어가 되고 있다. <하환정도> 외경에서 유회정과 석가산을 갖는 방당(方塘)의 이름은 '태화지(泰和池)' 또는 '정우당(淨友塘)'이라 하였으며 석가산의 이름은 '소금강(小金剛)' 또는 '소방장(小方丈)'으로 명명되었음이 확인된다. 이는 국담의 석가산인 '봉래산'에 비견되는 명칭으로, 양 공간에 관련성을 이해하는데 중요한 연결고리가 되고 있다. <하환정도>는 함안 칠원리에 입향한 15대손 주씨문중에서 주도하여 그린 일종의 장원도(莊園圖)로서, 내원은 물론 외경의 상황을 세밀하게 묘사하고 있어 무기연당원 및 주변 경관을 이해할 뿐 아니라 무기연당을 포함한 외경의 정비 및 복원의 중요한 단서를 제공하고 있다고 판단된다.

This thesis aims to research the original landscape of an area in Chirwon by comparing and interpreting the current and the former landscape of the time around 1860, in which was created. Inside the painting, MuGi-YeonDang(舞沂蓮塘), its nearby garden facilities and landscape are described. The conclusions of the research are as follows. Around the inner garden(內園) called Gukdam(菊潭), core spaces of Mugi-YeonDang were Hahwanjeong(何換亭) and Pungyongnu(風浴樓). After 1971, Chunghyosa(忠孝祠), Yeongjeonggak(影幀閣) which was built as inheritance of Giyangseowon (沂陽書院), and other buildings were added. On the opposite of Hahwanjeong, there is a designed pond inside Gukdam, in which three pieces of bizarre stones and colorful flower plants and trees reside. In the middle of the pond, there is an center island(中島), constructed with Bonghwangseok(鳳凰石) and Napduseok(衲頭石). Two different kinds of trees are settled on top of the stones, and one of them is identified as a maple. In the external scenery(外境), Jakdaesan Mountain and Cheonjusan Mountain are located at the upper part of Mugi-Yeondang, and Bibo Forest(裨補林), which does not exist anymore, was located at the lower part of it. A notable achievement in own research was to discover the Ju family's graveyard(朱氏墓群) consisted of more than 10 murals at the lower part of Mt. Jakdaesan in the outer space and the remains of 'Byeoreop(別業) Yuhoejeong(有懷亭)' at the nearby Sanjeong-ri(山亭里) area, which was the Ju family's gravesite(Seonsan, 先山). The discovered remains showed the presence of a square pond(方塘) and an island in the center of it(中島) in the form of Seokgasan(an artificial mountain made with stones), a stone monument called Mangchudae(望楸臺), etc. The Seokgasan was consisted of processed natural stones, and layers of the stones were piled up for it. On the side of the layered stones, 'Gyeongam(敬嵒)' and 'Sesim(洗心)' are engraved. Especially, Gyeongja(letter Gyeong, 敬字) is a copy of the Gyeongja Rock(敬字岩) of Sosu-Seowon(紹修書院), which is a symbolic garden language mutually used in the signboards of Pungyongnu and Musansa(武山祠), a place built to enshrine Ju, Sebung(周世鵬). Through the written names of the building found in , it can be assumed that the name of the square pond with Seokgasan was Taehwaji or Jeongwudang, and the name of the Seokgasan was Sogeumgang(小金剛) or Sobangjang(小方丈). The names correspond to the names of the Seokgasan of Gukdam, which was Yangsimdae(養心臺) and Bongnaesan(蓬萊山). By means of the corresponding names, it can be inferred that the relations between the spaces were intended. was originally created as 'a manor painting(莊園圖)', led by the 15th generation of the Ju family who moved into Chirwon-ri, Haman. The painting describes not only the back garden but also the external scenery, thus it provides important evidences for understanding Mugi-YeonDang and its nearby landscape, and is helpful to its maintenance and restoration.

키워드

참고문헌

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