• 음성과학
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.131-142
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• 2002

Place assimilation in Korean has been argued to reflect the consonantal strength hierarchy in which velar is stronger than labial which is in turn stronger than coronal. The strength relationship has been manifested in two ways in literature. One is through phonological representation as shown in Iverson and Lee (1994). The other is through perceptual salience ranking as suggested by Jun (1995). The goal of this study is to examine the perceptual salience of placed consonants through an identification experiment. The experiment conducted in this study reveals four facts. First, place identification of a prevocalic consonant is higher than that of a postvocalic one. Second, place identification of a stop in coda is more confusable than that of a nasal counterpart in Korean contrary to other previous studies. Third, velar is most confusable in place identification in contrast to Jun (1995) and Hume et al. (1999). Finally, place perception of consonants can vary depending on adjacent vocalic context. These results suggest that perceptual salience is one of the possibly several factors affecting a phonological process.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2009

This study investigated the interaction between consonants and vowels in Korean syllable perception using a speeded classification task (Garner, 1978). Experiment 1 examined whether listeners analytically perceive the component phonemes in CV monosyllables when classification is based on the component phonemes (a consonant or a vowel) and observed a significant redundancy gain and a Garner interference effect. These results imply that the perception of the component phonemes in a CV syllable is not linear. Experiment 2 examined the further relation between consonants and vowels at a subphonemic level comparing classification times based on glottal features (aspiration and lax), on place of articulation features (labial and coronal), and on vowel features (front and back). Across all feature classifications, there were significant but asymmetric interference effects. Glottal feature.based classification showed the least amount of interference effect, while vowel feature.based classification showed moderate interference, and place of articulation feature-based classification showed the most interference. These results show that glottal features are more independent to vowels, but place features are more dependent to vowels in syllable perception. To examine the three-way interaction among glottal, place of articulation, and vowel features, Experiment 3 featured a modified Garner task. The outcome of this experiment indicated that glottal consonant features are independent to both the place of articulation and vowel features, but the place of articulation features are dependent to glottal and vowel features. These results were interpreted to show that speech perception is not abstract and discrete, but nonlinear, and that the perception of features corresponds to the hierarchical organization of articulatory features which is suggested in nonlinear phonology (Clements, 1991; Browman and Goldstein, 1989).

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제45호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2003

This paper criticizes S. Kim (1992), claiming that the perception of place cues in the reduced stop consonant clusters ('reducing' means 'cutting off' the acoustic silence in stop clusters) largely depends on the acoustic characteristics such as formant transition and noise frequency distribution of stop burst, rather than the closure duration time as advocated by S. Kim (1992). The claim is based on the perception test conducted upon 111 stimuli over 10 subjects. The finding is that, when the closure duration is cut off up to the point where only one stop is perceived, place of the second stop, not the first one, in the cluster is in most cases perceived regardless of the places of the first and second stops. It is likely that the place cues of the stop in the prevocalic position mask those in the postvocalic position.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제45호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2003

This is a study on perception errors of Korean stops in word initial position. This study will show how listeners perceive manipulated Korean stops through two experiments and I will analyze why they are confused. In addition, 1 will show those perception errors not only reflect the relationship between the place and manner of articulation but also ate deeply related to the length of aspiration.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제37권12호
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• pp.125-140
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• 1999

This study aimed to examine the sexual discrimination in the labor market. For this purpose, this study compared the work conditions, perception of sexual discrimination in the work place and job satisfaction by sex, and showed some effects of the independent variables on the two dependent variables; the perception of sexual discrimination in the work place and job satisfaction. The data were from KLFI(1995)'s National data and two OLS (Ordinary Least Square) Regression models were used. The results of this study were as follows. There were significant differences in the working conditions between two sex groups. The perception of sexual discrimination in the work place was a little low and the difference by sex was not found. The variables related to the work were more important to predict the perception of sexual discrimination in the work place rather than the general characteristics of the sample. The male workers were more satisfied with their work than the female workers. The satisfaction of their work was significantly different by the variables related to the work.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.29-47
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• 2006

The objectives of this study were to explore rural elderly's perception on rural area as a proper place to live for the elders and to find out their residential satisfaction and its related variables. The data were gathered through the questionnaire survey from 241 rural elderly over 70 aged living in Gyeonggi province during July 2005. The major findings of this study were as follows: 1) Those who are men, having experience living in urban area, and favorable perception to social relation with other residences prefer the rural area to urban area as living place for the elderly ; 2) Those who are subjectively perceived healthy and favorable perception to social relation with other residences tend to be in higher residential satisfaction than other groups ; 3) Such variables as age, educational background, living term in community and urban area were not significant to rural elderly's perception on rural area as a proper place to live for the elders and residential satisfaction; 4) Such variables as identification as community residences, people-oriented personality, sex and having experience living in urban area explained 26.4% of variance in rural elderly's perception on rural area as a proper place to live for the elders ; 5) Such three variables as identification as community residences, relationship with the primary group and age explained 55.2% of variances in residential satisfaction; 6) In shortly, the most influential factor to rural elderly's perception on rural area as a proper place to live for the elder and residential satisfaction was their identification as community residences.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2014

This paper investigated the effects of frequency band limitation on perceptual characteristics of Korean consonants. Monosyllabic speech (144 syllables of CV type, 56 syllables of VC type, 8 syllables of V type) produced by two announcers were low- and high-pass filtered with cutoff frequencies ranging from 300 to 5000 Hz. Six listeners with normal hearing performed perception test by types of filter and cutoff frequencies. We reported phoneme recognition rates and types of perception error of band-limited Korean consonants to examine how frequency distortion in the process of speech transmission affect listener's perception. The results showed that recognition rates varied with the following factors: position in a syllable, manner of articulation, place of articulation, and phonation types. Consonants in the final position were stronger to the frequency band limitation than those in the initial position. Fricatives and Affricates are stronger than stops. Fortis consonants were less stronger than their lenis or aspirated counterparts. Types of perception error also varied depending on such factors as consonant's place of articulation: In case of bilabial stops, they were perceived as alveolar stops with while in cases of alveolar and velar stops, there were changes in phonation types without any change in the place of articulation.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2019

Minimal art, which began to flourish in the mid-1960s, explores perceptual situations caused by the involvement of objects in given site contexts. This has led to the mentions of minimal art as a site-specific art, but its limitations have also been pointed out. This study specifically addresses the limitations of minimal art as a site-specific art with two perceptual points of view. First, according to Michael Fried, situations described as 'now here' focus largely on the bodily experiences of a place. However, they do not rooted in specific time and space of a certain place. Second, the unique characteristics of a certain place are excluded from the perception of the body which occupies the passage of time. Self-sufficient algorithm, which is far from site-specific conditions, is the autonomous system creating the period in the way of arrangement of objects. In addition, Minimal art regards a body only as the objectivity excluding the subjectivity which is essential creating meaning in a place. In the latter part of the article, these features are dealt with through Donald Judd's works. This study on site-specificity also provides a new perspective on the discussion of Minimal architecture and Minimal landscape.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.209-234
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• 2011

본 연구는 공공도서관 이용자를 대상으로 장소애착도와 장소가치인식도 간의 영향관계를 통계적으로 검증해보고, 이용빈도, 거주기간, 이용목적, 웹사이트 이용경험이 장소애착도와 장소가치인식도 간의 관계에서 조절변수로서의 역할을 하는지 파악하고자 했다. 계층적 회귀분석결과, 이용빈도와 거주기간이 '장소의존성'과 상호작용하여 '체험가치인식도'에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이용목적에 대한 조절효과를 알아보기 위해 이용목적별로 집단을 구분하고 장소애착도와 장소가치인식도와의 관계를 집단별로 분석하였다. 도서관 웹사이트 이용경험은 장소애착도와 장소가치인식도와의 관계에서 조절효과를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구 결과는 장소애착도라는 이용자의 감정적인 지표가 장소로서의 공공도서관의 가치를 설명할 수 있는 변수로서 활용성이 있음을 시사하고 있다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.455-464
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• 2009

영어 마찰음을 발음하기 어려운 점은 잘 알려졌는데, 한국 대학생들이 마찰음을 포함하는 영어 순자음을 인지하는데도 마찬가지로 어려움을 느끼는지 알아보기 위하여 40명의 한국 대학생들을 대상으로 영어 순자음이 들어간 임시어를 4가지 다른 운율적 위치(초성, 종성, 강세 앞 모음사이, 강세 뒤 모음사이)에서 인지하는 테스트를 실행하였다. 실험 참가자들은 초성이나 강세 앞 모음사이처럼 강한 위치의 자음을 종성이나 강세 뒤 모음사이의 약한 위치보다 더 정확하게 판별하는 인지패턴을 보여주었다. 한국 학생들의 인지의 어려움은 모든 운율 위치에서 영어 목표자음의 조음방법 혼동 때문에 대부분 발생하였다. 그밖에, 조음장소와 유무성의 혼동도 일어났는데, 조음장소의 혼동은 모든 운율 위치에서 주로 [f]의 음향적 속성 때문에 일어났으며 유무성의 혼동은 운율 위치의 영향 때문에 발생하였다. 이러한 조음방법, 조음장소, 유무성의 혼동은 목표자음의 음성적 속성 그리고/또는 피실험자의 모국어 속성으로 설명되었다.