• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2006

he purpose of this study is to measure bio-signal to investigate the driver's physiological response change under real situation using train simulator. The train simulator used in this study is KTX model and according to changes of driving situation, The bio-signal controlled by autonomic nervous system, such as GSR(Galvanic Skin Response), SpO2(Saturation percent O2), HR(Heart Rate), ECG(Electrocardiograph), EEG(Electroencephagram) and movement and response of eye were measured. Statistically significant difference in bio-signal data and eye movement activity pattern were investigated under several different driving speeds using analysis of variance (p<0.05). The GSR and HR value measured in average and mission speed operation is higher than in high-speed operation. β wave of EEG in average speed operation become more activated than in high speed operation. In accordance with a characteristic of rail vehicle, movement and response of eye in high-speed operation requiring relatively simple maneuver become less activated than in either average or mission speed operations. Conclusively, due to more careful driving controls in average and mission speed operation are required than in high-speed operation, level of mental and physical stresses of train driver was increased and observed through changes of bio-signal and eye movement measured in this study.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.105-117
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• 2004

The Pasadena Freeway follows the Arroyo Seco through foothills and scenic passes to link Downtown Los Angeles with Pasadena. The approximately 10 mile road was the first freeway built in the West during the 1930's and is today designated as a Historic Parkway. As it approaches Pasadena, it terminates at a traffic light intersection at Glenarm Street, and then becomes a commercial road the Arroyo Parkway. This one and a quarter mile long, north south road moves significant volumes of traffic both into and out of Pasadena. The Arroyo Parkway is thus a major 'gateway' and an important axis of orientation and movement, terminating in the City's core civic, commercial and retail district. Planting, lighting, signage, paving, furnishing and fixtures ought to all be properly designed and coordinated to create a distinctive 'gateway' experience arriving to Pasadena and driving along the Arroyo Parkway. Alternate design studies, developed in discussion with City officials and others involved in the redevelopment of the area, would need to be done to properly decide on the best direction. Issues of heritage and traditional streetscape will likely have to be reconciled with both the reality of the vehicular character of the road and more contemporary themes. Obviously with such large parcels of property available in the Arroyo Fair Oaks corridor, there is a huge potential for redevelopment and building. This potential would only be strengthened by the Light Rail Line and its stations, the improvements to the Arroyo Parkway, and the redevelopment of the Arts Center College of Design. Guides and controls to the development process, including programming and physical design studies, would need to be developed in order to ensure that the maximum potential for the corridor be realized. This concept proposal suggests that the whole strip might be developed as a Arts and Technology corridor, with special emphases on education, public culture, media and lifestyle. The full programming possibilities need to be further developed. Additionally, appropriate urban design guidelines to ensure high quality development also need to be incorporated into an overall development plan.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.217-225
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• 2015

Objectives : The objective of this study was to compare the Korean Personality Rating Scale for Children (K-PRC) profile between children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and typically developing children. We also aimed to investigate the association of K-PRC and ADHD symptoms. Methods : Ninety-nine youth (age $8.3{\pm}2.4$ years, 72 boys) with ADHD and 84 controls (age $9.2{\pm}2.5$ years, 43 boys) were recruited from the Department of Pediatric Psychiatry of the Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital. Diagnoses of ADHD and comorbid psychiatric disorders were confirmed with the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). The parents of the subjects completed the ADHD rating scale, and K-PRC. Independent t-tests, analysis of covariance, partial correlation analyses, and Mc Nemar test were used for analysis. Results : Children and adolescents with ADHD showed higher K-PRC scores in verbal development, physical development, depression, delinquency, hyperactivity, family dysfunction and psychoticism. Delinquency and hyperactivity were significantly correlated with parent-rated ADHD rating scales and ADHD scores on K-SADS-PL. The hyperactive/impulsive and combined subtypes showed higher scores on hyperactivity and delinquency than the inattentive subtype, and the inattentive subtype showed higher scores on depression and social dysfunction of the K-PRC. Conclusion : Our results suggest that K-PRC could be used to comprehensively evaluate symptoms, combined psychopathologies, developmental delay and family dysfunction of children with ADHD.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2011

무선 센서 노드들은 개방된 환경에서 동작하기 때문에 외부의 물리적인 공격에 매우 취약하다. 공격자는 노드들을 훼손시켜서 센서 네트워크에 허위 보고서를 주입시킬 수 있다. 이러한 공격들은 센서 노드들의 에너지를 고갈시킨다. 이에 대응하는 보안 기법으로 Ye등은 중간 노드가 일정한 확률로 보고서를 검증하는 통계적 여과 기법을 제안하였다. 통계적 여과 기법은 모든 중간 노드가 같은 확률로 보고서 검증을 수행한다. 따라서 정상 보고서와 허위 보고서를 검증하는데 같은 에너지가 소모 되므로 정상 보고서를 검증하는데 불필요한 에너지를 소모하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 각 중간 노드가 보고서 검증 시도 확률을 조절하여 센서 노드들의 에너지 소모량을 줄이는 기법을 제안한다. 보고서 검증 시도 확률은 한 노드의 잔여 에너지양, 현재 노드에서 기지 노드까지의 홉 수, 허위 보고서의 비율에 의해 결정된다. 보고서 검증 시도 확률을 조절하여 통계적 여과 기법과 비슷한 보안성을 유지하면서 에너지의 효율성을 높일 수 있다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2017

Objectives: Periapical lesions, including periapical cyst (PC), periapical granuloma (PG), and periapical abscess (PA), are frequently affected by chemical/physical damage during root canal treatment or severe bacterial infection, and thus, the differential diagnosis of periapical lesions may be difficult due to the presence of severe inflammatory reaction. The aim of this study was to make differential diagnosis among PC, PG, and PA under polarizing microscope. Materials and Methods: The collagen birefringence patterns of 319 cases of PC (n = 122), PG (n = 158), and PA (n = 39) obtained using a polarizing microscope were compared. In addition, 6 cases of periodontal fibroma (PF) were used as positive controls. Results: Collagen birefringence was condensed with a thick, linear band-like pattern in PC, but was short and irregularly scattered in PG, and scarce or absent in PA. PF showed intense collagen birefringence with a short, palisading pattern but no continuous band-like pattern. The linear band-like birefringence in PC was ascribed to pre-existing expansile tensile stress of the cyst wall. Conclusions: In this study all PCs (n = 122) were distinguishable from PGs and PAs by their characteristic birefringence, despite the absence of lining epithelium (n = 20). Therefore, the authors suggest that the presence of linear band-like collagen birefringence of the cyst wall aids the diagnostic differentiation of PC from PG and PA.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권9A호
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• pp.891-899
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• 2008

cdma2000 1xEV-DO 시스템은 기지국이 전송하는 이진(binary) 정보와 간단한 확률모델에 의해 역방향 링크의 전송속도를 제어한다. 하지만, 이 트래픽 제어방식은 각 단말이 자율적으로 전송속도를 결정하기 때문에 역방향 링크를 효과적으로 제어하기 어렵고 역방향 링크의 안성성을 보장하기도 쉽지 않다. 본 논문에서는 역방향 링크의 안정성을 향상시키기 위하여 트래픽 부하에 따른 단계별 전송속도 제어방법을 제안하고, 이를 이산시간 마르코프 프로세스로 모델링하여 성능을 분석한다. 다양한 환경에서 실시한 분석 결과를 통해 제안한 방법이 기존의 방법과 비교하여 보다 높은 전송속도를 지원함을 확인할 수 있다. 더불어, 제안한 방식은 표준규격에서 정의한 물리계층 구조를 변경하지 않으므로 이미 구축되어 있는 1xEV-DO 시스템과 호환이 가능한 장점을 가진다.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제5권10호
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• pp.503-510
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• 2016

최근 제안된 FsGr 모델은 가속도 센서 기반의 제스처 인식을 위한 방법으로 DTW 알고리즘을 두 단계로 적용하여 인식률을 개선하였다. FsGr 모델에서는 유사제스처 집합 개념을 정의하는데 훈련과정에서 유사제스처 집합들을 생성한다. 제스처 인식의 1차 인식 시도에서 유사제스처 집합이 정의된 제스처로 판정되면, 이 유사제스처 집합의 제스처들에 대해 특징이 강조된 부분들을 추출해 DTW를 통한 2차 인식을 시도한다. 그러나 동일 제스처도 사용자의 신체 크기, 나이, 성별, 등의 신체적인 특징에 따라 매우 다른 특성을 보이고 있어 FsGr 모델을 다중 사용자 환경에 적용하기에는 한계가 있다. 본 논문에서는 이를 다중 사용자 환경으로 확장한 FsGrM 모델을 제안하고 이를 사용한 스마트TV의 채널 및 볼륨 제어 프로그램을 보인다.

• 정보학연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.173-188
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• 1998

최근 인터넷을 이용한 전자상거래가 점차 발전됨에 따라 고객의 서비스 구매에 따르는 전자 결제의 이용이 점차 늘어가고 있는 추세이다. 그러나 전자결제는 온라인상에서 이루어지는 활동이라는 점에서 많은 문제를 내포하고 있다. 온라인 신용카드와 전자화폐 그리고 전자수표로 대변되는 전자결제의 수단들은 흔히 해커라 불리어지는 전자상거래의 비주체들에 의하여 오용되어지고 그로 인해 많은 피해가 발생할 우려가 있다. 본 고에서는 전자상거래시의 대금결제 수단인 전자결제의 종류와 문제점에 대하여 알아보고 그러한 문제점을 극복할 수 있는 방법들에 대하여 제시해 본다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.1076-1087
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• 2004

The purpose of the study is to give new aesthetic values of black dress one of the important items in contemporary women＇s fashion. Through the work, to give the new aesthetic characteristics that women really needed can be found. This study was processed by fashion books and articles, literal material with fashion photos which were related fashion trend from 1920 to the present. The results are as follows: In early 20th century, the black dress, which had simple form pursuing function like little black dress. In the middle of the 20th century, elegance and minimalism was represented by black dress, expressed erotic images together with see-through fabrics. In the end of the 20th century, body conscious style of black dress expressed sensual images of women. Modem black dress has design characteristics of the form: simple, close, exposure type and of the materials: matte, transparent and dazzling etc. Simple type emphasizes feminine elegance, while close type and exposure type disclose woman body curve to express erotic images. Matte materials made black dress express feminine elegance while transparent materials and dazzling materials made black dress express erotic and sensual beauty. The aesthetic characteristics of black dress were as followings: Sensualism expresses sexual attractiveness of women-close type and exposure type black dress and see-through materials and dazzling materials made black dress. Simplicity of extreme decoration effects are expressed through black dress having temperate and simple form. Femineity expresses traditional femineity to emphasize chaste, modest and elegant women images-the black dress, which is made of simple form, velvet and satin materials. Modernism combines black colour, which is called modem colour, with simplicity and function factors and pursues simple form. Ascetic practice controls mental and physical desire of the individuals, simple form without decoration covering up woman body and box type silhouette of black dress. Therefore, the study on image of the black dress, which have made appearance at modern fashion, is thought to help develop fashion trends and design, through which modern women express themselves and their beauty.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.14-26
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• 2012

The only extraterrestrial life detection experiments ever conducted were the three which were components of the 1976 Viking Mission to Mars. Of these, only the Labeled Release experiment obtained a clearly positive response. In this experiment $^{14}C$ radiolabeled nutrient was added to the Mars soil samples. Active soils exhibited rapid, substantial gas release. The gas was probably $CO_2$ and, possibly, other radiocarbon-containing gases. We have applied complexity analysis to the Viking LR data. Measures of mathematical complexity permit deep analysis of data structure along continua including signal vs. noise, entropy vs.negentropy, periodicity vs. aperiodicity, order vs. disorder etc. We have employed seven complexity variables, all derived from LR data, to show that Viking LR active responses can be distinguished from controls via cluster analysis and other multivariate techniques. Furthermore, Martian LR active response data cluster with known biological time series while the control data cluster with purely physical measures. We conclude that the complexity pattern seen in active experiments strongly suggests biology while the different pattern in the control responses is more likely to be non-biological. Control responses that exhibit relatively low initial order rapidly devolve into near-random noise, while the active experiments exhibit higher initial order which decays only slowly. This suggests a robust biological response. These analyses support the interpretation that the Viking LR experiment did detect extant microbial life on Mars.