• 보존과학연구
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• s.28
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• pp.59-73
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• 2007

Wooden artifacts are biologically damaged by animals, insects, and micro-organisms. We focused on the evaluation of the antifungal and insecticidal activities of tree extracts to control deterioration of wooden cultural properties. 12 kinds of methanol extracts from 9 species of tree were investigated for their biocidal activities against two micro-organisms and two spices of insect. Most tree extracts showed fungicidal activities to Tyromyces palustris and Trametes versicolor. Among 12 different tree extracts, the strongest antifungal activity against T.palustris and T.versicolor was observed from the extracts of Pinus densiflora stem-bark extract and Pinus koraiensis leaf extracts. However, in the insecticidal activity test, Pinus densiflora stem-bark extracts against termite was relatively effective. Chemical compositions of methanol extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. As a result, it was confirmed that development of biocide based on the natural extracts can be expected to conservate of wooden cultural properties.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.498-508
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• 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the potential of Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) inner bark extracts as an antidiabetic agent. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the bark extracts was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column to yield five compounds, which structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy. The isolated compounds were (+)-catehin, (-)-epicatechin, taxifolin, taxifolin-3'-O-${\beta}$-D-(+)-glucose and $\tilde{n}$-courmaric acid. The antidiabetic activity of the different fractions, including the crude extracts and isolated compounds, was evaluated by ${\beta}$-cells insulin secretion and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells. The insulin secretion was 128% for taxifolin at $25{\mu}g/mL$. However, the other samples had no effect on this test. For the glucose uptake activity assay, $1{\mu}M$ insulin and 2 mM metformin were used as controls. Both the crude extract and taxifolin showed relatively low activity values, but the other samples yielded glucose uptake values over 260%. ${\rho}$-courmaric acid showed the highest uptake (270%). The results confirmed that Korean red pine extracts may be used as a hypoglycemic agent.

• Mycobiology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.205-209
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• 2001

The Korean sawmills have recently recognized the importance of prevention of fungal discoloration due to increased losses in revenue. Before establishing integrated control strategies of fungal discoloration, more complete knowledge about causal organisms is needed. As a first step, we initiated a through survey of fungi colonizing commercially important softwood(Pinus dens flora, Pinus koraiensis, and Pinus radiata) logs and lumber in Korea. In this paper we report results obtained from Japanese red pine(Pinus densiflora) log study. In summer 2000, fungi were isolated from Japanese red pine logs in storage, and identified based on their cultural and morphological characteristics. A total of 595 fungi were isolated, representing 21 genera and 30 species. Mold fungi, mostly Trichoderma species, were the most frequently isolating fungi, representing more than half of all isolates. Dematiaceous fungi represented approximately one fifth of the isolates, and Rhinocladiella atorvirens was the most abundant in all samples. Opiostoma species represented 7% of all isolates from cores planted on malt extract agar(MEA) and the incidence of these species doubled with the addition of streptomycin and cycloheximide to MEA. The results indicate that Japanese red pine sapwood is susceptible to colonization by a variety of fungal species. As a result, control strategies that concentrate on one fungus may have limited success because of interference from competing flora.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.133-142
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• 1980

Poria cocos, a parasite on Pinus densiflora was studied for its optimum growing condition from May 1, 1979 to November 15, 1980. 1) The optimum pH value was 5.0, and it had poor growth below pH 3.0 and no growth above pH 7.0. 2) The optimum temperatures were $25{\sim}27^{\circ}C$, and it had poor growth below $5^{\circ}C$. 3) On Robbins and Herrey's solid media, malt extract(diameter of colony at 2% of the above material was 90mm) and tomato extract(at 8% was 90mm) gave the best growth. 4) By Badcock method, the best growth was obtained in P.D.A. supplemented with accelerator 5% of the above material of liquid media(85mm in diameter of colony) and malt extract 2% of P.D.A. added with accelerator 5% of them of liquid media(410mg of hyphae of dry weight) but the growth rate was poor in the media of wood extract agar supplemented with accelerator 5% of the above material giving 30mm diameter of the colony. 5) The growth on Robbins basal medium supplemented with Quercus accutissima extract showed 305. 3mg of hyphae of dry weight and Robinia pseudoacasia was supplemented with it showed 256.3mg of them. 6) The best growth was obtained in Jennison basal medium supplemented with L-asparagine showing 44.3mg of hyphae of dry weight.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.275-281
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• 2018

Pinus densiflora root (PDR) is used as a medicinal plant. In this study, we investigated whether the PDR extract has anti-inflammatory activities. Cell viability assays showed that the extract was not toxic toward RAW 264.7 cells at concentrations up to $10{\mu}g/mL$. At $10{\mu}g/mL$, the extract decreased nitric oxide (NO) content to 40% of the control level. The protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which generates NO, decreased with increasing concentrations of the extract. Prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) levels were significantly inhibited by over 50% in the presence of $10{\mu}g/mL$ of the extract. The protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which generates $PGE_2$, decreased with increasing concentrations of the extract. Proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and $IL-1{\beta}$, were detected in RAW 264.7 cells after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. The extract did not affect the levels of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6, but it significantly inhibited the level of $IL-1{\beta}$. It also completely inhibited the transcription of nuclear factor-kappaB ($NF-{\kappa}B$). These results indicate that the PDR extract reduces inflammatory response-related proteins, such as NO, $PGE_2$, iNOS, and COX-2, in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells via the regulation of $NF-{\kappa}B$. Consequently, we have provided a mechanism to explain the anti-inflammatory effect of the PDR extract; that is, it exerts such an effect by regulating $NF-{\kappa}B$. The PDR extract can therefore be considered as an effective anti-inflammatory agent.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2009

Objectives : The aim of the present study is to evaluate the wound healing-enhancing and anti-inflammatory effects of Pinus densiflora, Cornus officinalis, Zingiber officinale, Ganoderma japonicum and Scutellaria baikalensison human keratinocyte, HaCaT cells. Methods : We adopted in vitro wound healing assay to measure the proliferation-and migration-enhancing effects in HaCaT cells. The expressions of cytokine genes were measured in HaCaT cells using real-time PCR analysis. Results : The extracts of Pinus densiflora, Cornus officinalis, Zingiber officinale, Ganoderma japonicum and Scutellaria baikalensis enhanced the proliferation and migration of HaCaTcells. The expression of keratinocyte growth factor receptor(FGFR2-IIIb) gene was also induced. The extracts inhibited iNOS, IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-$\alpha$ gene expression. Conclusions : The extract of Pinus densiflora, Cornus officinalis, Zingiber officinale, Ganoderma japonicum and Scutellaria baikalensis has wound healing-enhancing effects and anti-inflammatory effects.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.289-295
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• 2005

This paper reports on the dendrochronological investigation of tree ring growth of Pinus densiflora in the Gyeongbuk region. Tree ring growth was analysed using basic statistical value and correlation analysis to evaluate the relative contribution of climatic factors. Ta extract age-related trends and nonclimatic signals, each measurement series was standardized using a negative exponential growth function. In the Gyeongbuk region, tree ring growth was positively correlated with the current year in February, March and April, January, February, and March precipitation showed a positive correlation with the current growth year. This suggests that climatic factors (monthly average temperature, precipitation) limit breaking of dormancy and promotion of growth of Pinus densiflora in the Gyeongbuk region.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2012

Objectives : The gnarl of Pinus densiflora, called Songjeol in Korea, has been used as a medicinal herb for the treatment of inflammatory-related diseases such as arthralgia, myalgia and bruise. However, the molecular actions and mechanisms have not been clearly investigated. The aim of this study was to clarify the anti-inflammatory activity of Pinus densiflora gnarl pharmacopuncture (PDGP) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Methods : Cytotoxicity was assessed by XTT assay. The amount of nitric oxide (NO) production was determined by nitrite assay. The mRNA expressions of interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were analyzed by RT-PCR. Reactive oxidative species (ROS) generation was measured using the fluorescence microscopy. In addition, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and redox factor-1 (Ref-1) protein expressions were detected by Western blotting. Results : PDGP inhibited NO production and ROS generation in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. At the mRNA level, PDGP suppressed IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and COX-2 expression. On the other hand, PDGP induced HO-1 mRNA expression. Furthermore, PDGP suppressed iNOS and Ref-1 protein expression. Conclusions : This result suggests that PDGP can act as a suppressor agent on NO and iNOS through induction of HO-1, and play an useful role in blocking inflammatory responses.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.4
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• pp.357-362
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• 2009

Trials to find a method for overcoming the depletion of Tricholoma matsutake mycorrhiza from the artificially inoculated pine seedling (Pinus densiflora) when it is transplanted in situ were carried out. The culturing jars containing mycorrhizal seedlings were punched at the bottom to make the jar like a pot with keeping the soil structure of the original medium in vitro, and 8 kinds of irrigation solution were applied. Irrigation of distilled water caused disappearance of T. matsutake mycorrhizae, but biweekly irrigation of 2.5% PDMP (24 g potato dextrose broth, 3 g malt extract, 1 g peptone) solution or 0.5% Tween 80 solution until 3 months of acclimation could keep mycorrhizal association stronger. The percentage of mycorrhizal roots out of total length of roots was increased during the acclimation, and the acclimation rate reached up to 70%. Thus, we recommend that the mycorrhizal pine seedlings inoculated with T. matsutake would be acclimated before transplanting into the field.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.140-145
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• 2003

The present study was designed to examine whether the fermented extract using the leaves of Pinus densiflora (FPD), has an ameliorative effect on the lipid metabolism in rats with hyperlipidemia. The body weight gain was attenuated by the adminstration of either 1-dose (2 ml/kg/day) or 2-dose (4 ml/kg/day) of FPD for 2 weeks compared with that of control or hyperlipidemia rats, while blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, sGOT, and sGPT were not altered. Serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and athelosclerotic index were partially restored by the administration of 2-dose of FPD in rats with hyperlipidemia without changes of serum HDL-cholesterol, total lipid, and triglyceride concentration. The FPD also partially ameliorated renal functional parameters including plasma cleatinine and creatinine clearance which were attenuated in rats with hyperlipidemia. These results suggest that FPD has an ameliorative effect on the lipid metabolism and renal function in rats with hyperlipidemia.