• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.674-678
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• 2011

The model to estimate potential evapotranspiration (PET) was developed using periodic function. Average PET during 30 years for 67 areas was $2.36mm\;day^{-1}$, and those were distributed with the range of $1.42{\sim}3.45mm\;day^{-1}$. The period of PET change was 16~32 years according to area.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.1766-1775
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• 2021

Objective: The oxidative stress status and changes of chicken ovary tissue after shading were studied, to determine the mechanism of the effect of shading on follicular development. Methods: Twenty healthy laying hens (40 weeks old) with uniform body weight and the same laying rate were randomly divided into two groups (the shading group and normal light group). In the shading group, the cage was covered to reduce the light intensity inside the cage to 0 without affecting ventilation or food intake. The normal lighting group received no additional treatment. After 7 days of shading, oxidative stress related indicators and gene expression were detected. Results: Analysis of paraffin and ultrathin sections showed that apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) increased significantly after light shading. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay results revealed that the levels of total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione, catalase (CAT), and other substances in the sera, livers, ovaries, and follicular GCs of laying hens increased significantly after shading for 7 days; and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the livers of laying hens also increased significantly. ROS in the serum, ovarian and GCs also increased. After shading for 7 days, the levels of 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine in the sera and ovarian tissues of laying hens increased significantly. Cell counting kit-8 detection showed that the proliferation activity of GCs in layer follicles decreased after shading for 7 days; the expression level of the anti-apoptotic gene B-cell lymphoma-2 in ovarian tissue and follicular GCs was significantly reduced, and the expression levels of pro-apoptotic caspase 3 (casp3), and SOD, glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX2), and CAT were all significantly increased. Conclusion: Oxidative stress induced by shading light has a serious inhibitory effect on follicular development during reproduction in laying hens.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.397-405
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• 2019

The regulatory role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) in both cancerous and noncancerous cells have been widely reported. This study aimed to evaluate the role of lncRNA GAS5 in heart failure caused by myocardial infarction. We reported that silence of lncRNA GAS5 attenuated hypoxia-triggered cell death, as cell viability was increased and apoptosis rate was decreased. This phenomenon was coupled with the down-regulated expression of p53, Bax and cleaved caspase-3, as well as the up-regulated expression of CyclinD1, CDK4 and Bcl-2. At the meantime, the expression of four heart failure-related miR-NAs was altered when lncRNA GAS5 was silenced (miR-21 and miR-142-5p were up-regulated; miR-30b and miR-93 were down-regulated). RNA immunoprecipitation assay results showed that lncRNA GAS5 worked as a molecular sponge for miR-142-5p. More interestingly, the protective actions of lncRNA GAS5 silence on hypoxia-stimulated cells were attenuated by miR-142-5p suppression. Besides, TP53INP1 was a target gene for miR-142-5p. Silence of lncRNA GAS5 promoted the activation of PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling pathways in a miR-142-5p-dependent manner. Collectively, this study demonstrated that silence of lncRNA GAS5 protected H9c2 cells against hypoxia-induced injury possibly via sponging miR-142-5p, functionally releasing TP53INP1 mRNA transcripts that are normally targeted by miR-142-5p.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.86-97
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• 2021

Background: Panax ginseng Meyer has been used as a nourishing edible herb in East Asia for thousands of years. 25-OH-PPT was first discovered as a natural rare triterpenoid saponin in ginseng stems and leaves by our group. Research found that it showed strong inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, and protected cardiocytes (H9c2) through PI3K/Akt pathway. Methods: In the research, in order to optimize the 25-OH-PPT enrichment process, optimal macroporous resins and optimal purification conditions were studied. Meanwhile, the hypoglycemic effect and mechanism of 25-OH-PPT were evaluated by using STZ to establish insulin-dependent diabetic mice and the spontaneous type 2 diabetes DB/DB mice. Results and Conclusion: Research found that 25-OH-PPT can reduce blood glucose and enhance glucose tolerance in STZ model mice. It increases insulin sensitivity by upregulating GLUT4 and AMPK in skeletal muscle, and activating insulin signaling pathways. In DB/DB mice, 25-OH-PPT achieves hypoglycemic effects mainly by activating the insulin signaling pathway. Meanwhile, through the influence of liver inflammatory factors and lipids in serum, it can be seen that 25-OH-PPT has obvious anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering effects. These results provide new insights into the study of ginseng as a functional food.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.191-196
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• 1989

We obtained the new complexes, $Fe{\eta}^4-R,R'-TPSCp](CO)_3$(R,R'-TPSCp = 1,1-disubstituted 2,3,4,5-Tetraphenyl-1-Silacyclopenta-2,4-diene; R = Ph, R' = Cl, R = R' = Cl) from the reaction of the corresponding R,R'-TPSCp with ironpentacarbonyl under reflux in toluene. Also, the analogous complexes with R = R' = Me and R = Me, R' = Cl were obtained in an identical manner. We have determined the crystal structure of $Fe[Ph(Cl)-TPSCp](CO_)3$ by using Mo ka, ${\lambda}$ = 0.71069${\AA}$, where the unit cell was found to be monoclinic with a = 9.042 (6)${\AA}$, b = 19.870 (9)${\AA}$, c = 17.426 (9)${\AA}$ and ${\beta}$ = 96.28(4)$^{\circ}$. The butadiene moiety of TPSCp ring is planar and the dihedral angle of the butadiene plane and C4-Si-C25 plane was opened up to 41.8$^{\circ}$. The C-C distances in the butadiene moiety were found to be 1.4346, 1.462, and 1.440 ${\AA}$, respectively. It may be said that the four ${\pi}$-electrons are delocalized over the four carbons in five membered ring through coordination with ironcarbonyl. In this complex Fe is either in distorted tetrahedron environment with the centroid of the four C-atom butadiene moiety and three carbons of the three carbonyls or in distorted square-pyramidal environment with two midpoints of double bonds of the butadiene moiety and two carbons of carbonyl defining the base of the pyramid and the carbon of remaining carbonyl the apex.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1896-1904
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• 2020

Muscle atrophy, characterized by a reduced number and size of myofibers, occurs due to immobilization, aging, and several chronic diseases. Leonurus japonicus, belonging to the Labiatae family, is widely used as a traditional medicine in Korea, China, and Japan. Previous studies have reported that L. japonicus has various physiological activities, such as anti-bacteria, anti-cancer, and liver protection. Leonurine, which is a major bioactive in L. japonicas, is known to possess biological effects including anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, anti-angiogenesis, and anti-diabetes. However, the preventive effects of L. japonicas and leonurine on muscle have not been reported. The current study aimed to determine the inhibitory effects of standardized L. japonicus extract (LJE) and leonurine on muscle atrophy by clarifying their underlying molecular mechanisms in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-stimulated L6 myotubes. LJE and leonurine stimulated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway that was reduced by TNF-α treatment. LJE and leonurine not only increased the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway for protein anabolism but also decreased the mRNA expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases by blocking the translocation of Forkhead box O, which is closely linked with proteolysis. Additionally, LJE and leonurine alleviated inflammatory responses by downregulating TNF-α and interleukin-6 mRNA expression and reducing the protein expression of nuclear factor-kappa B, a major transcriptional factor of proinflammatory cytokines. Collectively, LJE and leonurine have potential as therapeutic candidates for inhibiting the development of skeletal muscle atrophy by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway and reducing inflammatory responses.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.529-545
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• 2022

This article concerns a ring property that arises from combining one-sided duo factor rings and centers. A ring R is called right CIFD if R/I is right duo by some proper ideal I of R such that I is contained in the center of R. We first see that this property is seated between right duo and right π-duo, and not left-right symmetric. We prove, for a right CIFD ring R, that W(R) coincides with the set of all nilpotent elements of R; that R/P is a right duo domain for every minimal prime ideal P of R; that R/W(R) is strongly right bounded; and that every prime ideal of R is maximal if and only if R/W(R) is strongly regular, where W(R) is the Wedderburn radical of R. It is also proved that a ring R is commutative if and only if D₃(R) is right CIFD, where D₃(R) is the ring of 3 by 3 upper triangular matrices over R whose diagonals are equal. Furthermore, we show that the right CIFD property does not pass to polynomial rings, and that the polynomial ring over a ring R is right CIFD if and only if R/I is commutative by a proper ideal I of R contained in the center of R.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.470-470
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• 2023

하천 및 저수지의 수량자료 수집을 위해 부자식 또는 레이더식 수위계 등의 계측기를 이용하여 수위의 변화를 측정한다. 그러나, 수량 모니터링을 위해 설치되는 계측기와 유지관리를 위한 인력소모 비용의 이유로 일부 지역에서만 제한적으로 수행되고 있어 정확한 수문 해석에 한계가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 저가의 센싱장비와 라즈베리파이를 활용한 ICT 기술을 수량 모니터링분야에 적용하여 수위 모니터링 기술을 개발하고자 한다. 라즈베리파이(Raspberry Pi 3 B Model)는 오픈소스 기반의 초소형 컴퓨터로 여러 센서를 연결하여 다양한 수문 인자(토양수분, 온도, 수위 등)들을 측정할 수 있으며, 통신 모듈이 기본 내장되어 있어 통신망 구축을 통해 측정데이터를 데이터베이스에 저장할 수 있다. 수위센서(eTape)와 초음파센서를 연결하여 실제 하천 유량 모니터링에 활용되고 있는 부자식 수위계 장비와 비교 분석을 통해 활용 가능성을 검증하고자 하였다. 검증방법은 인공강우실험을 위해 설치된 플륨관에 수위센서(eTape)와 초음파센서를 부착하여 기존 운영중인 부자식 수위계와 비교하였다. 부자식 수위계의 측정결과와 두 센서의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 결정계수(R²)가 0.94 이상으로 나타났다. 분석결과와 같이 기존 고가의 수위 관측장비들을 대체하여 저가의 센서 기반 모니터링 장비들의 실용화가 가능할 것이라 판단된다. 향후 연구에서는 다양한 센서(수위, 초음파, 카메라 등)를 이용하여 농업용수 물수지 분석에 활용할 계획이다. 농업용수는 수자원 총량 중 차지하는 비율이 높음에도 불구하고 정량적 데이터가 부족한 실정이며, 지역별 공급 특성이 다양하여 이를 계량화하기 위해서는 다수의 계측기가 필요하다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 개발중인 센서를 활용하여 물순환 과정의 정량적인 계측을 통해 농업용수의 효율적인 관리 및 농업용수의 하천기여도 평가 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.195-195
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• 2022

Abiotic stress is a major problem in global agriculture as it negatively affects crop growth, yield, and quality. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the world's second-highest-producing food resource, so the importance of mitigating damage caused by abiotic stress has been emerging. In this study, we performed GWAS to search for SNPs associated with salt tolerance and drought tolerance. NaCl (200 mM) treatment was performed at the seedling stage using 613 wheat varieties in Korean wheat core collection. Root length, root surface area, root average diameter, and root volume were measured. Drought stress was applied at the seedling stage, and the above phenotypes were measured. GW AS was performed for each phenotype data using the MLM, MLMM, and FarmCPU models. The best salt-tolerant wheat varieties were 'MK2402', 'Gyeongnam Geochang-1985-3698', and 'Milyang 13', showing superior root growth. The significant SNP AX-94704125 (BA00756838) were identified in all models. The genes closely located to the significant SNP were searched within ± 250 kb of the corresponding SNP. A total of 11 genes were identified within the region. NB-ARC involved in the defense response, FKSI involved in cell wall biosynthesis, and putative BP Ml involved in abiotic stress responses were discovered in the 11 genes. The best drought-tolerant wheat varieties were 'PI 534284', 'Moro of Sind', and 'CM92354-33M-0Y-0M-6Y-0B-0BGD', showing superior root growth. This study discovered SNPs associated with salt tolerance in Korean wheat core collection through GWAS. GWAS of drought tolerance is now proceeding, and the GWAS results will be represented on a poster. The SNPs identified by GWAS can be useful for studying molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance and drought tolerance in wheat.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.341-350
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• 2009

The research work was carried out to study the pathogenesis covering the clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesions in different organs, and reisolation and identification of the organisms after experimental infection with the local isolate of Salmonella enterica serovar. enterica subspecies (S.) Pullorum at different time interval of the experiment during the period February 2006 to December 2006. One hundred pullets (seronegative to S. Pullorum of 12 weeks age were purchased and divided into 5 (A, B, C, D and E) groups and each group consisted of 20 birds. Four groups (A, B, C and D) were infected orally with a dose of $10^6\;CFU$, $10^7\;CFU$, $2{\times}10^7\;CFU$, $10^8\;CFU$ of S. Pullorum, respectively, and one group (E) was treated as uninfected control. The used methods were necropsy and histopathology, culture of bacteria, staining and biochemical test of Salmonella. Five birds from each group were randomly selected and sacrificed $1^{st}$ week, $2^{nd}$, $3^{rd}$ and $4^{th}$ weeks of post infection (PI). From all the groups, the bacteriological samples (crop, liver, lung, heart, spleen, bile duodenum, ceca and blood) were collected with pre enriched in buffered peptone water in sterile poly bags. Liver, lungs, heart, spleen, intestine, etc. were collected in 10% buffered-formalin for histopathological examination. No clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesions were found in control group and no S. Pullorum was reisolated. Clinical sign of experimentally infected with S. Pullorum in pullets were loss of appetite (100%), slight depression (75%), ruffled feathers (85%), diarrhea (60%) and loss of weight (100%) in chickens. The feed intake and body weight at different weeks after PI differed significantly (p<0.01) among the groups. Grossly, the highest recorded lesion was button-like ulcer in the ceca (80%) and the lowest was white nodules in lungs (1.25%). S. Pullorum were reisolated from crop (91.25%), liver (91.25%), lung (83.75%), heart (71.25%), spleen (87.75%), bile (33.25%), duodenum (92.50%), ceca (97.50%) and from different group of infection (61.25%). The highest microscopic findings were intestinal and cecal mucosa and submucosa exhibited infiltration of mononuclear cells and congestion (96.25%), and the lowest finding was nodule formation in the lungs (3.75%). The pattern of the disease production by local isolate of S. Pullorum in Bangladesh is almost similar with other isolates in different countries.