• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.1169-1177
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to investigate the change of the weight loss, tensile strength, flex stiffness, and color-values of the pigment-dyed cotton, polyester/cotton, polyester and nylon fabrics after washing process. Pigment-dyed cotton and polyester/cotton fabrics were treated with the cellulase, of which concentrations were 0, 1, 3 and 5g/l. The time of washing process ranges from 30 to 120 minutes. Pigment-dyed polyester and nylon fabrics were treated without enzyme, of which the washing temperature were 13, 30, $55^{\circ}C$ and the washing time ranges from 30 to 120 minutes. Also, they were tested in terms of the influences of agitation speed(rpm) and additives such as softeners, enzymes, detergents. The weight loss and tensile strength of the pigment-dyed cotton and polyester/cotton fabrics were positively correlated with the concentration of cellulase and washing time. Neither polyester nor nylon fabrics exhibited any change of the weight. All fabrics showed the decline of flex stiffness and decoloration after washing process. Decoloration of cotton and polyester/cotton fabrics was due to both the influence of cellulase and the mechanical rubbing. On the other hand, that of polyester and nylon fabrics was caused by the mechanical rubbing only.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.10-19
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• 2022

Humectants are chemical compounds which added to water based pigment inks for DTP (Digital Textile Printing) to prevent evaporation of water. The humectants usually have diol or triol type chemical structures and their -OH groups have possibility to react with functional groups of the binder polymers, such as ester, carboxylic acid, and urethane groups, acting as a crosslinking agent. The crosslinking reactions between polymer binders and humectants in inks can affect touch of the printed fabrics. In this regard, this study aims to investigate effect of chemical structures and added amounts of humectants in pigment ink on touch of dyed fabrics by using 1,6-hexanediol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and 1,4-buthanediol with various amounts added to the mixture of a black pigment and a polyurethane type binder. Then, color, rubbing strength, touch of the fabrics dyed with the prepared pigment inks were evaluated.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.127-135
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• 2000

The natural dyestuff, grape skin dye was manufactured from grape skin by boiling in 0.1% HCI solution, eliminating the sugar and powdering in freeze dryer. Cotton, wool, silk and nylon fabrics were dyed under several conditions using the manufactured grape skin dye to investigate the dyeability and color fastness. Dyeing was operated in acidic dyebath of pH 4 because the grape skin is anionic. The color of dyed fabrics were affected on temperature of dyeing solution. Under 80$\^{C}$, the color of dyed fabrics were red or violet, but changed to brown in laundering. Above 100$\^{C}$, the color were brown and safe in laundering. Dyeabilities on wool, silk, and nylon fabrics were good, especially silk fabrics were dyed deeper than others. Dyeability was developed with concenturation of dyeing solution. All the dyed fabrics were excellent in color fastness to crocking and laundering. Light fastness was low to moderate. The light fastness of dyed nylon fabrics were as poor as grade 1, but they could be improved to grade 3∼4 by aftertreatment with gallic acid.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2020

The previous study reported that the quaternary copolymer of MMA, BA, MAA, and NEA was expected to be a good monomer composition for a binder polymer with good rubbing fastness for digital textile printing(DTP) pigment ink. However, the rubbing fastness of the dyed fabric with the quaternary copolymer binder containing pigment ink is not enough to be commercially used. Therefore, this study aims to optimize MMA:BA:MAA:NEA composition for improved rubbing fastness. And the binder polymer with various MMA:BA:MAA:NEA compositions were synthesized using miniemulsion polymerization. The particle size, viscosity, molecular weight, and Tg of the synthesized binder were evaluated. And the color strength and rubbing fastness of the black pigment ink dyed cotton fabrics with the prepared binders were also evaluated. Then, the stiffness of undyed and dyed cotton fabrics were evaluated to investigate the changes in touch as the binder structure changes.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.226-231
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• 2020

This study investigated effect of particle sizes of polymer binders for digital textile printing(DTP) pigment inks on touch of fabrics. The polymer binders were synthesized via miniemulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate(MMA), butyl acrylate(BA), N-ethylolacrylamide(NEA) and methacrylic acid(MAA). The prepared binders were applied to black pigment inks and those black pigment inks were used to dye cotton fabrics. Then, color strength, rubbing fastness, stiffness, surface and bending properties of the dyed fabrics were investigated. Depending on the particle size of the polymer binder used, color strength, friction fastness, stiffness, surface and bending properties change. Generally, the larger the particle size of the polymer binder, the softer properties.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.263-274
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• 2001

This study investigated the dyeability on silk, wool and rotten fabrics dyed with Magnolia liliflora leafs. In addition, the fastness of washing, perspiration, rubbing, drycleaning and the effects of its pigment on bacterial reduction and uv-B protection were also investigated. The results were as follows : It was found that uv-visible absorption spectrum showed two strong absorption peaks in the range of $250{\sim}340nm$. The optimum dyeing condition of the pigments extracted from the Magnolia liliflora leafs was dyeing with 0.5% mordants and three repeated dyeing at $95^{\circ}C$ for 1hr. When the wool fabric was dyed with Magnolia liliflora leaf, dyeing properties was the best among the three fabrics. Washing fastness of dyed fabrics was very low, drycleaning fastness was good and the other fastness were good. Light fastness of three fabrics dyed by Magnolia liliflora leafs increased by mordant treatment, especially copper sulfate treatment. The bacterial reduction and uv-B protection of dyed wool fabric with Magnolia liliflora leafs also increased.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.55-61
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• 2004

The Purpose or this study was to determine the optimal dyeing condition or Chelidonium majus extracts onto silk fabrics. Among the various dyeing properties, the colorfastness of fabrics dyed with Chelidonium majus extracts was investigated in different conditions such as dyeing temperature, dyeing time, dyeing pH etc. We also tried to dye fabrics using the Chelidonium majus extracts which were lyophilized. Although mordant was not used, dyed fabrics showed relatively good dyeability and the main pigment of Chelidonium majus showed yellow vividly in the appropriate dyeing conditions. At a dyeing temperature above 40$^{\circ}C$, the $\Delta$E value increased but the yellowish tint decreased. The pH value of unadjusted Chelidonium majus extracts was 6.4, at which a deep yellow was obtained. The dye equilibrium was reached 40 minutes after dyeing. The colorfastness to washing and light was poor at 1-2 and 2-3, respectively, but the dry-cleaning fastness was good at 4-5.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.874-881
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• 2013

Dansam (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) is a perennial plant that belongs to the Labiatae family and is characterized by red pigment found in the epidermis of its roots. Research on the dyeability of Dansam extract was performed with repeated trials under various conditions such as temperature, time, and mordant treatment. Silk fabrics were dyed with Dansam extract and mordanted with various agents such as Al, Fe, Cu, and Sn to evaluate the dyeability and functionality of Dansam extract; subsequently, the K/S value and the change of surface color were analyzed using a colorimeter. In addition, the dyeability of dyed fabrics (such as color fastness to washing, dry cleaning fastness, rubbing fastness and light fastness) and functionality (such as antibacterial activity and deodorization) were analyzed. The surface colors of all dyed fabrics were recorded and the results showed the presence of mostly YR series of colors; in addition, a GY color series appeared in the Fe pre-mordants of the silk fabric. The highest K/S values were recorded in Fe post-mordants. The washing fastness were Level 3 and Level 4; in addition, the dry-cleaning fastness showed excellent results at Level 4 and Level 5. The rubbing fastness was satisfactory at Level 3 and Level 4 and the light fastness was satisfactory at Level 4. The results of the measurements (that pertained to the antibacterial activity of fabrics dyed with Dansam extract) showed a 99.9% bacteria reduction rate of Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In regards to deodorization ability, dyed fabrics were found to have higher deodorization rates than those not dyed. The dyed fabric demonstrated exceptional deodorization qualities.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.195-207
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• 2016

In this study, we examined the influence of the pigment characteristic and dyeing condition on dyeing properties and functionality by using Perilla Frutescens L. Britt extracts, in which ethanol, distilled water and NaOH solution were used as 3 different solvents. Changes in dyeing conditions include variations in dye concentration, dyeing temperature, time and pH on dye uptake, and K/S values were compared according to these changes. Additionally, color changes were observed according to the use and types of mordant. Ultraviolet-visible spectrum was utilized to investigate the pigment characteristic, and as a result, chlorophyll was identified in ethanol extract, whereas tannin was identified both in distilled water extract and NaOH solution extract. By using FT-IR analysis, these tannins in distilled-water-extract and NaOH solution extract were verified to be hydrolyzable tannin. When dyeing silk, dye uptake increased as dye concentration, dyeing temperature and time increased, while it decreased as pH of the extract increased. Fabrics dyed without a mordant produced Y-series colors, and fabrics dyed with mordants showed various colors depending on the mordant types. Even though color fastness to washing and light was unsatisfactory, fastness to rubbing and perspiration showed relatively high grade. Moreover, deodorant ability of dyed fabric improved.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.476-484
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dyeing properties and anti-microbial ability of silk and wool fabrics dyed with Terminalia chebula Retzius(TCR) extract using two extraction solvent, hot water and methanol. Dyeing properties of fabrics were studied by investigating the characteristics of colorant, changes in dye uptake under different dyeing conditions, and by investigating color change when mordants were applied. Also, color fastness, and antimicrobial activity of dyed fabrics were estimated. Regardless of extraction solvent type, colorant showed maximum absorption wavelength at 280 nm and 578 nm, which implied that tannin was the major pigment component of TCR. Also, through FT-IR spectrum result, it was confirmed that tannin of TCR methanol extract was hydrolysable tannin. But for the hot water extract, it was only assumed that its tannin was condenced tannin. Fabric dyed with hot water solvent extract showed higher dye uptake than fabric dyed with methanol solvent extract, dye uptake increasing by higher concentration of the dye, longer dyeing time and higher dyeing temperature. And the absorption curve between TCR extract and protein fiber was shaped in the form of Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Fabric dyed without mordant was yellow in color, and when dyed with mordant, fabric showed various colors depending on mordant types except Sn. Color fastness to washing was generally fine and color fastness to light was moderate. But color fastness to rubbing and dry cleaning was outstanding. Lastly, dyed fabrics showed very good antimicrobial activity of 99.9% against Staphylococcus aureus and Kiebsiella pneumoniae.