• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.714-719
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• 2013

The bent peduncle phenomenon (BPP) is known as a kind of physiological disorders found in cut rose plants, which causes the reduction of cut flower yields. As yet unknown mechanisms, however, it has not been easy to find solutions for BPP. To address this challenge, this study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of floral morphology, growth, and endogenous phytohormone level of BPP shoots in cut rose plants (Rosa hybrida L. 'Beast'). Morphological observation confirmed the fact that BPP was accompanied by the early formation and being phyllody of a specific sepal among five sepals, which gave rise to peduncle bending in the upper part of the phyllody with fasciation. Year-round BPP frequency in 'Beast' cultivar was in the range of 5 to 20% with seasonal change, increasing rapidly with an average temperature rise in summer. Except bent peduncle, the BPP shoots appeared to grow normally in terms of speed and size of floral development in comparison with normal. However, carbohydrate distribution to the floral part in BPP shoots was significantly reduced. The level of endogenous IAA (3-Indoleacetic acid) within the floral part in BPP shoots was highly maintained during floral development, in contrast to normal shoots. $GA_3$ contents were not significantly different between normal and BPP shoots. This study indicates that BPP would be induced by a series of courses: abnormally early formation of a specific sepal relative to high temperature, being phyllody of the sepal with fasciation, and continuous supply of endogenous IAA by phyllody.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2002

The development of life science has given many insights into life phenomenons to mankind. Nevertheless, many questions for various phenomenon in life has not been satisfied. Recently, scientific development in human's knowledge showed the limitation of science comparing With the variety of life phenomenon. The fundmental reason of the limitation is thought that the subject of study in life science has been material, and so life has been thought a matter of material in life science. The thought of Hu Jun about this problem, the nature of living things is an important interest in Korean Traditional Medicine, Haneuihak(韓醫學). In this study, the view of human body and disease of Hu Jun(許浚) about the nature of living things which was appeared in 『Donguibogam』 was illuminated. The content of 『Donguibogam』 was edited in the order of Naekyung(內景篇; internal part of the body)ㆍOuihyung(外形編; external part of the body)ㆍJabbyung(雜病篇; diseases)ㆍTangaek(湯液偏; medicinal decoction)ㆍChimgu(針灸篇; acupuncture and moxibustion). The part of Naekyung(內景篇; internal part of the body) is thesis about basic theories and his thought about human body and life, which was seen in ‘Shinhyungjangbu-do(身形臟腑圖; figure of body and shape, and the organs and viscera)’ㆍthe part of ‘Jeong(精)’ㆍ‘Gi(氣)’ㆍ‘Sin(神)’ theory. In this study, the parts which were related with his view of life were selected and compared with the China philosohy of those days to elucidate what is his thought of life appeared in 『Donguibogam』.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.10
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• pp.204-209
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to produce a simulator that can control a pulse pressure keeping the pulse wave transfer phenomenon. For this, the elastic tube is combined with a compliance chamber for the vessel part. The simulator is comprised of four parts; a pressure generation part with slider-crank mechanism, a vessel part with resistance controller, water reservoirs and a measurement part. The changes of waveform depending on the location of a chamber is examined to determine the position of a chamber. The effects of a chamber on the pulse pressure and the pulse wave transfer phenomenon were investigated. It showed that the simulator which had the chamber in upstream of tube produces pressure wave, being more similar to the clinical waveform than in downstream of tube. Furthermore, with the chamber, the simulator generates a pulse pressure, being more similar to the normal physiological values than without one. The chamber had little effect on the pulse wave velocity.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1451-1458
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• 2006

Hae Ron(海論) was recorded to Tae So(太素)‘s volume 5 Sa-hae-hap(四海合), Gap Eul(甲乙)’s volume 1 chapter 8 Sahae(四海) and You Gyeong(類經)‘s volume 9 Gyung-lak-ryu-sam-sib-yi(經絡類三十二) Yin-ji-sa-hae(人之四海). Human body has the Sahae(四海; Gi hae, Heul hae, Sugok hae, Su hae) as like as Earth has Sahae(四海; East sea, West sea, South sea, North sea). Person's Sahae corresponds with Earth's Sahae. This chapter is explaining about Acupoint's position that Sahae's Gi-hyeol 氣血) comes in and go out, symptoms of disease, that can appear When Sahae lost homeostasis and the treatment principle, Yeong-wi-gi-hyeo(營衛氣血) enables complex vital phenomenon of human body. This Yeong-wi-gi-hyeo(營衛氣血) can not move if there is no systematic O-jang yuk-bu(五臟六腑), Sip-yi-gyeong-maek (十二經脈)) and Gi-gyeong-pal-maek (奇經八脈). For these system batch, it is Sahae do most important part. Sahae is synthetic and systematic concept. This chapter is explaining the position and function. Together, This chapter is presenting symptoms and treatment principle that can appear when Sahae overbalanced. This is offering important clue in Korean medicine physiology and pathology phenomeno study. Therefore, I gathers and compares and analyzed commentese of several doctors to grasp difinitely this chapter's contents, and also investigated and translated.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.250-261
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• 2001

Alternative therapy for rheumatoid arthritis has become worldwide phenomenon this decade without scientific validation. This study was undertaken to explore the prevalence, patterns of use, and perceived efficacy of alternative therapies by patients attending a rheumatology clinic. We conducted a crossectional survey of 142 RA patients with structured questionnaire at outpatient rheumatic clinic from July to August in 2001. Results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. 85.9% of subjects were woman. Mean age was 49.97years, duration of rheumatoid arthritis was 5.6years. Mean pain score was 5.29cm. 2. 74.6% of subjects perceived rheumatoid arthritis as a controllable disease. 31% of patients combined medical treatments with alternative therapies. 58.5% of patients perceived that combining medical treatments with alternative therapies is the most effective strategy in controlling disease. 3. 77.5% had used more than one alternative therapy since the diagnosis was made. The major reason of discontinuation of use was no effect for the treatment of their disease. 4. 34.5% were currently using an alternative therapies and 50.9% were going to use alternative therapies in future. 5. 42.7% reported that alternative therapies was effective and only 3.6% reported side effects. 6. The perceived effect score was 3.14cm in general expecially the physiological score 2.91cm, psychological score 4.16cm. In conclusion, our results demonstrate a high use of alternative therapies by rheumatoid arthritis patients. And the perceived effect score of physiological aspect was not higher than one of psychological aspect. Therefore it should be considered in education program for the use of alternative therapies.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 2002

Objective : To study of Literature on the Ying Qi and Wei Qi One of thing that is among basis theory of Oriental medicine is Vital Essence, Vitality, Qi and Blood(精神氣血) justly. Results : Physiological special quality of Ying Qi(營氣) first, flows within Blood Circulation and the temper is mild and second, transform blood and grow up whole body, and follow through Pectoral Qi(宗氣). Wei Qi(衛氣) means running regeneration of material that do guard action of human body as refined nutritious substances transformed in food. Physiological special quality of Wei Qi(衛氣) first, nature is fast, smooth, and sharp. And it flows outside Blood Circulation. Second, go on muscslar gap without following through Pectoral Qi(宗氣). Ying blood(營血) flows within Blood Circulation means living body ingredient which thing reveals by circulation of the blood change phenomenon. Ying Qi(營氣) is Ying(營) in meaning which go on meridians, therefore meridians as wandering living body reaction route mean. This Ying Qi(營氣)'s physiology transform blood and grows up whole body and flows within Blood Circulation. It becomes most important ingredient of composition of blood, Wei Qi(衛氣) transforms and becomes nutrition constantly by running regeneration of material which transform in Jungcho(中焦) and spread by spreading action of upper chest exhaust in lower belly above the blader of apriority, Kidney-yang.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.22 no.2 s.55
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• pp.98-105
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• 1983

The rapid increase in cases of insect resistance to insecticides indicates that the contribution of present chemical control practices inevitably leads to exhaustion of available insecticide resources against key insect species. Now the problem of insecticide resistance exists worldwide among insects and mites affecting field crops and animals including human beings, ranging from minimal or absent in some developing countries, where use of insecticides has been low, to extremely severe in many developed countries. Since the occurrence of insect resistance to insecticides was firstly recognized in 1908, the increase in recent decades has been almost linear and now the number of species of insects and acarines in which resistant strains have evolved have been increased to a total of 432. Of these, $261(60\%)$ are agricultural importance and $171(40\%)$ of medical/veterinary importance. The phenomenon of insecticide resistance is asserting itself as the greatest challenge to effective chemical control of many important insect pests. Resistance of insects to insecticides has a history of nearly 80 years, but its greatest increase and its strongest impact have occurred during the last 40 years following the discovery and extensive use of synthetic organic insecticides and acaricides. The impact of resistance should be considered not only in terms of greater cost of pest control due to increased dosages and number of applications but also in terms of the ecological disruption of pest-beneficial species density relationships, the loss of investment in the development of the insecticides concerned, and socio-economic disruption in agricultural communities. Despite its grave economic consequences, the phenomenon of insecticide resistance has received surprisingly little attention in Korea. Since the study of insecticides started firstly in 1963, many entomologists have been concerned with this study. According to their results, some of the rice pests and some of the mites on orchard trees, for example, have developed worrisome level of resistance in several areas of this peninsula. With many arthropods, considerable advances in the developed countries have been made in the study of the biochemical and physiological mechanisms of resistance. Progress involves the biochemical characteristics of specific defense mechanisms, their genetics, interactions, and their quantitative and qualitative contribution to resistance. But their studies arc still inadequately known and relatively little have been contributed in terms of unique schemes of population management in achieving satisfactory pest control. It is apparent that there is no easy solution to resistance as a general phenomenon. For future challenging to effective control of insect pests which are resistant to the insecticides concerned, new insecticide groups with distinctly novel mode of action are urgently needed. It is clear, however, that a great understanding of the factors which govern the intensity of selection of field population for resistance could lead to far more permanently successive use of chemicals within the framework of integrated pest management than heretofore practiced.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.44-44
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• 2017

Recently, the occurrences of extreme flooding and drought, often in the same areas, have increased due to climate change. We tested the hypothesis that wetland species could help upland species under flood conditions; that is, the roots of wetland crops may supply $O_2$ to the roots of upland crops by a series of experiments conducted in both humid Japan and semi-arid Namibia (See Iijima et al, 2016 and Awala et al, 2016). Firstly, flooding tolerance of upland-adapted staple crops-pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) mix-cropped with rice (Oryza spp.) was investigated in glasshouse and laboratory experiments in Japan. We found a phenomenon that strengthens the flood tolerance of upland crops when two species-one wetland and one drought tolerant-were grown using the mixed cropping technique that results in close tangling of their root systems, hereinafter referred to "close mixed-planting". This technique improved the photosynthetic and transpiration rates of the upland crops subjected to flood stress ($O_2$-deficient nutrient culture). Oxygen transfer was suggested between the two plants mix-cultured in water, implying its contribution to the phenomenon that improved the physiological status of upland crops under the simulated flood stress. Secondly, we further tested whether this phenomenon would be expressed under field flood conditions. The effects of close mixed-planting of pearl millet and sorghum with rice on their survival, growth and grain yields were evaluated under controlled field flooding in semi-arid Namibia during 2014/2015-2015/2016. Single-stand and mixed plant treatments were subjected to 11-22 day flood stress at the vegetative growth stage. Close Mixed-planting increased seedling survival rates in both pearl millet and sorghum. Grain yields of pearl millet and sorghum were reduced by flooding, in both the single-stand and mixed plant treatments, relative to the non-flooded upland yields, but the reduction was lower in the mixed plant treatments. In contrast, flooding increased rice yields. Both pearl millet-rice and sorghum-rice mixtures demonstrated higher land equivalent ratios, indicating a mixed planting advantage under flood conditions. These results indicate that mix-planting pearl millet or sorghum with rice could alleviate flood stress on dryland cereals. The results also suggest that with this cropping technique, rice could compensate for the dryland cereal yield losses due to field flooding. Mixed cropping of wet and dryland crops is a new concept to overcome flood stress under variable environmental conditions.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.18-28
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• 2000

The Purpose of this study is to extend the understanding and knowledge of menopause by comparing menopausal symptoms of married women and nuns in order to improve health and the quality of life for women. In this study a questionnaires were distributed to 116 nuns and 121 married women, from forty to fifty nine years old in Daegu metropolitan city. This study used the measurement of menopausal symptoms (Cronbach's Alpha=0.96) corrected and complemented by this student with consideration of various literature centered around menopausal symptoms, suggested by Janette M. Perz as 51 questions including 4 realms; [mental psychological factors], [physical physiological factors], [eyesight factors], and [urinary generative factors] in order to measure the degree of menopausal symptoms. The results are as follows : 1. There was a significant difference between educational background, religion, occupation, leisure time, satisfaction of marriage or ascetic life, existence of hormonal treatment, name of medical operation, and existence of counselling about menstruation as general and physiological characteristics of the nuns' group and the married women's group. 2. The menopausal symptoms of the nuns' group and the married women's group according to order in which they were presented were; 'feeling tired and lacking in energy(1.71 points)' 'vision not clear or clouded(1.69 points)', and 'be forgetful (1.57 points)' in nuns' group. 'be forgetful (1.87 points)', 'vision not clear or clouded(1.83 points)' and 'feeling tired and lacking in energy(1.76 points)' in the married women's group. The symptoms which showed the highest rank of menopausal symptoms had a maximum score of 4 points. 3. There was a statistical a significance (t=-3.9807, p<.0001) between the two groups which showed, on an average, 57.92 points in the married women's group and 43.03 points in the nuns' group from 0 to 196 of the possible points of menopausal symptoms. In difference of menopausal symptoms by menstrual aspect of the nuns' group and the married women's group, there was statistically significant difference between the two groups, showing 44.81±26.07 score in the nuns' group and 72.33±35.29 score in the married women's group as the mean score of the groups with no menstruation(t=-4.1132, p=0.0001). 4. The differences in menopausal symptoms with respect to the general and physiological characteristics of the nuns' group and the married women's group were that the nuns' group showed less menopausal symptoms on all the items than that of the married women's group. Finally, in these results, the married women's group showed higher menopausal symptoms than that of the nuns' group. Especially as the score of menopausal symptoms since the climacteric was very high it is confirmed to be a new phenomenon. Accordingly, it is considered to be necessary to carry out an indepth study of the factors related to establishing a strategy for nursing service.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 2002

Microemulsion is stable to aggregation, sedimentation, fusion and has $3nm{\sim}200nm$ of particle size which is transparent and semitransparent. The isoflavone as a derivatives of Flavone is colorless crystalline compounds. It has similar basic structure to steroid materials which is hormone that acts to skin physiological phenomenon. On this study, we tried to search and demonstrate system content rate of dermal translocation system for cosmetics using O/W type microemulsion containing isoflavone. We manufactured O/W microemulsions by phase inversion emulsification method. It's was found that POE(20) monostearate with HLB value 14 caused microemulsion to be formed, which had $4nm{\sim}18nm$ of average diameter and $3nm{\sim}33nm$ of particle size distribution. Apparent viscosities of the microemulsions have increased in proportion to add surfactant dose.