• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.346-350
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of calf tightness on gait, plantar pressure, and balance in adults. Methods: A total of 60 participants were divided into a normal group of 30 subjects with normal dorsiflexion angle (20-25 degrees) and an experimental group of 30 subjects with limited dorsiflexion angle (0-15 degrees) due to calf tightness. Gait ability and foot pressure of the subjects was measured with a treadmill, and the balance ability was measured by PROKIN system. Results: A significant difference in COP length, loading response, and single limb support was observed between groups. The COP length and single limb support ratio in the normal group was greater than in the experimental group, but the experimental group showed a higher ratio for loading response in the gait ratio. Conclusion: Our results indicated that calf tightness was negative effects on balance and gait ability, so assessment of the muscle tightness should be considered during exercise and treatment.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.247-250
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• 1998

In this paper, a special kind of timer-controlled network is analyzed. A timer-controlled network with an immediate response scheme is modeled and analyzed. It is assumed that each station on the network has single buffer and individual finite number of maximum retransmission limit. The physical meanings of derived results are briefly explained, which prove that the results completely coincide with the physical operations of that kind of network. It is also shown by computer simulations that derived analysis results are valid.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.998-1011
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• 2001

In order to improve self-management of elderly hypertensives in this study, the researcher examined the effect of blood pressure regulation by an abdominal relaxed breathing training which regulates physical response to stress and lessens the activity of the sympathetic nerve. Method: A quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test design was used. Thirty elderly hypertensive patient ; Sixteen in the abdominal breathing group and fourteen in the control group participated in this study. The abdominal relaxed breathing training consisted of eight sessions twice a week for four weeks. There was no intervention for the control group. Result: 1. There was a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the experimental group and control group over three different times, and interaction by groups and over time. 2. There was no significant difference in the level of total stress response, physical stress response, behavioral-cognitive stress response between the experimental group and control group over three different times, and interaction by groups and over time. Conclusion: Findings indicate that this study will contribute to develop nursing strategies for the regulation of blood pressure for the elderly, which is easy for the elderly to learn as a nonpharmacologic approach.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.497-507
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• 2000

This study was performed to understanding on guidelines for using therapeutic modalities according to injury phases of soft tissue. Clinical decisions on how and when therapeutic modalities may be used should be based on recognition of signs and symptoms. as well as some awareness of the time frames associated with the various phases of the Healing process. The physical therapist must have a sound understanding of that process in terms of the sequence of the various process of healing stage. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Once an acute injury has occured, the healing process consists of the imflammatory response phase, the fibroblastic-repair phase, and the maturation-remodeling phase and can impede by various pathologic factors. 2. Modality use in the initial acute injury phase and the inflammatory response phase should be directed toward limiting the amount of swelling and reducing pain. 3. Modality use in the Fibroblastic repair phase may be change from cold to heat. The purpose of heat is to increase circulation to the injured area to promote healing. 4. During the Maturation-Remodeling phase, some type of heating modalities, ultrasound, or short wave and microwave diathermy should be used to increase circulation to the deeper tissue. In this phases, physical therapists must control training and conditioning habits to allow the injury to heal sufficiently.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 2001

The purpose oi this study is to identify clearly the physiologic significance of autonomic nervous system. This study is to find the loose of endogenous neurotransmitter while using the neural response of the neural excitatory action which is distributed to the perivascular smooth muscle through the electrical stimulation of the smooth muscle of coronary artery of pig. The effects of perivascular nerve stimulation were investigated on isolated coronary artery of pig.1 . The magnitude of contractile response to perivascular nerve stimulation increased with increasing frequency (2-80 Hz) of stimulation. 2. The contractions to perivascular nerve stimulation(40V, 40Hz. 0.5msec, 1 min) were increased greatly by pretreatment of the cholinestrase inhibitor physostigmine. 3. The contraction to perivascular nerve stimulation(40V,40Hz, 0.5msec, 1min) was antagonised markedly by the muscarinic antagonist atropine. 4. The contraction to perivascular nerve stimulation(40V, 40Hz, 0.5msec, 1 min) was blocked by the neural blocker tetrodotoxin. 5. The contractions to perivascular nerve stimulation(40V. 40Hz, 0.5msec, 1 min) were not affected significantly by the -adrenergic antagonist phentolamine or - adrenergic antagonist propranolol. 6. The contractile response by the acetylcholine was increased by the pretreatment of cholinestrase inhibitor physostigmine. The finding suggest that it is powerful excitatory action linked to muscarinic receptor by cholinergic nerve in coronary artery of pig.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.778-786
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• 2018

We investigated the effect of different exercise intensities on biomarkers of oxidant-antioxidant balance, inflammation, and muscle damage. Eighteen healthy and untrained male subjects were enrolled.Subjects were randomly and equally assigned to a moderate-intensityexercise(MIE, $65%VO_2max$) group(n=9) or a high-intensity exercise(HIE, $85%VO_2max$) group(n=9).Blood samples were collectedimmediately pre-exercise, post-exercise, and 60min post-exercisetoexamine oxidant-antioxidant balance(d-ROMs; BAP), inflammation(CRP; fibrinogen), muscle damage(CK; LDH), and lactate. Serum d-ROMs and BAP levels were significantly increased post-exercise compared with pre-exercise levels in HIE group(p<0.05). Lactate levels were significantly increased post-exercise compared pre-exercise levels in both the MIE and HIE groups(p<0.05). In addition, post-exercise serum d-ROMs and plasma lactate levels were significantly higher in the HIE group than in the MIE group(p<0.05). These results suggest that although relatively high-intensity exercises may increase oxidative stress levels in the body, they do not produce inflammatory response and/or muscle damage.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.149-162
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• 2012

This study is intended to investigate the effects of customers' emotional response upon behavioral intention with taking customers who visited Korean restaurants into account. Luxury Korean restaurants where we apply to this study are selected by the food service industry association of Busan-metro city among the model restaurants. For this aim, designing a research model and drawing a hypothesis were carried out with a basis of advanced research. In data processing, SPSS win package 15.0 statistical program was used to verify the hypothesis through frequency analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, and regression analysis. The result of the analysis on the effects of physical environment factor upon domination among emotional response could be summed up as follows. Employee and geniality factors turned out to exercise a significant impact on domination, convenience and cleanliness turned out not to. The result of the analysis on the effects of physical environment factor upon arousal among emotional responses could be summed up as follows. Cleanliness and geniality factors turned out to exercise a significant impact on evocation, convenience while employee factor turned out not to. As a result of the analysis on the effects of emotional response upon behavioral intention, domination and evocation factors among emotional responses had a statistically significant impact upon behavioral intention. From the findings of the study, it became evident that dining-out customers might regard luxury Korean restaurants as a space for experiencing various emotions by physical environment rather than for dining and meeting for friendship. To induce emotional response is therefore expected to help a company to promote the practical improvement in achievement over various aspects such as behavioral intention.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.481-506
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• 2009

The purpose of the present research was to examine whether the attention mechanism employs physical or represented location of the cue and target. To achieve this, we have employed the paradigm of facilitation of response as well as inhibition of return. In the experiments, valid and invalid conditions were defined by the position consistency of the cue and the target in the aspect of either physical or represented location. We used auditory cue and visual target in Experiment 1 while visual cue and auditory target in Experiment 2. As a results, in Experiment 1, effect of facilitation of response in valid condition was found when the valid/invalid conditions were defined in the aspect of represented location. In Experiment 2, effect of facilitation of response in valid condition was found when the valid/invalid conditions were defined in the aspect of represented location. In all the other conditions, no effect was found when the conditions were defined in the aspect of physical location. No effects of inhibition of return were found in Experiment 2. These results imply the possibility that attention mechanism operates based on objects' represented location rather than on their physical location. More importantly, the present research suggests that it is necessary to separate represented location from physical location of the target and the cue in the experiment of facilitation of response and inhibition of return in the future.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.26-34
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• 2008

The purposes of this study were to assess and modify the original classification categories of the modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (ODQ) and to determine the unidimensionality of the modified ODQ applying Rasch Analysis. The data were obtained from 108 work-related low back pain patients by physical therapists. Construct validity of the scale using the Rasch model required the structure of the rating scale to be modified from 6 response levels to 4 response levels. Eight items from the modified ODQ fit the Rasch model. The items, "pain intensity" and "social life" showed misfit statistics. In general, the order of item difficulty of the remaining 8 items showed a logical item difficulty hierarchy with the "changing degree of pain" item being the most difficult and the "walk" item being the easiest. The results showed that further study is needed to expand the construct of ODQ including additional higher-level items related to work activities. This study may be useful for establishing a standard method to assess the functionality of low back pain patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.379-386
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• 2000

This study is aimed to determine the cardiovascular function response to maximal exercise of chronic low back pain patients(N=13) and normal group(N=13). by using BRUCE PROTOCOL, subjects underwent tredmill exercise test. Their cardiovascular function responses during rest and after maximal exercise were compared The responses were analyzed using t-test for SPSS 7.0 program. The Cardiovascular function variables employed at rest time(Vo2, HR. Vo2/kg, VE, Vco2.) and all out time(Vo2peak. HRpeak, Vo2peak/kg, VEpeak. Vco2peak). Result show that : 1 There was no significant difference in Vo2 between chronic low back pain patients and normal group at rest time. However significant difference in Volpeak was observed after maximal exercise( p<.05). 2. There was no significant difference in HR between chronic low back pain patients and normal group at rest time. No significant difference in HRpeak likewise observed. 3. There was no significant difference in Vo2/kg between chronic low back pain patients and normal group at rest time. However significant difference in Vo2peak/kg was observed after maximal exercise load(p<.05). 4. There was no significance in VE between chronic low bark pain patients and normal group at rest time. However significant difference in VEpeak observed after maximal exercise load(p<.05).