• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.252-261
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• 2000

Objectivity：This study was conducted to examine the depression, self-concept, perception of stress & coping strategy in children with chronic physical illness. Methods：Two groups of participants were recruited for this study, 13 children with chronic illness in outpatient or inpatient treatment at Seoul National University Children's Hospital, and 13 nonpatient children. They were assessed using Korean form of the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale (PHSCS), Kovacs' Children's Depression Inventory(CDI) and three subscaleds('color how you feel' 'color how others make you feel' 'A children in the rain' of Children's Self-Report and Projective Inventory(CSRPI). Result：There were significant differences between the chronic ill children and the healthy children in scores of depression and self-concept. The chronicity ill children were more depressive and had very negative self-concept, and obtained significantly lower scores than the healthy children in the subscales of PHSCS, 'intellectual/school status' and 'popularity' Among three scales of CSRPI, there was no difference in 'color how you feel' and 'color how others make you feel' But there were significant differences in all items of 'A child in the rain'(quantity of raining, duration of raining, tool, and effectiveness). 'Duration of raining' correlated most negatively with PHSCS scores, and correlated positively with CDI scores. Conclusion：The children with chronic illness are more depressive and have very negative selfconcept. And they feel that the stresses are more permanent, but have no appropriate coping strategy. The results suggest that the chronic illness strongly affects the psychological and emotional adjustment of children(i.e. depression, peer relation, stress coping strategy).

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.325-335
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• 2016

Software (SW) education is guided by the government to operate not only computer subject matter but also related subject matter. SW education is highlighted in the 2015 Revised Curriculum and Guide for Operating SW Education. SW education is related with science education. For example, education on algorithms employing SW and activities using sensors/output control can be an effective strategy for scientific inquiry. The method can also be applied in developing Computational Thinking (CT) in students. In this study, we designed lessons to solve everyday scientific problems using Educational Programming Language (EPL) SW and physical computing materials and applied them to high school students. We conducted surveys that were modified from questionnaires of Internet application capability and based on the standard of accomplishment of SW education as well as elements of CT to find out the change in perceptions on programming and CT of students. We also conducted a survey on students' attitude toward science learning after an SW inquiry activity. In the results, perceptions on programming and CT of students were improved through lessons using unplugged activity, EPL SW, and physical computing. In addition, scores for interest, self-directed learning ability, and task commitment were high.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.82-98
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to determine pattern of the stress perceived by stroke patients over time. The ultimate goal of the research is to provide data to help nurses to design the plan of nursing care of the stroke patients both in the hospital and at home. A total of 57 admitted stroke patients were collected from one general hospital in Seoul from June, 12 to September, la, 1993. The data were collected for three phases(within one week after leaving the hospital). The tools for this study, three scales were used ; Stress scale developed by the investigator. Constitution classifing scale designed by Kho(1984), and Self-care measuring scale by Kang(1984). Data were analyzed in four steps using statistical analysis. First, demographic data were determined by descriptive statistics. Second. the pattern of stress perceived by stroke patients across three phases was measured using repeated measures ANOVA. Third, stress of stroke patients classified by constitution, paralyzed area. and attack frequency were measured using ANOVA or t-test, and the pattern of stress by group over time was determined using paired t-test in post hoc test. Fourth. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationship between the stress and self-care activities. The results of this study are ; 1. The pattern of stress across three phases ; There was a decrease of the stress across three phases. In general. psychological stress as the highest among three phases(F=36.92. P=.000). There was a statistically significant difference of the physical stress(F=34.55, p=.000), the psychological stress (F=15.49, p=.0005) and the social stress (F=24.71. p=.000) among three phases. There was a statistically significant difference of the stress between the first phase (on admission) and the second phase(before leaving the hospital) and was a decrease of the stress (t =6.36. p=.000). 2. The pattern of stress of stroke patients classified by constitution across three phases ; Stroke patients classified as So-Eum perceived the highest stress among three groups(Tae-Eum, So-Eum. So-Yang). There was no statistically significant difference of stress according to the constitution of stroke patients among three phases. Hence. stress was not influenced by the constitution of stroke patients, but there was a statistically significant difference of stress over time. 3. The pattern of stress of stroke patients classified by the paralyzed area across three phases ; Right paralyzed stroke patients perceived higher stress than left paralyzed stroke patients. There was, however, no statistically significant difference of stress between two groups except 2nd phase. There was no statistically significant difference of the perception of stress bet ween the right and left paralyzed stroke patients. 4. The pattern of stress of stroke patients classified by the frequency of the relapse of the disease across three phases ; Stress was higher in stroke patients who had the relapse of the disease twice more than the first time. There was, however, no statistically significant difference of stress between two groups. There was no statistically significant difference of stress of stroke patients according to the relapse of the disease among three phases. Hence, stress was no influenced by the relapse of the disease. 5. The relationship between the stress and self-care activities ; There was a negative relationship between the stress and self-care activities each phase(on admission, r= -.1563 ; before leaving the hospital, r= -.4030 ; after leaving the hospital, r= -.5291). Hence, the higher the self-care activities, the lower the stress. This study has three important findings. First finding was that psychological stress perceived by stroke patients was the highest among three phases. The second finding was that factors such as the constitution, the paralyzed area, and the relapse of the disease did not have an influence on the stress perceived by stroke patients across three phases(on admission, before leaving the hospital, after leaving the hospital). There was a statistically significant decrease of the stress perceived by stroke patients across three phases. The third finding was that there was a negative relationship between the self-care ability and stress. In this study, these findings have implications for nursing care for the rehabilitation of stroke patients and suggest the need of nursing intervention to promote the self-care ability and to support the psychological self-esteem of stroke patients.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.479-486
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• 2004

We need to seek after new direction and order of design that puts more value on the spirits and culture of human beings in the 21st century, creating a new, all-inclusive value in which individual human being, the society and the environment can co-exist in a peaceful relationship by overcoming the materialistic, analytical, competitive, and differentiated values of traditional industrial society. The aim of this study, then, is to present a new method of design that can meet the demands of the 21st century in a civic age of information, knowledge and culture, by focusing on Monistic ideals derived from a deeply rooted Oriental philosophy. The concept of Monism is embodied by a mind set that treasures the benefit to others over rewards to the self, puts more importance on the spiritual life hidden behind physical phenomena, thinks more of what lacks than what exceeds, elevates the mind over the body, and seeks after beauty via a total harmony of balance and development that can be feasible only by combining all these elements. Ultimately, the new design principle based on the Monism consists of three basic elements: (1) identification of the subject and the object between things under the perception that all things are one (Unification); (2) the ability that helps things exist with appropriate beauty maintaining balance and stability (Harmony); and (3) the attitude of sharing to maintain sustainable vitality by filling up what lacks or is missing in a whole(Change).

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.79-91
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was conducted to analyze health behavior and utilization of university health clinics by college and university students. Methods: There are 376 colleges and universities in Korea as of May 2007. Of them 243 (69.6%) run health clinics in their campuses. Twenty of them were selected and 1,754 students were surveyed by using self reporting questionnaires. The data collected were analyzed by SPSS ver. 12.0. Results: Out of 1,754 students 56.5% were in good health. Of the subjects 15.6% were cigarette smokers, 30% were non drinkers, 20.8% exercise regularly, 53.7% sleep for seven to eight hours a day, 48% had proper body weight (BMI) 20-25) and 20% had physical examination in the past two years. The scores of health practices were higher in male students than female students (P 0.05). Perception rates of university clinics were higher in female students than male students. (P 0.01). Many students have intention to use the clinics (P 0.01). On health promotion program 35.2% of the subjects used clinics for emergency service, 32.8% participated in drinking control program, 32.8% in smoking cessation program, 20.4% in immunization program and 19.2% in regular health screening program. Conclusions: Comprehensive data for health behavior and need of health promotion services by the students should be collected regularly in order to meet the needs of students and faculty members in higher education institutes. The university authorities should pay more attention on the activities of health clinics in order to promote health of the students.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 2006

Sensory factors are important determinants of appetite and food choices but little is known about factors affecting taste acuity and preference of Koreans. Any factors causing deficits in sweet taste perception may lead to over consumption of simple sugar, which is related to several chronic diseases. This study was conducted to determine factors affecting sweet taste sensitivity and preference. Subjects were 30 government employees who were serving as school dietitians or in the area of public health while they were studying in the program for the qualification to become nutrition teachers. Sweet taste threshold and the optimally-preferred sweetness of omija jelly were determined by a sensory evaluation and general characteristics, health-related lifestyles, dietary habits and food preferences were determined using a self-administered questionnaire. For the subjects of this study, detection threshold concentration of sucrose solution was $0.184{\pm}0.06%$ and optimally-preferred sucrose concentration of omija jelly was $13.88{\pm}2.28%$ and there was no significant correlation between the sweet taste sensitivity and preference. Subjects who had higher(${\ge}4$ out of 10) physical or psychological stress and who had late getting-up time (after 7am) tended to have lower sweet taste threshold (higher sensitivity) than their counterpart. The sweet taste preference determined by optimally-preferred sucrose concentration of omija jelly tended to be lower in the subjects who eat slowly. Those who answered in the questionnaire to prefer sweet foods did have significantly higher optimally-preferred sucrose concentration of omija jelly. Further research is required to determine whether decreased sensitivity and increased preference for sweetness can increase the actual intake of simple sugar. (J Community Nutrition 8(2): 107 -113, 2006)

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.21-32
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyze perceptions of well-being and characteristics of beauty care tendencies among women, in order to provide basic data for the establishment of a well-being and beauty management direction. Methods : The domains examined for perceptions of well-being included spirit-oriented, material-oriented, self-oriented, and appearance-oriented values. The domains examined for beauty care tendencies consisted of appearance interest, social factors, and beauty care behavior. A survey of 320 women was conducted. In the analysis of the data, t-test and analysis of variance were used to examine the relationship between perceptions of well-being and beauty care tendencies based on sociodemographic variables. A multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting beauty care tendencies. Results : The analysis of the perceptions of well-being among the participants indicated that they tended to be more aware of the mental aspects of well-being and seldom recognized well-being as having material aspects. Therefore, they recognized the concept of well-being as something mentally oriented. The analysis of the factors affecting beauty care tendencies indicated that the participants were most greatly influenced by spirit-oriented values, and the more appearance-oriented values were emphasized, the more focus there was on beauty care. Conclusion : This study found that well-being is a luxury, and traditional beauty care involving care of the mind and body can be effectively utilized if the beauty care is based on the recognition of mentally oriented well-being.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.281-293
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze how Corona daily life has changed the music listeners' music listening experience and what meaning the music listeners are discovering in their music listening experience. This study considered the sociology of music, and music as a medium of perception and consciousness from a theoretical perspective. After that, the purpose of this study was to extract the meaning of subjective interpretations of music listening tendencies and music listening experiences for college students who took music-related classes from 20 to 24 years old. The research methods were written interview and free discussion analysis. As a result of the study, 76% of those interviewed in writing answered that their tendency to select music in daily life had changed. The main reasons were: First, finding a utopia in 'home' with music, second, finding and listening to new music with increasing time, third, getting out of 'corona blue' with music. College students were discovering new meanings in physical isolation through listening to music. They were discovering the meaning of 'self-healing' in listening to music, and they were changing the direction of their desired consciousness and emotions through music.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.19-29
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• 2023

This study aims to develop and apply a metaverse-based instructional design model for the education in science and technology. It analyzed the concept and characteristics of metaverse, existing non-contact education models, and major teaching strategies systematically. Based on the prior researches, an instructional design model using metaverse is developed that presents metaverse-related teaching strategies and design principles for the before-, during-, and after-lesson phases. Then, this model was applied to a project-based learning program, conducted a perception survey on instructors and learners, and revised the metaverse instructional design model based on the results of the survey. In the Metaverse Instructional Design Model, before-lesson phase is a physical and psychological preparation stage for class participation, which includes familiarization with the Metaverse learning environment, formation of expectations for education, and self-directed pre-learning. During the lesson, to effectively deliver the lesson content, it is necessary to build confidence in the learning environment, promote learning participation, provide reference materials, perform team projects and provide feedback, digest learning content, and transfer learning content. The after-lesson phase provides strategies for ongoing interaction between learners and mentors. This study introduces a new instructional design model that utilizes metaverse and shows the potential of metaverse-based education in science and technology. It also has important implications in that it provides practical guidelines for the effective design and implementation of metaverse-based education.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to investigate the stress and coping level as a result of dysmenorrhea which was experienced by girls. For the collection of data, the girls from the 1st to the 3rd grade in middle school in Seoul were selected through a random sampling technique. The survey was conducted from the 1st. to the 14th of June, 1991 by the use of questionnaires made after a pilot study. The final subjects for analysis were restricted to only those who had experienced me~arche, the number of which totaled 1,131. The stress, coping level, and other variables, were tested and analysed by descriptive statistics (eg, frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation), t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficients. The obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. The chronological start for menarche was at a mean age of 13.1 The respondents who had experienced menarche numbered $70.9\%$ of the 1st grades and $96.2\%$ of the 2nd grades in middle school, otherwise the starting age for menarche was in the 4th grade in primary school. 2. Their menstrual cycle and period were longer than adult's one. The number of students studied who had experienced dysmenorrhea during their menstrual cycle were 860, and 650 of those revealed that their mothers or sisters had experienced similar problems. 3. The subjects who were late or head left early rather than being absent from school every menstruation cycle were more stressful. The results are thought to show that the girl's perception of dysmenorrhea seems to be more sensitive than adult's one. 4, A significant negative correlation was found between the perception of menstrual flow and strees level. It means that an increase in the stress of dysmenorrhea was associated with decreased menstrual bleeding. The degree of hypochondrical concern assessed by the girls was significantly correlated to stress and coping level. When the girls perceived high stress as a result of dysmenorrhea, they worried about their physical health more. The above results lead us to the suggestion that the starting point of early education with a school program is appropriate for the 4th grade in primary school. Especially if the girls in middle school should be required to give the information about correct knowledge and sufficient self -care management of menstruation monthly, if this could be implemented the loss in school days among the students due to dysmenorrhea would be minimized with more ease.