• BMB Reports
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2019

Aging is accompanied by a time-dependent progressive deterioration of multiple factors of the cellular system. The past several decades have witnessed major leaps in our understanding of the biological mechanisms of aging using dietary, genetic, pharmacological, and physical interventions. Metabolic processes, including nutrient sensing pathways and mitochondrial function, have emerged as prominent regulators of aging. Mitochondria have been considered to play a key role largely due to their production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in DNA damage that accumulates over time and ultimately causes cellular failure. This theory, known as the mitochondrial free radical theory of aging (MFRTA), was favored by the aging field, but increasing inconsistent evidence has led to criticism and rejection of this idea. However, MFRTA should not be hastily rejected in its entirety because we now understand that ROS is not simply an undesired toxic metabolic byproduct, but also an important signaling molecule that is vital to cellular fitness. Notably, mitochondrial function, a term traditionally referred to bioenergetics and apoptosis, has since expanded considerably. It encompasses numerous other key biological processes, including the following: (i) complex metabolic processes, (ii) intracellular and endocrine signaling/communication, and (iii) immunity/inflammation. Here, we will discuss shortcomings of previous concepts regarding mitochondria in aging and their emerging roles based on recent advances. We will also discuss how the mitochondrial genome integrates with major theories on the evolution of aging.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2022

Background: Plyometric exercise is an exercise exerting forceful power in a brief period using isotonic activation. It is effective to improve reaction of muscle, agility, endurance and athletics performance. Weight training is an exericse improving muscular strength, endurance and respirating ability applying diversely in frequency and load of exercise Plyometric exercise and Weight training is to facilitate the athletics performance though improving the function of lower limb muscle, there is a difference that Plyometic jump squats is the way to improve agility and Weight training is the way to improve muscular strength. Therefore, it is necessary to know how this difference effects on athletics performance as measuring ankle, ROM, and jumping ability. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Method: This study was conducted with the voluntary participation of 40 university students, who were randomly assigned to jump squat and calf raise groups (n=20 per group). For each subject, we measured the range of motion of the ankle joint before and after exercise, as well as a standing broad jump and vertical jump test performance. We compared the performance indices before and after exercises using paired t-tests, and between groups using independent-samples t-tests. Conclusions: Both jump squat and calf raise exercises improved ankle joint dorsiflexion and plantar flexion, as well as standing broad jump and vertical jump height performance. However, there were no significant differences before versus after exercise, or between exercise types. Although jump squats and calf raises have different purposes, it is thought that, in combination, these exercises improve performance more effectively than either alone, and that such a combined exercise program improves the quality of training in both the general public and athletes in various sports.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2023

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of lowintensity resistance exercise combined with blood flow restriction on muscle activity and muscle fatigue to determine if such a combination may be an alternative to high-intensity resistance exercise in maintaining the muscle mass and strength and preventing degenerative loss of skeletal muscle and to provide basic data for presenting the effectiveness of exercise. METHODS: The interventions were provided for five weeks, four sessions a week, once a day, 60 minutes a session to Experimental group I (n = 13), in which low-intensity resistance exercise was applied by combining blood flow restriction with the biceps curl and experimental group II (n = 12), in which only high-intensity resistance exercise was applied. As a pre-test, the biceps brachii muscle activity and fatigue were measured by surface electromyography, and the hemodynamic variables, such as blood pressure and heart rate, were measured. The post-test was performed identically to the pre-test and compared and analyzed with the pre-test. RESULTS: A significant difference within-group was observed in the biceps brachii muscle activity and fatigue in experimental group I and only in biceps brachii activity in experimental group II. No significant differences were observed between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Since the low-intensity resistance exercise combined with blood flow restriction has similar effects to high-intensity resistance exercise, it is considered an alternative for improving muscle function in groups unable to perform high-intensity resistance exercise.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2020

본 연구는 배구 프로그램이 중학교 지적장애 학생의 체력과 주의집중력에 미치는 효과를 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 배구 프로그램의 효과성을 검증하기 위해 체력과 주의집중력에 대해 분석하였으며, 배구 프로그램의 실험집단 대상을 주 3회 90분씩 12주간 총 36회 적용하였으며 체력과 주의집중력 효과성을 검증하기 위하여 PAPS-D 지적장애 학생용 검사 및 주의집중력에 효과성을 검증하기 위하여 ATA 주의집중력 검사를 사용하여 분석하였다. 배구 프로그램에 참가한 지적장애 학생이 참여하지 않은 지적장애 학생보다 심폐기능에 6분 걷기의 수치가 향상된 것으로 나타났으며. 참가한 지적장애 학생이 참여하지 않은 지적장애 학생보다 근기능과 관련된 윗몸 말아 올리기, 유연성과 관련된 윗몸 앞으로 굽히기가 향상된 것을 알 수 있으며, 순발력에 관련된 제자리멀리뛰기에서 유의한 차이가가 나타났다. 또한 선택적 주의집중력 향상에서는 긍정적 영향을 주었음을 확인할 수 있으며, 중학교 지적장애 학생의 자기통제력, 지속적 주의력 변화, 선택적 주의력 변화가 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제53권9호
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• pp.602-609
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• 2015

The aim of this document is to evaluate the effect of bite balance on physical fitness and motor capacity to determine the importance of the occlusal stability as a possible action mechanism of occlusal appliance including mouthguards on physical performances. We all remember that day when the prominent athlete was in the news wearing a mouthguard to improve human athletic performance. I once had investigated the determinants of athletic performance in all sorts of sports. Most of the studies had overinterpretation of results and lack of evidence to support the information. However, I discovered great expectations for new possibility in this field and settled for a more academic approach to this intriguing subject. The followings are some examples of the subject 1. Archers who wore occlusal appliances to increase the vertical dimension of occlusion by 2~3mm increased their ability to focus and to maintain good sense of balance. Their accuracy rate has been improved. The appliance was made of acrylic resin (a type of plastic). 2. Canoe players who wore occlusal appliances to increase the vertical dimension of occlusion by 5mm surpassed longtime competitor and won the race with 10 seconds gap. 3. A cycle rider who wore an occlusal appliance to treat his malocclusion surpassed his old record from 10.8 seconds to 10.3 seconds. His muscle reflexes (anaerobic exercise) and endurance (aerobic exercise) has been enhanced. 4. Occlusal appliances had a good effect on athletic performance in most sports such as swimming, diving, and weightlifting. As for the clenching on dentition, people clench their teeth when they push their physical and mental limits during sports activities. Clenching can be induced by physical exertion when maximum muscle strength is retained and this is similarly found in different types of exercises. In addition, restraint of respiratory function is observed. Therefore, creating a occlusal balance with occlusal appliance or mouthguard promoted a favorable influence when an athlete clenches.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.233-238
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• 2014

독창성은 예술작품 뿐만아니라 장신구, 생활용품 등 다양한 디자인에서 요구된다. 창조적 디자인 작업에 참신한 모티프를 얻기 위해 변환생성 디자인 기법이 활용될 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 유전자 알고리즘을 이용하여 독특한 반지 모델을 만들어 내는 변환생성 디자인 방법을 제안한다. 후보해 표현방법, 연산자, 평가함수 관점에서 제안된 알고리즘에 대해서 소개한다. 제안한 방법은 고객이 자신의 반지 모양에 대한 취향을 선택하도록 하고, 취향을 평가에 반영하도록 하면서 여러 가지 반지 모델을 만들어서 추천하도록 한다. 반지 모델은 3차원 입체로 표현되기 때문에, 고객이 최종적으로 선택한 모델을 3차원 프린터를 통해서 실물로 제작될 수 있다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.61-81
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• 2003

There can be little dissension that the ultimate goal of all physical therapy interventions with the elderly is to restore or maintain the highest level of function possible for the individual. Whenever physical therapists take on this challenge, they assist elders in maintaining their identities as competent adults. Advancing age is associated with profound changes in body composition, including increased fat mass, decreased fat-free mass(particularly muscle), decreased total body water and decreased bone density. Along with these changes in body compositions, and perhaps as a direct result of them, elderly people have lower energy needs, reduced strength and functional capacity and a greatly increased risk for such diseases as noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis. Resistance training is considered a promising intervention for reversing the loss of muscle function and the deterioration of muscle structure that is associated with advanced age. This reversal is thought to result in improvements in functional abilities and health status in the elderly by increasing muscle mass, strength and power and by increasing bone mineral density. In the past couple of decades, many studies have examined the effects of Resistance training on risk factors for age-related diseases or disabilities. We have explored the positive and negative aspects of older adults' participation in resistance training programs. The benefits to older adults are reported to be increased strength, endurance, muscle capacity, and flexibility; more energy; and improved self-image and confidence. The negative aspects include some pain or stiffness and other nonspecific problems. The positive and negative aspects of resistance training are therefore very similar to those in younger populations. Scientific investigations over the past 10 years have demonstrated that resistance training can be safely and successfully implemented in older populations. Even the frail and very sick elderly can benefit and improve their quality of life. Proper design and progression of a resistance training program for older adults is vital to optimal benefits from resistance exercise. The results of data provided by this research on resistance training for health shows that there is enough existing evidence to conclude that resistance training, particularly when incorporated into a comprehensive fitness program, can offer substantial health benefits which can be obtained by persons of all ages. These benefits, including improvements in functional capacity, translate into an improved quality of life.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.371-381
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to develop the day care program for the demented elders and to determine the effects of multiple activity therapies on the physical, emotional, cognitive, social function and physiological indicators of dementia elders in day care center. Method: A total of 13 elders with mild dementia in the data care center were participated. Manual and guideline of data care program was developed. Data care program was composed of movement/exercise, foot massage, music therapy, horticultural therapy, and art therapy. Data care program was performed by trained intervener for 32 weeks. Instruments were physical functioning such as hand grip strength., vital capacity, chiar stand test, sit and reach test, one leg standing, Berg' Balance scale, 6m Walk Velocity, stair climb, ADL, GDS-K, MMSE-K, Integrative Social Functioning Scale, cortisol, Ig A and Ig G. These were measured at the baseline, 16-week, and 32-week post-intervention by the trained nurses. Data were analyzed as Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: For Hand grip, balance, and vital capacity, there was a significant difference between baseline and 16-week post-intervention(p<.05). For one leg standing, 6m velocity, there was a significant difference between 16-week post-intervention and 32-week post-intervention(p<.05). For Stair climb, there was a significant difference between baseline and 32-week post-intervention(p<.05). For depression and social functioning, there was no significant difference among baseline, 16-week, and 32-week post-intervention. For cognitive functioning, there was a significant difference between baseline and 32-week post intervention(p<.05). There was a significant difference of cortisol, and Ig G between baseline and 32-week post-intervention(p<.05). Conclusion: It would appear that physical fitness, functional performance, ADL, depression, social and cognitive functioning, and physiological indicator of community dwelling elders with dementia can be improved through day care program using multiple stimuli.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.1556-1566
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• 2020

본 연구는 8주간의 누리다 볼 운동이 중년 남성들의 등속성 근기능, 척추 정렬 및 동적 균형 능력에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 있다. 본 연구의 대상자는 중년 남성(n=16)을 공 운동 그룹(BE, n=8)과 비교 그룹(CON, n=8)으로 구분하였으며 BE 그룹은 하루 30분, 주 3회, 총 8주간 누리다 볼 운동을 실시하여 등속성 슬관절 및 체간의 근 기능, 척추 정렬 및 동적 균형 능력을 측정하였다. 측정된 모든 변인들은 평균과 표준편차를 산출하고, Shapiro-Wilk test를 이용하여 정규성 검증을 확인하였다. 이후 집단 간의 차이를 확인하기 위해서 독립(Independant) t-test 방법과 대응(Paired) t-test 방법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 등속성 슬관절 및 체간 근 기능은 CON 그룹과 비교하여 BE 그룹에서 좌측과 우측의 슬관절 신전근의 피크파워(%BW, 60°/sec, p<.001, respectively), 좌측과 우측 슬관절 신전근의 평균파워(%BW, 60°/sec, p<.05, p<.001, respectively), 우측 슬관절 굴골근의 피크파워(%BW, 180/sec, p<.05) 및 우측 슬관절 신전근의 평균파워(%BW, 180°/sec, p<.05)가 유의하게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 등속성 체간의 근 기능 변화량은 CON 그룹과 비교하여 BE 그룹에서 신전근의 피크토크(%BW, 180/sec, p<.05)가 유의하게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 누리다 볼 운동은 몸통 앞뒤 기울기를 감소시켜 척추 정렬을 일부 개선한 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 마지막으로 CON 집단과 비교하여 BE 집단에서 동적 균형 능력은 6 단계의 전체균형지수(p<0.01), 전후균형지수(p<0.05) 및 1단계의 전체균형지수(p<0.05)를 유의하게 감소시켰다. 따라서 연구를 종합해 보면 누리다 볼 운동은 중년 남성들에게 있어 등속성 근 기능, 척추 정렬 및 동적 균형 능력과 같은 건강 관련 체력을 향상 시킬 수 있는 효과적인 운동 기구라고 사료되며, 향후 운동의 형태(강도, 빈도 등)를 다양하게 적용한 후속 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.4234-4243
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• 2010

치매의 특성상 집중력 결핍, 불안, 긴장 등으로 운동지도 현장에서 치매 고령자에게 운동을 지도하는데 어려움이 따른다. 이에 운동시간을 배분하여 실시하는 방법인 간헐적 운동을 제시하고자 한다. 연속적 운동과 간헐적 운동이 기능적 체력, 인지기능 및 일상생활수행능력에 미치는 영향을 구명하여 이들을 위한 적절한 운동 처방의 자료로 활용하는데 있다. 대상자 선정은 B광역시 A치매전문요양원에 거주하고 있는 여성 고령자로 DSM-IV 기준에 따라 확정적 치매의 진단을 받은 자이다. 연속적 운동군 6명, 간헐적 운동군 5명으로 총 11명을 최종 대상자로 선정하였다. 손발운동, 한국무용과 밴드운동을 실시하였다. 주 3회, 총 12주간 실시하였다. Borg's scale을 이용하여 준비 및 정리운동은 RPE 7-9, 본 운동은 RPE 11-13의 수준으로 실시하였다. 연속적 운동군은 1일 1회 30분간, 간헐적 운동군은 1일 3회 10분씩 총 30분간 실시하였다. 모든 자료는 SPSS Ver. 18.0을 사용하여 평균값과 표준편차를 산출하고, two-way repeated ANOVA를 실시하였다. 통계적 유의수준은 .05로 설정하였다. 기능적 체력과 인지기능에서 시기간 유의한 차이가 있었다. 일상생활수행능력에서 시기에서 차이가 없었다. 모든 항목에서 집단, 시기${\times}$집단은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 연속적 운동군과 간헐적 운동군의 효과가 유사하게 나타났다. 이는 모든 치매환자에게 일반화시키기에는 제한이 있지만 운동시간 배분에 있어 연속적 운동방법과 유사하게 간헐적 운동의 방법도 경증치매환자의 운동처방에 유효한 자료가 될 것으로 본다.