• 대한수의학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.87-91
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• 1981

OK serogroups of 268 cultures of Escherichia coli isolated from piglets with colibacillary diarrhea were determined by the use of the simplified routine diagnostic procedures of Sojka. The results obtained are summarised as follows: 1. Of 268 cultures of Escherichia coli tested, 190 cultures were classified into 15 OK groups and the remaining 78(29.1%) were untypable. 2. The most frequently isolated enteropathogenic E. coli in order of prevalence were 0157 : K 'Vl7' (14.2%), 0149 : K91, K88a, c (13.7%), 064 : K 'V142' (11.6%), 08 : K87, K88a, b (10.5%) and O141 : K85a, b, K88a, b (7.9%).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.863-876
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• 2019

Farm animals such as piglets are often affected by environmental stress, which can disturb the gut ecosystem. Antibiotics were commonly used to prevent diarrhea in weaned piglets, but this was banned by the European Union due to the development of antibiotic resistance. However, the use of probiotics instead of antibiotics may reduce the risk posed by pathogenic microorganisms and reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus casei Zhang on the mechanical barrier and immune function of early-weaned piglets infected using Escherichia coli K88 based on histomorphology and immunology. Fourteen-day-old weaned piglets were divided into a control group and experimental groups that were fed L. casei Zhang and infected with E. coli K88 with or without prefeeding and/or postfeeding of L. casei Zhang. The L. casei Zhang dose used was $10^7CFU/g$ diet. Jejunum segments were obtained before histological, immunohistochemical, and western blot analyses were performed. In addition, the relative mRNA expression of toll receptors and cytokines was measured. Piglets fed L. casei Zhang showed significantly increased jejunum villus height, villus height-crypt depth ratio, muscle thickness, and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin. The use of L. casei Zhang effectively reduced intestinal inflammation after infection. We found that L. casei Zhang feeding prevented the jejunum damage induced by E. coli K88, suggesting that it may be a potential alternative to antibiotics for preventing diarrhea in early-weaned piglets.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.300-307
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• 2006

In the present study, methods of the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) were evaluated for the rapid detection and differentiation of transmissible gastroenteritis virus(TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV) and rotavirus in piglets suffering from diarrhea. For the purposes, the PCR conditions were first confirmed for the amplification of VP7 gene of rotavirus and N gene of TGEV and PEDV using each specific primers and their annealing temperature. Multiplex RT-PCR methods were further determined to distinguish these viral infections and the results are as follows. For the specific amplification of these viral genes, the reliable PCR condition was determined as 30 cycles of reaction consisting each 1 min of denature at $94^{\circ}C$, annealing at $42^{\circ}C$ and polymerization at $72^{\circ}C$ with 1.0 mM $MgCl_2$. It was able to differentiate these viral infections in the intestines and feces of piglets suffering from diarrhea by duplex PCR for TGEV and PEDV and single PCR for rotavirus with a primer-annealing temperature of $42^{\circ}C$. When the multiplex RT-PCR were undertaken for the field samples, 17 cases of PEDV and 5 cases of rotavirus infections were differential diagnosed in a total of 92 samples of intestines and feces of the piglets with diarrhea.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.554-559
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate effect of chitosan-oligosaccharides (CHIOL) on hydrophobicity of pathogenic E coli including a field isolate from suckling piglet with diarrhea, E coli-O157 : H7, and E coli-O149 : K88ac. E coli field isolate appeared adhesion of 100% to n-hexadecane between 0.00125% and 0.05% CHIOL. E coli-O157 : H7 occurred adhesion of 69% and 64% under the level of 0.00125% and 0.025% CHIOL, respectively. E coli-O149 : K88ac showed adhesion of 100% in higher than 0.025% CHIOL. For cationic action, the adhesion of E coli isolate and E coli-O149 : K88ac to n-hexadecane were inhibited at level of higher than 10mM $Ca^{2+}$ but did not induce any difference among the concentrations used(p < 0.01). However, the adhesion of E coli-O157 : H7 to n-hexadecane was inhibited at level of higher than 50mM $Ca^{2+}$. In a field trial, control piglets showed average mortality of up to 58% during 3 days after the onset of diarrhea. In contrast, the prevalence of E coli-induced diarrhea in CHIOL-treated groups without mortality was dropped down to average 34% on the 1st day after the treatment of CHIOL, and average 2% on the 4th day. After then, piglets with diarrhea was not present. In conclusion, the low concentrations of CHIOL were most likely to associate with the enhancement of hydrophobicity to pathogenic E coli. Calcium inhibited the hydrophobicity of E coli by CHIOL. These results suggested that CHIOL could be played an efficient and reliable role in treating enteric colibacillosis of piglets.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.459-463
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• 2013

본 연구는 Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum)과 Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)의 합제 (LB)를 이유자돈에 경구 투여하여, 면역반응, 설사발생 그리고 분변 중 균수변화 등에 미치는 효과를 평가하기 위해 수행하였다. 28일령의 이유자돈 100두를 대상으로 군 당 20두씩 5개 군 (NC, 항생제와 LB 무투여; PC, 0.03% chlortetracycline 투여; LB 1, LB 0.5 kg/ton feed; LB 2, LB 1.0 kg/ton feed; LB 3, LB 2.0 kg/ton feed)으로 나누어, 4주 동안 LB를 투여하면서, 1주일 간격으로 분변지수를 산출하여 군별로 기록하였으며, 투여 종료 후, 혈액 및 분변을 채취하여, 혈액시료로부터 IgG와 IFN-${\gamma}$를 분석하였고, 분변시료로부터 lactic acid bacteria (LAB)와 Enterobacteriaceae (ENT)의 수를 확인하였다. LB 투약 2주째부터, LB 2와 LB 3의 설사지수는 NC에 비해 통계적으로 유의성 있게 감소하였으며 (P<0.05), IgG와 IFN-${\gamma}$의 농도도 NC에 비해 통계적으로 유의성 있게 증가하였다(P<0.05). 또한, LB 2와 LB 3의 LAB와 ENT 수는 NC과 PC에 비해 통계적으로 유의성 있게 변화하는 결과를 나타내었다(P<0.05). 이상의 결과로부터, LB는 강력한 항생제 대체제로서 자돈 설사예방에 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.255-262
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• 2001

Five pigs industry with outbreaks of transmissible gastroenteritis(TGE) in Gyeongbuk province were investigated during the period from January to December 2000. The typical signs of TGE in piglets had transient vomiting and a watery yellowish diarrhea, rapid loss of weight, dehydration and high mortality in pigs under 2 weeks of age. Clinical signs of TGE in growing and finishing pigs and sows were usually limited to inappetence and diarrhea for one or a few days, with vomiting observed in an occasional animal. The detection of TGE viral antigen in epithelial cells of the small intestine had been used in indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFA) for diagnosing TGE in young pigs. WかR had been successfully used to detect the DNA derived from TGEV in specimen of intestinal swabs. Among 5 pigs industry, four showed typical signs of epizootic TGE and one progressing enzootic TGE. It was 22～53 days that the duration of initial clinical disease in TGE outbreaks of pigs investigated in Gyeongbuk province in 2000. However the duration related directly to herd size. Mortality of piglets under 2 weeks of age for duration was 53.2～88.2%, but that of piglets 2～5 weeks of age was 2.5～6.5%. The piglets of 1 weeks of age died mostly during duration of TGE, but varied considerably with husbandry and other environmental factors.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1131-1140
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• 2014

This research focused on the effects of different doses of Bacillus subtilis KN-42 on the growth performance, diarrhea incidence, faecal bacterial flora, and the relative number of Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli in faeces of weaned piglets to determine whether the strain can serve as a candidate antimicrobial growth promoter. A total of 360 piglets (initial body weight $7.14{\pm}0.63$ kg) weaned at $26{\pm}2$ days of age were randomly allotted to 5 treatment groups (4 pens per treatment with 18 pigs per pen) for a 28-day trial. Dietary treatments were basal diet without any antimicrobial (negative control; NC), basal diet supplemented with 120 mg/kg feed of neomycin sulfate (positive control; PC) and basal diet supplemented with $2{\times}10^9$ (L), $4{\times}10^9$ (M) and $20{\times}10^9$ (H) CFU/kg feed of B. subtilis KN-42. During the overall period, average daily gain and feed efficiency of piglets were higher in groups PC, M, and H than those in group NC (p<0.05), and all probiotics and antibiotics groups had a lower diarrhea index than group NC (p<0.05). The 16S rDNA gene-based methods were used to analyze faecal bacterial flora on day 28 of experiment. The result of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis showed that supplementation of B. subtilis KN-42 to the diet changed the bacterial communities, with a higher bacterial diversity and band number in group M than in the other four groups. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the relative number of Lactobacillus were higher in groups PC and H than in group NC (p<0.05), and the supplemented B. subtilis KN-42 to the diet also reduced the relative number of E. coli (p<0.05). These results suggest that dietary addition of B. subtilis KN-42 can improve the growth performance and gastrointestinal health of piglets.

• 대한수의사회지
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.513-518
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to report observations of cerebrospinal angiopathy in postweaning piglets which had showed postweaning diarrhea and nervous sign. This disease broke out in 30 to 50day-old piglets on the hog farm which had reared about 1,000

• 대한수의사회지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.541-547
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• 1985

The study was conducted to evaluate the drug sensitivity test and cause of the piglet with diarrhea for the clinical application in 51 farms for swine in Chung Nam area 1984. The result abtained were summarized as follows; 1, A purchase route of piglets;

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.401-409
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• 2004

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of a complex Lactobacilli preparation on performance, resistance to E. coli infection and gut microbial flora of weaning pigs. In exp. 1, twelve pigs (7.65$\pm$1.10 kg BW), weaned at 28 d, were randomly allotted into 2 groups and placed in individual metabolic cages. During the first 7 d, one group of pigs was provided ad libitum access to water containing $10^5$ colony forming units (CFU) Lactobacilli per ml and the control group was provided tap water. The Lactobacilli preparation included Lactobacillus gasseri, L. reuteri, L. acidophilus and L. fermentum, which were isolated from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract mucosa of weaning pigs. On d 8, 20 ml of $10^8$ CFU/ml E. coli solution (serovars K99, K88 and 987P at the ratio of 1:1:1) was orally administered to each pig. Diarrhea scores and diarrhea incidence were recorded from d 7 to 14. On d 14, pigs were euthanized and digesta and mucosa from the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and colon were sampled using aseptic technique to determine microflora by culturing bacteria in selective medium. The results showed that Lactobacilli treatment significantly decreased E. coli and aerobe counts (p<0.01) but increased Lactobacilli and anaerobe counts (p<0.01) in digesta and mucosa of most sections of the GI tract. A 66 and 69.1% decrease in diarrhea index and diarrhea incidence, respectively, was observed in the Lactobacilli treated group. In exp. 2, Thirty-six crossbred Duroc$\times$Landrace$\times$Yorkshire piglets, weaned at 28$\pm$2 days, were selected and randomly allocated into 2 groups. There were 18 piglets in each group, 3 piglets in one pen and 6 replicates in each treatment with 3 pens of barrow and 3 pens of female piglet in each treatment. Piglets had ad libitum access to feed and water. The initial body weight of piglet was 7.65$\pm$1.09 kg. Dietary treatments included a non-medicated basal diet with Lactobacilli ($10^5$ CFU/g diet) or carbadox (60 mg/kg) as control. On d 21, six pigs per group (one pig per pen) were euthanized. Ileal digesta was collected to determine apparent amino acid digestibility. Microflora content was determined similarly to exp.1. The results showed that Lactobacilli treatment significantly improved average daily feed intake (ADFI) of pigs compared to carbadox (p<0.05) during the first 2 wks after weaning and average daily gain (ADG) and ADFI increased significantly (p<0.05) from d 8 to 14. Nitrogen and total phosphorus digestibility also increased (p<0.05). Bacterial counts were similar to exp. 1. The results indicate that the complex Lactobacilli preparation improved performance for 2 wks after weaning, enhanced resistance to E. coli infection, and improved microbial balance in the GI tract.