• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.769-773
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• 1988

The needle oils of Pious rigida Mill and Pious densiflora Sieb & Zucc were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The major components of Pinus rigida were ${\alpha}-pinene$, 1-hexen-3-ol formate, sabinene, ${\beta}-pinene,\;{\alpha}-terpineol$ and ${\beta}-caryophyllene,\;{\alpha}-pinene$, bornyl acetate, ${\beta}-pinene$ and ${\beta}-hpellandrene$ were the major components fo Pious densiflora. Pious densiflora had sweeter and more greenish note than Pines rigida because the bornyl acetate content of Pious densiflora was about three times more than that of Pious rigida.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.45-47
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• 1963

1. A Kind of Bacillus, which was seemed to be pathogenic, was isolated from Pinus rigida planting. 2. The bacillus were grown well on the Agar-Bacto-Beef media (pH 7.4) at $30^{\circ}C$. C for 24 hours. 3. The soil infection for the one year old seedling was the best inoculating method in this experiment. 4. Almost of all characteristics were simillar between isolated and reisolated bacillus. 5. The author should like to call temporarily the name of this bacterial disease Stem-rot of pinus rigida Mill.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.374-380
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• 2015

The quality characteristics of the woodpellet manufactured from two domestic pines (Pinus densiflora S. et Z. and Pinus rigida Mill.) were investigated for the efficient energy use of woody biomass resources. Properties of woodpellets such as moisture content, heating value, ash content, apparent density and durability were determined by using the standard test method of woodpellets of Korea Forest Research Institute (KFRI) and elemental analysis. The results of elemental analysis for C, H, O and N showed 61.42% carbon, 5.56% hydrogen, 32.87% oxygen, and 0.15% nitrogen for Pinus densiflora S. et Z. and 61.03% carbon, 5.96% hydrogen, 32.83% oxygen, and 0.18% nitrogen for Pinus rigida Mill. No significant difference between Pinus densiflora S. et Z. and Pinus rigida Mill was observed on elemental analysis. Heating values of each woodpellet were ranged from 19.00 to 19.42 MJ/kg which satisfied the first grade quality standard (${\geq}18.0MJ/kg$) by KFRI. The ash contents of woodpellet were slightly different between Pinus densiflora S. et Z. and Pinus rigida Mill., and satisfied the first grade quality standard (${\leq}0.7%$) by KFRI. Apparent density of woodpellet (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) was passed the first grade standard level (${\geq}640kg/m^3$), and woodpellets from Pinus rigida Mill. satisfied the second grade quality of the standard. The moisture contents of each woodpellet were satisfied by the first grade quality standard (${\leq}10%$). The durability of woodpellet (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) was passed the third grade level (${\geq}95%$), but Pinus rigida Mill. woodpellet was insufficient to satisfy the quality standard.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 1968

In the present experiment as a basic study for establishing a hybrid seed orchard, an observation was made on the survivability of grafts using Pinus rigida as the stock and its hybrids as the sciion, and on the shape and germination of pollen collected from grafted plants. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The hybrid scion of P. rigida.taeda or $P. rigida{\times}(P. rigida.taeda)$ grafted into P. rigida stock showed lower survivability than the homoplastic graftings of P. rigida. 2. Five among the eight eleven-year old scions homoplastically grafted into two-year old stock for the staminate strobile one year after their grafting. 3. There was no difference in the size and germination ability between the pollen collected from homoplastically grafted plant and from the normal one. 4. The pollen collected from the grafted plant is thought to be usable for the control pollination as the germination of such pollen was considerably good.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.111-118
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• 2015

In this study, we carried out the emissions analysis of CO and $non-CO_2$ for the age-classes of various pine trees(Pinus koraiensis, Pinus densiflora, Pinus rigida Mill., Pinus thunbergii Parl.) to estimate of emission factors of the crown layer and surface layer in the forest fire. We used the thermal characteristic analyzer cone heater and NDIR analyzer in order to measure amount of emission. As a result, the major emissions of Pinus koraiensis were $CO_2$ and $CH_4$ and that of Pinus thunbergii Parl. was only CO. The major emissions of the most of pine trees were NO and $N_2O$. The $CO_2$ emission of Pinus thunbergii Parl. was the highest about as $7.26{\times}10^{-2}{\sim}1.63{\times}10^{-1}g$ and next came Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus rigida Mill.. And the CO emission of Pinus thunbergii Parl. was about $5.14{\times}10^{-3}{\sim}6.58{\times}10^{-3}g$ and followed by Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus rigida Mill.. The emissions of $CH_4$, NO, and $N_2O$ showed small differences between species and the emission of $CH_4$ was $8.37{\times}10^{-5}{\sim}2.55{\times}10^{-4}g$, and NO was $6.65{\times}10^{-5}{\sim}2.0{\times}10^{-4}g$ and $N_2O$ was $1.42{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}2.09{\times}10^{-3}g$ in all species. Particularly, the emission of Pinus thunbergii Parl. was the highest in all pine trees except $CH_4$.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.17-21
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• 2006

An investigation was done to know the warty layer structural difference in bordered pit of longitudinal tracheid in Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc., Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc., Pinus rigida Mill. and Larix kaempferi Carr. grown in Korea. Among the four wood species, warty layer was found in bordered pit of longitudinal tracheid of Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. and Pinus rigida Mill. The mean height and horizontal diameter of warty layer was found highest in Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. The height of warty layer was found the highest in juvenile wood of Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. and it gradually decreased towards the matured wood.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.44-48
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• 2003

Flexural properties were investigated on clear specimens made from small diameter thinned trees of pitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill.), Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc), Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi Carr.), and sawtooth oak (Quercus acutissima Carr.). MOR and MOE values of small clear specimen were depended on the species. The highest density of sawtooth oak shows the highest values of MOR and MOE. However, the lowest density of Japanese larch shows the lowest values of MOR. It was also shown that flexural properties could be predicted by stress wave MOE, since the correlations between stress wave MOE and flexural properties were relatively good.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.1
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• pp.88-94
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• 2008

The aim of the study was to assess the cosmeceutical activity of Pinus rigida Mill. and it is possible that can be used as a cosmetic ingredient for application of cosmetic industries. The concentration of total phenolic compound of P. rigida water soluble fraction and P. rigida ethyl acetate soluble fraction showed 47 mg/L and 601 mg/L respectively. In the result of DPPH scavenging radical activity, P. rigida ethyl acetate soluble fraction showed 86% and it was similar to BHA effect at 10 ppm concentration. Xanthine oxidase inhibition of P. rigida water soluble fraction and P. rigida ethyl acetate soluble fraction were 76.3% and 80.5% at 500 ppm, respectively. In the result of tyrosinase inhibition effect related to skin-whitening, P. rigida water and ethyl acetate soluble fraction showed 42%, 10.9% at a 1,000 ppm. In these results, P. rigida has a great potential as a cosmeceutical ingredient with a natural anti-oxidant source.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.55-55
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• 2023

With the COVID-19 pandemic, there is increasing interest in anti-obesity strategies. According to the National Statistical Office, the obesity rate in Korea was 38.3% in 2020 and 37.1% in 2021. Obesity is a risk factor for several severe diseases, including stroke, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer. Pinus rigida × Pinus taeda is a hybrid of Pinus rigida Mill and Pinus taeda Linn, and its cones are considered a by-product. Although previous studies have investigated their pharmacological effects on antioxidant activity and protection against oxidative DNA damage, few researchers have explored their potential as functional natural materials. Therefore, we evaluated the anti-obesity effects of the cone of ethyl acetate fraction of P. rigida × P. taeda (ERT), specifically its ability to inhibit lipid accumulation. Our analysis showed that ERT contains phytochemicals (catechin and caffeic acid) which are known to improve immune function and inhibit cell damage. ERT inhibited lipid droplet accumulation at the cellular levels through Oil Red O staining. Furthermore, ERT suppressed the expression of adipogenic transcription factors (PPARγ and CEBP/α) as well as downstream lipogenic target genes (FAS and SREBP-1) thereby inhibiting adipogenesis. ERT also down-regulated key adipogenic markers, including aP2α, while inducing the phosphorylation of AMPK. It has been reported that PPARγ and CEBP/α are expressed in the early stages of adipose differentiation, while SREBP-1 is expressed in the late stage. Therefore, our findings suggest that ERT activates AMPK signaling pathways, which inhibits adipogenic transcription factors (PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP1) and lipogenic genes (FAS and aP2α), thereby blocking lipid accumulation and preventing obesity and related disorders. ERT showed potential as a new resource for developing a functional material for anti-obesity agents.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.65-76
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• 1988

A number of laboratory and field experiments have performed with aqueous extracts from fresh leaves, fallen leaves and roots of Pinus rigida in order to investigae the effetct of the pine tree. The results obtained found its inhibitive effect on the germination and growth of tested species. Though relative germination ratio of the species was somewhat lower than the control plot, severe inhibition was observed in relative dry weight ration, These results were more obvious in aqueous extracts than in the case of leachates and similar results were also confirmed by field bioassays on the forest soil of P. rigida. Therefore, to find out the inhibitory sybstancesm 14 different kinds of KDICical substances were isolatd from the leaved of the tree by chromato-graphy and nist if them were confirmed to be phenoic compounds, The growth of lettuce was inhibition was observed in the concentration of less than 5X10-3M soluton. Phenolic compounds are assumed the substance related to the allelopathic effect of P. rigida.