• Carbon letters
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2003

In polymer precursor based activated carbon, the structure of starting material is likely to have profound effect on the surface properties of end product. To investigate this aspect phenolic resins of different types were prepared using phenol, mcresol and formaldehyde as reactants and $Et_3N$ and $NH_4OH$ as catalyst. Out of these resins two resol resins PFR1 and CFR1 (prepared in excess of formaldehyde using $Et_3N$ as catalyst in the basic pH range) were used as raw materials for the preparation of activated carbons by both chemical and physical activation methods. In chemical activation process both the resins gave activated carbons with high surface areas i.e. 2384 and 2895 $m^2/g$, but pore size distribution in PFR1 resin calculated from Horvath-Kawazoe method, contributes mainly in micropore range i.e. 84.1~88.7 volume percent of pores was covered by micropores. Whereas CFR1 resin when activated with KOH for 2h time, a considerable amount (32.8%) of mesopores was introduced in activated carbon prepared. Physical activation with $CO_2$ leads to the formation of activated carbon with a wide range of surface area (503~1119 $m^2/g$) with both of these resins. The maximum pore volume percentage was obtained in 3-20 ${\AA}$ region by physical activation method.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.65-77
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• 2000

A simple but effective method has been developed for estimating diurnal and semi-diurnal tidal currents from trajectories of satellite-tracked drifters. The estimation method consists of separation of tidal current signals contained in the drifter trajectories, computation of undulations by diurnal and semi-diurnal currents, and correction of dominant diurnal and semi-diurnal tidal constituents. M$_2$ tidal currents estimated from drifter trajectories in the Yellow Sea are well consistent with those observed by moored current meters and this supports the validity of this method. We have constructed M$_2$ tidal current chart in the Yellow Sea by applying this method to available drifter trajectories collected during 1994-1998. According to this chart, M$_2$ current in the Yellow Sea rotates in the clockwise direction south of 35$^{\circ}$ 30'N but in the counterclockwise one to the north. Also it is found that the M$_2$ current is strong in the bank area northeast of the Changjiang River mouth and in the Korean coastal area, while it is weak in the deep central trough.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.185-195
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• 2005

The main propose of this study was 1 examine the relations of parenting behaviors perceived by children to children's aggression and Unsocial behaviors with a sample of 301 6th-graders(161 boys and 140 girls) and their teachers(N=10). The children answered questionnaires regarding parenting behaviors such as physical punishment psychological control, md responsiveness. Children's aggression and unsocial behaviors were rated by their teachers. Boys showed higher overt aggression than girls. Children were more aggressive when they perceived that their parents used more physical punishment and psychological control and they were less responsive. Children showed more prosocial behaviors when they perceived that their parents used less physical punishment' and psychological control and they were more responsive. The more aggressive the children were, the less prosocial they were.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.254-259
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the interactions between the job strain and social support in the workplace on the development of workrelated neck pain in office workers. Methods: The participants included 62 office workers without neck pain over the last twelve months. A battery of measures evaluating the potential workplace risk factors in office settings were conducted at the baseline, and at the 12 month incidence of work-related neck pain was reported via monthly questionnaires. Survival analysis evaluated the interaction effect between job strain and social support on the development of work-related neck pain. Results: The incidence of work-related neck pain was 1.91 (95% CI: 1.06 - 3.45) per 100 person months. The interaction effect between job strain and social support found that job strain may increase the risk of developing new work-related neck pain when lower social support existed in the workplace. On the other hand, the adverse effects of job strain on the development of neck pain were not significant when workers had higher social support from their colleagues and supervisors. Conclusion: An investigation of the moderating effects of risk factors on neck pain might reveal the unexplained relationship between the risk factors for the development of neck pain in office workers. Therefore, the interest in prevention plans and treatments should involve a comprehensive understanding of the risk factors at workplace.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.47-58
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyses the main factors of research papers for related with home physical therapy. This study was retrospective descriptive study, the period of data collection was from 1991 to 2011. The data was collected by the journal related in physical therapy, the dissertation of academic degree, National Assembly Library and the web-site for academic information. In the web-site, searched with the keyword 'home physical therapy' and 'after school voucher'. The results were as follows; 1. In the home physical therapy, visiting physical therapy, school physical therapy, there were different based on laws; home physical therapy was based on medical law, visiting physical therapy was based on law for community health and law for long term health insurance, school physical therapy was based on special education law. 2. The summary of research title/thema from 1991 to 2011 was as follows; for the home and visiting physical therapy 'the needs and necessity of home and visiting physical therapy' was 18 papers, 'the contents of service of home and visiting physical therapy' was 18 papers, 'program and skill development' was 16 papers, 'system developing and induction strategy of home and visiting physical therapy 'was 15 papers, 'costs of nome and visiting physical therapy' was 2 papers, 'perception and information of home and visiting physical therapy' was 9 papers, 'Recoding system and administration management' was 9 papers, 'the others 'was 14 papers, for the school physical therapy 'after school voucher system' was 9 papers, the others was 4 papers. The total papers was 114 papers. 3. Finally suggested 'Model of Educational Program for HomeVisiting and School Physical Therapy'.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.38-52
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• 2000

This study was conducted to develop web-based distance learning program of basic nursing physical science which was composed of a multimedia contents such as documents, voices and pictures. This was to advance curriculum of basic nursing physical science based on a proper nursing characteristics related to other major nursing subjects and induce a new and creative method to gain a knowledge. Based on a general learning design model, distance learning program was developed centered on a structure and function of heart physical science in 1999. The stages of development were like this. Firstly, at the analytic stage, specific units and contents for developing multimedia contents were decided and presentation methods for each item were designed and then the evaluation items were developed. Secondly, at the design stage, the most effective design of multimedia construction was selected and interfaces, basic frames, and presentation elements were chosen. Thirdly, at the developmental stage, internet files were designed using Namo web editor 4.0 and this files were modified with Adobe Photoshop.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국디지털정책학회 2006년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.409-418
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to present a low cost u-City portal development idea and to propose an exclusive system architecture using 3-D interface layers. 3-D interface layers consist of reused ideas of data from existed public data produced from GIS in order to reduce Produce Processes. 3-D interface layers implement a u-City portal systems that tags from physical spaces 1 ink to mobiles from ubiquitous networks between electronic spaces and physical spaces. Primary produce of this study exhibits an exclusive architecture of a u-City portal for speedy and low cost web 3-D interface layers and GIS data, and for implementation interface of 3-D types on USN of physical spaces. Secondary produce of this study represents that a 3-D u-City portal system has visualized speedy implementation characteristics for implementation of the application systems to execute an ubiquitous concept by returning electronic space to physical space, and to present the low cost 3-D u-City portal than an existed 3-D u-city development strategy. Therefore continuous expansion and study of the 3-D interface physical space under a 상황인지(Context Awareness)ubiquitous will appear the innovated u-City portal systems.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.147-159
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to figure out the physical development and health status of elementary children in poverty. Method: 306 children in poverty registered in 3 regional children centers located in Incheon were selected. The results were compared with those of the physical status of students all over the country in 2008. Result: The children in poverty were relatively poor in the growth state such as height and weight, compared with those in non-disadvantage family children. In eyesight to be corrected, the children in poverty reached 26%. As a result of a blood laboratory test, the children with high T-cholesterol reached 5.84%; high SGOT/GPT 6.3%. In anemia, 41.4% of boys in poverty were suffering from it, compared to 7.5% of girls. In Internet addiction, children in poverty showed lower value than those in non-disadvantage children, but there are correlated between CDI and internet addiction test. Conclusions: These results implies the children in poverty have more physical and emotional problems, so they are in danger of related to health. These matters mean that the management by professional health care should be provided, and the plan and policy for promoting health for the children in vulnerable group should be established and provided.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2006

The purpose of this study would like to analyze statically significant difference for low back-pain frequency of mother after development-disability children. Seven nursery children with disability conducted survey from 122 mothers cared children with disability. Survey data was obtained from April 14. 2006 to May 23. 2006. The results were as follows: According to walking-existence, assistance walking, and disability-degree, low back pain incidence frequency of mothers were statically significant difference, (p<0.05). Low back pain incidence frequency of walker-ability population was 51.4%, but low back pain incidence frequency of walker-disability population was 80.0%. then low back pain incidence frequency of mothers to walking-existence was differed amount. Disabled not statically significant difference to encephalopathy and disability-type1 and disability -type2 (p>0.05). children with disability-degree and assistance walking benchmarked low back pain disability-measure. Low back pain degree not relevancy statically significant. Physical load was statically significant difference between Oswestry's low back pain score and reach effect to child-cared(p<0.05). As development-children with disability of disable degree, Mother appeared to highly low back pain frequency rate and appeared to large reach effect child-cared owing to physical load of low back pain. So hereafter, location and person request to approach with more clinical and objectively. As approach result, it will help to stress solution of children with disability owing to develop to low back pain class and family capable strengthening program and so on.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2019

We report development of a frequency-stabilized mid-infrared continuous-wave (cw) optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on a fan-out grating MgO:PPLN crystal pumped at 1064 nm. The OPO resonator was designed as a pump-enhanced standing-wave cavity that resonates to the pump and signal beams. To realize stable operation of the OPO, we applied a modified Pound-Drever-Hall technique, which is a well-known method for powerful laser frequency stabilization. Tuning a poling period of the fan-out grating of the crystal allows wavelength-tunable OPO outputs from 1510 nm to 1852 nm and from 2500 nm to 3600 nm for signal and idler beams, respectively. At the idler wavelengths of 2500 nm, 3000 nm and 3500 nm, we achieved more than 50 mW of output powers at a pumping power of 1.1 W. The long-term stability of the OPO was confirmed by recording the power and wavelength variations of the idler for an hour.